小鼠深静脉血栓形成及再通模型的建立和评价

目的 建立和评价小鼠深静脉血栓形成及再通模型.方法 采用C57/BL6小鼠,用环形结扎不完全阻断下腔静脉并用微血管夹钳夹损伤静脉壁的方法 诱导深静脉血栓形成.于术后第7、14天行血管造影观察血栓再通情况;取从结扎处到髂总静脉分叉的下腔静脉和血栓,计算质量长度比,测定血栓面积;测定尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物(u-PA)、基质金属蛋白酶(PAI-1)及纤溶酶原激活物抑制因子(MMP)-2、MMP-9的mRNA和蛋白水平的表达.结果 术后第7天,80%小鼠完全性下腔静脉血栓、20%再通;术后第14天,90%小鼠血栓再通.与术后第7天比较,术后第14天血栓面积缩小80%,质量长度比减小40.7%(P＜0.05).与对照组比,u-PA术后第7、14天表达增强,而第14天表达低于第7天(P＜0.05);PAI-1、MMP-2和MMP-9术后第7、14天表达逐渐增强.结论 用环形结扎不完全阻断下腔静脉并用微血管夹钳夹损伤静脉壁的方法 可成功诱导小鼠深静脉血栓形成.研究纤溶系统和MMPs系统可分别选取术后第7、14天前后的时间点为宜.     

Ligamentotaxis for complex calcaneal fractures using Joshi's external stabilization system

Background:

Controversies exist in the literature regarding the management of complex fractures of the calcaneum. We evaluated a series of complex fractures of the calcaneum managed by ligamentotaxis using Joshi''s external stabilization system (JESS) for its efficacy.

Materials and Methods:

Forty-five patients having complex (comminuted, intra-articular fracture with compromised soft tissue condition) fractures of the calcaneum, who were treated by external fixator (JESS) based on the principle of ligamentotaxis. The gradual distraction was done to bring the articular margins together to maintain both alpha and beta angles to near normal range. Thirteen (28.9%) patients underwent additional corticocancellous bone grafting with elevation of posterior facet. All patients were evaluated for their functional outcomes by American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle society (AOFAS) Score for the ankle and hind foot. Mean duration of follow-up was 20.5 months.

Results:

Forty-two (93.4%) of our patients did well with the ligamentotaxis. On evaluating final outcomes by AOFAS, approximately 71% of cases showed good results. Eleven patients (24.4%) complained of persistent heel pain in the long-term follow-up. Out of these, eight (17.8%) patients were those who had severe comminution with almost total loss of calcaneal height. The origin of heel pain was not the subtalar joint in all of these patients.On long-term follow-up none of these patients suffered from such severe pain so as to compel them to change the nature of their activity.

Conclusion:

We conclude that ligamentotaxis by JESS provides a viable and user-friendly alternative method of management of these complex calcaneal fractures.     

Optimal state filtering and parameter identification for linear systems

This paper presents the optimal filtering and parameter identification problem for linear stochastic systems with unknown multiplicative and additive parameters over linear observations, where unknown parameters are considered Wiener processes. The original problem is reduced to the filtering problem for an extended state vector that incorporates parameters as additional states. The obtained optimal filter for the extended state vector also serves as the optimal identifier for the unknown parameters. Performance of the designed optimal state filter and parameter identifier is verified for both stable and unstable linear uncertain systems. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

河南省医用加速器多叶光栅小野输出因子验证测量方法研究

目的 调查放射治疗计划系统(TPS)计算的多叶光栅(MLC)小野输出因子,研究用0.015 cc电离室验证小野输出因子的测量方法。方法 在河南省选择8台可开展调强放射治疗的医用加速器,调查TPS计算的小野输出因子并与国际原子能机构(IAEA)推荐的出版值进行比。如果2 cm×2 cm照射野相对偏差超出IAEA要求的±3%,3 cm×3 cm、4 cm×4 cm、6 cm×6 cm照射野相对偏差超出IAEA要求的±2%,则用0.015 cc电离室和Unidos剂量仪进行测量验证。结果8台医用加速器的TPS计算小野输出因子与出版值比较,5台相对偏差符合IAEA要求,占调查总台数的62.5%,3台相对偏差超过IAEA要求,占调查总台数的37.5%。用针尖电离室测量验证,3台测量结果均符合IAEA要求。结论 河南省部分医用加速器TPS计算的MLC小野输出因子,需要现场实施小电离室测量修正,测量值作为制定放射治疗计划的依据。     

菌（毒）种保藏管理信息系统的研究与开发

目的：为了最大程度地提高菌（毒）种保藏机构的管理效率及质量,建立一套菌（毒）种保藏管理信息系统。方法采用C／S架构,以Visual Basic6．0、SQL Server2000为开发平台,结合E-R模型第三范式建立了菌（毒）种信息数据库,应用面向对象的语言程序进行了系统开发。结果总结了系统需要的硬件设备,构建了菌（毒）种信息管理、科研项目管理、人员管理、系统维护等功能模块,在平台界面和数据库均设置了访问权限,最大限度地保证菌（毒）种信息安全。结论该信息系统实现了菌（毒）种从入库、分类、保存、领取、备案等的信息化流程管理,有机整合了保藏机构的各种资源,提高了菌（毒）种的管理效率,保障了菌（毒）种信息安全。     

DHSA与DHS治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效比较

目的比较动力髋螺旋导片系统(DHSA)与动力髋螺钉(DHS)在治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折中的近期疗效。方法对2011年1月—2013年1月间在我科治疗的68例65岁以上股骨粗隆间骨折患者,随访12~35(23.5±2.3)个月。68例中DHS组37例,DHSA组31例。比较两组患者术前基本情况及术中平均手术时间、平均出血量、术后内固定有否切出股骨头、术后骨折平均愈合时间、术后12个月时髋关节Harris评分。结果两组患者的术前一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);所有病例在随访时间内未发现感染。DHSA组无骨折不愈合、无刀片切出股骨头,DHSA组术中出血量少、手术时间短,骨折愈合快,术后12个月Harris评分明显高于DHS组(P<0.05)。结论 DHSA与DHS均可实现老年股骨粗隆间骨折的良好固定,而DHSA固定技术具有手术创伤小,内固定物可填压松质骨,切出率低,抗旋转,固定可靠,对于骨质疏松性股骨粗隆间骨折患者更加合理、有效。     

T1ρ MRI of human musculoskeletal system

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers the direct visualization of the human musculoskeletal (MSK) system, especially all diarthrodial tissues including cartilage, bone, menisci, ligaments, tendon, hip, synovium, etc. Conventional MRI techniques based on T₁‐ and T₂‐weighted, proton density (PD) contrast are inconclusive in quantifying early biochemically degenerative changes in MSK system in general and articular cartilage in particular. In recent years, quantitative MR parameter mapping techniques have been used to quantify the biochemical changes in articular cartilage, with a special emphasis on evaluating joint injury, cartilage degeneration, and soft tissue repair. In this article we focus on cartilage biochemical composition, basic principles of T_1ρ MRI, implementation of T_1ρ pulse sequences, biochemical validation, and summarize the potential applications of the T_1ρ MRI technique in MSK diseases including osteoarthritis (OA), anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, and knee joint repair. Finally, we also review the potential advantages, challenges, and future prospects of T_1ρ MRI for widespread clinical translation. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:586–600. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.