Cardiovascular risk factor profile on a population basis: Results from the Lipid Study Leipzig (LSL)

Population-based lipid screening studies were initiated in the city of Leipzig, Germany, and included more than 30,000 subjects. The objectives of the Lipid Study Leipzig (LSL) were to evaluate the cardiovascular risk factor profile and its dependence on age, nutrition and social factors. In addition, the study results were compared with those of other population-based studies, and the development of cardiovascular risk factors over a 10-year period was evaluated. LSL data were obtained from subjects recruited at community centres, work sites, schools and the University of Leipzig, Germany. Capillary blood cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels were measured using the Reflotron dry-chemistry system (Roche Diagnostics, Germany). Study data also included blood pressure, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and the evaluation of dietary and lifestyle factors. The results of LSL show an age-dependent increase in cardiovascular risk, which may have been partly preventable. Furthermore, LSL showed an improvement in cardiovascular risk, with respect to plasma cholesterol, over the past 10 years in men and women older than 30 and 50 years, respectively. The known age dependence of total cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol is less pronounced for those following a healthy lifestyle and for vegetarians. This suggests that the age-dependent rise of these parameters is partly preventable.     

冠状动脉变异的64层螺旋CT成像与诊断

目的:总结大样本病例64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像中发现的冠状动脉变异类型及数量,为临床诊治提供依据,积累冠状动脉活体形态学资料,提高对冠状动脉变异的认识。方法:对694例受检者进行心脏冠脉成像检查,并对其图像进行回顾性分析。结果:694例受检者中,44例发现4种不同类型冠状动脉变异,占总数6.34%。其中副冠状动脉33例,RCA起源于左窦2例,LCX起源于右窦7例,左冠状动脉开口异常2例。结论:64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像可以无创观察冠状动脉解剖及变异,为临床治疗提供依据。对冠状动脉细小分支的显示及对冠状动脉变异的认识有待提高。     

Influence of peripheral afferents on cortical and spinal motoneuron excitability.

The objective of this study was to establish to what extent muscle, cutaneous, and joint afferents alter the excitability of spinal and cortical motor neurons. This question was examined by studying the impact of electrical stimulation of the second and third digits, the median nerve at the wrist, and the recurrent thenar motor branch on the F/H and magneto-electrical cortical motor responses (MEPs) of the thenar muscles. The firing frequencies of single F/H motor unit action potentials were unaltered by the foregoing conditioning peripheral stimuli. MEPs conditioned by motor threshold stimulation of the median nerve at the wrist or the recurrent motor branch were significantly increased in size at conditioning to test intervals of 50 to 80 milliseconds. No significant change in MEP size resulted from conditioning stimulation of the digital nerves. We conclude that muscle afferents were primarily responsible for the increase in MEP size. Conditioning stimuli may allow examiners to assess central motor conduction where it would otherwise be impossible.     

T cell responses to orbital antigens in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is most likely to be a T cell-mediated disease, in which cytokines released in the extraocular muscles activate fibroblasts, increasing glycosaminoglycan production. The nature of the orbital antigen recognized by the infiltrating T cells is unclear, although it is possible that there is cross-reactivity between this and a thyroid autoantigen to explain the close association with thyroid autoimmunity. We have tested the ability of human and porcine eye muscle antigen preparations to stimulate proliferation of circulating T cells from healthy subjects and patients with TAO or Graves' disease without clinical TAO. Occasional responses were seen, particularly after depletion of CD8+ T cells, and two out of 10 TAO patients responded to eye muscle proteins of 25-50 kD after fractionation of antigens on gels and subsequent elution. There was no disease-specific response of T cells to R1, R14, D1 and 1D3, recombinant proteins identified from screening an eye muscle cDNA library with sera from patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. We have also found that interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production by T cells from TAO patients was not stimulated by eye muscle membrane antigens or by 1D3. These results suggest that the frequency of circulating T cells responding to eye muscle antigens in TAO is low, and that several candidate orbital antigens, including the 64-kD protein 1D3, are unlikely to be important T cell autoantigens in this condition.     

钩藤碱对心血管系统部分药理作用研究

探讨钩藤碱对钙离子的拮抗作用以及对脑血流量和氧消耗的作用。方法观察钩藤碱对豚鼠心肌的兴奋性、功能性不应期、正阶梯现象的作用，以及对去甲肾上腺素诱发的兔主动脉条Ⅰ、Ⅱ相收缩的作用，同时观察钩藤碱对小鼠氧消耗和大鼠脑血流量的影响。结果钩藤碱能提高心肌兴奋性，延长功能性不应期，抑制正阶梯现象和兔主动脉条Ⅰ、Ⅱ相收缩；减慢小鼠氧消耗速度，对大鼠脑血流量无影响。结论钩藤碱具有许多钙拮抗剂的共同特点，提示其在抗心律失常方面会有一定作用。     

延髓腹外侧区在调节呼吸和心血管系统中的作用

现已知延髓腹外侧区在呼吸调节和心血管调节中起着重要作用．延髓腹外侧区有两个重要的血管运动中枢，称为头侧和尾侧血管运动中枢．参与呼吸调节的中枢化学感受器位于延髓腹外侧区浅表部位；延髓腹外侧区还参与中枢和外周化学感受器的传入冲动的整合．文章对一些最重要的有争论的观点作一综述     

心血管外科术后急性肾功能衰竭的处理

目的：总结两组心血管外科术后急性肾功能衰竭病例的治疗经验，提出心血管外科术后急性肾功能衰竭的特点、早期诊断标准及处理原则。方法：１７例心血管外科术后急性肾功能衰竭病例，以入院先后分为两组。第１组８例，第２组９例。回顾第１组病例的急性肾功能衰竭的治疗经验，总结腹膜透析、血液透析和血液滤过的优缺点。在第２组病例治疗中，以急性肾功能衰竭的早期诊断为前题，早期开始腹膜透析。同时，强调综合治疗的重要性。结果：第１组病例均死亡。第２组病例，７例存活（７８％）。结论：心血管外科术后急性肾功能衰竭的早期诊断和早期肾功能替代疗法，是治疗成败的关键。腹膜透析简便易行，在急性肾功能衰竭的早期开始腹膜透析，可以收到良好效果，并以此作为心血管外科术后急性肾功能衰竭的首选肾功能替代疗法。