Cognitive disorders in patients with occlusive disease of the carotid artery: a systematic review of the literature

We present a systematic review of the literature on the prevalence, nature, severity, course, and causes of cognitive deficits in patients with occlusive disease of the carotid artery prior to surgery (if surgery was under discussion). Searches were carried out on Medline and Psychlit from 1980 to 1999 using neurovascular and psychological index terms, and papers and books were checked for further references. Studies describing neuropsychological assessment of groups of patients with carotid obstruction were included. Eighteen studies were found. We extracted from the papers data on study design, demographic characteristics of patients, clinical diagnosis, carotid obstruction, cerebral imaging, time interval between ischemic episode and neuropsychological assessment, neuropsychological asessment procedures, integration and interpretation of test performances, and conclusions of authors. Fourteen studies concluded that there are cognitive deficits both in patients with symptomatic and in those with asymptomatic carotid obstruction; four studies denied cognitive impairment. There were no differences in patient characteristics, study design, or neuropsychological assessment procedures between the 14 studies that found deficits and the 4 that did not. There are indications for a mild, diffuse, detrimental effect of carotid occlusive disease on cognitive functioning. However, methodological problems prevent a definitive conclusion. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and to ascertain the neurovascular risk factors for and the natural course of cognitive impairment in patients with carotid occlusive disease. Received: 12 July 1999/Received in revised form: 10 November 1999/Accepted: 26 January 2000     

COX基因多态性与缺血性卒中的相关性研究

【摘要】 目的 探讨环氧合酶(COX)代谢通路基因多态性及其与缺血性卒中发病率的关系。方法 将2013年2月~2015年11月在德阳市人民医院和温州医科大学第三附属医院神经内科住院经头颅CT和MRI检查确诊的299例急性缺血性卒中患者,根据彩超结果分为颈动脉易损斑块组（VP）94例、稳定斑块组（SP）74例和无斑块组（NP）131例;同时再分为颈动脉内膜增厚组（IT）108例和非内膜增厚组（NT）191例。使用聚合酶链反应和质谱分析测定基因多态性,包括前列腺素合酶1(PTGS1 rs1236913)、前列腺素H合酶2(PTGS2 rs689466)、血栓素A2合酶(TBXAS1 rs2267679、rs41708、rs194149)、前列腺素E合酶(PTGES2 rs6478818)、环前列腺素合成酶(PTGIS rs5602、rs5629)。结果 在易损斑块组和无斑块组之间TBXAS1 rs194149 GG基因型(P=00281),PTGIS rs5602 CT基因型(P=00319)存在显著差异。内膜增厚组和非内膜增厚组之间PTGS2 rs689466 GG基因型(P=00216)显示显著差异。多元回归分析显示,PTGIS的AA基因型(P=00308,OR:0275,95%CI:0079～0955)和PTGS2的AG+ GG基因型(P=00065,OR:2162,95%CI:1232～3795)是内膜增厚的破坏性因素。结论 COX的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与脑梗死的发病率存在相关性,PTGIS和PTGS2基因多态性与内膜增厚脑卒中患者相关。     

急性脑梗死患者颈动脉硬化斑块稳定性的影响因素

【摘要】 目的 分析急性脑梗死患者颈动脉硬化斑块情况,并探讨影响其斑块稳定性的相关危险因素。方法 选取2012年5月~2017年5月我院收治的128例急性脑梗死患者作为研究对象,采用回顾性分析法分析所有患者的临床资料,根据资料可知所有患者均行颈动脉彩超及相关临床指标的检测以及一般临床资料的记录,分析检查和检测结果记录所有患者颈动脉硬化斑块形成以及其稳定情况和相关临床指标水平,并比较颈动脉硬化斑块不同稳定状况急性脑梗死患者上述资料的差异性,研究其与斑块稳定的相关性。结果 经颈动脉彩超检查结果可知,128例急性脑梗死患者均形成颈动脉硬化斑块,其中斑块稳定70例（5469%）,斑块不稳定58例（4531%）。两组患者在TC、TG、FPG和UA水平的比较上均无差异（P＞005）,但斑块不稳定的急性脑梗死患者Hcy、CyC、CRP、FIB、LDL以及IL 6和ICAM １水平均显著高于斑块稳定的急性脑梗死患者（P＜005）。非条件单因素Lgistic回归模型分析显示,急性脑梗死颈动脉硬化斑块不稳定患者中Hcy、CyC、CRP、FIB、LDL以及IL 6和ICAM １水平升高比例均显著高于斑块稳定患者（P＜005）。经非条件多因素Logistic回归模型分析得Hcy、CyC、CRP以及FIB水平升高均为导致急性脑梗死患者颈动脉硬化斑块不稳定的独立危险因素（P＜005）。结论 绝大部分急性脑梗死患者均存在颈动脉硬化斑块,且这些患者中有将近一半其斑块处于不稳定状态,而患者机体Hcy、CyC、CRP以及FIB表达水平过高均为导致急性脑梗死患者颈动脉硬化斑块不稳定的独立危险因素。     

Ophthalmic masquerades of the atherosclerotic carotids

Patients with carotid atherosclerosis can present with ophthalmic symptoms. These symptoms and signs can be due to retinal emboli, hypoperfusion of the retina and choroid, opening up of collateral channels, or chronic hypoperfusion of the globe (ocular ischemic syndrome). These pathological mechanisms can produce many interesting signs and a careful history can bring out important past symptoms pointing toward the carotid as the source of the patient''s presenting symptom. Such patients are at high risk for an ischemic stroke, especially in the subsequent few days following their first acute symptom. It is important for clinicians to be familiar with these ophthalmic symptoms and signs caused by carotid atherosclerosis for making an early diagnosis and to take appropriate measures to prevent a stroke. This review elaborates the clinical features, importance, and implications of various ophthalmic symptoms and signs resulting from atherosclerotic carotid artery disease.     

平板运动试验阳性的女性患者冠脉造影结果分析

目的 探讨女性平板运动试验(TET)假阳性的原因及颈动脉斑块检查对冠心病无创性诊断的意义.方法 对96例TET阳性的女性患者进行冠脉造影(CAG)及颈动脉斑块检查,对三种检查结果进行比较,回顾性分析女性患者出现平板运动试验假阳性的原因.结果 CAG证实为冠心病(CHD)58例(占60.4%),非CHD 38例(占39.6%);颈动脉斑块检查阳性者71.2%被证实为CHD,而阴性者仅36.7%被证实为CHD;非CHD 38例中临床最后诊断:心血管神经症20例,高血压病4例,单纯血脂异常4例,糖尿病3例,X综合征2例,高血压合并糖尿病2例,冠状动脉心肌桥2例,心尖部肥厚型心肌病1例.结论 平板运动试验假阳性与心血管神经症、X综合征、冠状动脉肌桥、高血压病、糖尿病等因素有关,心血管神经症为最常见病因.TET结合颈动脉斑块检查可显著提高冠心病无创性检查的诊断率.     

Outcomes of Carotid Revascularization in Patients with Contralateral Carotid Artery Occlusion

1. Download : Download high-res image (331KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

     

Delayed pseudoaneurysm formation of the carotid artery following the oral cavity injury in a child: A case report

BACKGROUNDAn impalement injury of the oral cavity is a common traumatic injury in children. In most cases, it is not accompanied by sequelae, but if foreign body residues are not found due to a minor injury, they may result in inflammatory responses and delayed vascular injuries in the surrounding tissues. Without early diagnosis and appropriate initial management, residual foreign bodies can cause serious complications and even mortality in some cases. CASE SUMMARYA 9-year-old boy suffered an intra-oral injury by a wooden chopstick, and the patient was discharged from the hospital after receiving conservative treatment for the injury. However, the patient was readmitted to the hospital due to intra-oral bleeding, and since neck hematoma and right internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm formation were detected on computed tomography, emergency surgery was performed. A remnant fragment of a wooden chopstick was found during the operation, and a delayed rupture of the internal carotid artery caused by the foreign body was also found.CONCLUSIONThe failure of early detection and diagnosis of a residual foreign body may result in delayed vascular rupture.     

健康人动脉结构及功能改变与室间隔厚度的相关性研究

目的 研究健康人中动脉结构和功能改变与心室间隔厚度的关系.方法 以颈动脉内膜中层厚度( IMT)和肱动脉血流介导的血管舒张反应(FMD)二指标反应动脉结构和功能改变.采用超声多普勒测定68例健康人(男16人,女52人)的IMT、FMD和室间隔厚度( IVST).结果 健康人中IVST与IMT呈正相关(r=0.394,P=-0.001),与FMD呈负相关(r=0.337,P＜ 0.01),IVST也与年龄和收缩压呈正相关.以IVST为因变量的多因素回归分析显示,IMT和FMD是其独立影响因素.结论 健康人中IMT、FMD和IVST相关,动脉结构和功能改变影响心室间隔厚度.