Complications when using threaded K-wire fixation for displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures

A retrospective chart review was performed on patients treated at a level one trauma centre for displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures by a single trauma surgeon between January 1998 and July 2007. Patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation utilising the extended lateral incision and a new type of fixation not described before. Threaded 1.575 mm (0.062 in.) Kirschner wires (K-wires) were used for fixation post-operatively along with standard plates, screws and bone substitute.There were 278 fractures in 246 patients that were treated with ORIF for displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures during this 9-year period. Standard calcaneal lateral approach and hardware was supplemented with percutaneous threaded K-wires. An average of 5.0 fully threaded 1.575 mm K-wires were inserted per calcaneal fracture. Five (1.8%) patients had a K-wire infection; 0.6% of all K-wires became infected and 3.1% of K-wires broke.Lateral calcaneal apical wound issues are minimised and patients experience an overall low complication rate. The fixation also ensures non-weightbearing compliance.     

丁苯肽软胶囊对大鼠急性脑缺血再灌注损伤脑组织含水及含钙量的影响

目的 研究丁苯肽软胶囊对大鼠急性脑缺血再灌注损伤脑组织含水量及含钙量的影响.方法 选取健康SD大鼠60只,按照随机数字表随机分为6组,采用4血管法造脑缺血再灌注损伤模型,给药组分别给予不同剂量的丁苯肽软胶囊和复方丹参注射液,观察丁苯肽软胶囊对大鼠急性脑缺血再灌注损伤脑组织含水量及含钙量的影响.结果 丁苯肽软胶囊高剂量组可降低大鼠急性脑缺血再灌注损伤脑组织含水量（75.60%）及含钙量（114.53 pg/g）;中剂量组降低大鼠急性脑缺血再灌注损伤脑组织含水量（80.03%）,降低大鼠急性脑缺血再灌注损伤脑组织含钙量（132.33 pg/g）;低剂量组对大鼠急性脑缺血再灌注损伤脑组织含水量（73.93）及含钙量（106.35 pg/g）有降低趋势,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 丁苯肽软胶囊能降低大鼠急性脑缺血再灌注损伤脑组织含水量及含钙量,具有脑保护作用.     

Hábitos saludables y prevención de la osteoporosis en mujeres perimenopáusicas de un ámbito rural

ObjectiveThe probability of developing osteoporosis decreases with an adequate supply of vitamin D, a balanced diet, and increased physical activity. In this study, we evaluated whether an educational intervention improves osteoporosis-related behavior in perimenopausal women from rural areas.MethodsA randomized experimental evaluation was performed of an educational intervention. The variables were physical activity, calcium intake and sun exposure in women from rural areas aged 45-54 years (n = 216) at time 0 and 12 months after the educational intervention. In the control group (n = 106), the information was sent by surface mail (month 0). In the intervention group (n = 110), two interactive workshops were given (month 0). The topic of the workshops and the information sent by surface mail was healthy habits for osteoporosis prevention.ResultsAfter 12 months, the intervention group, but not the control group, had increased their physical activity (p = 0.006), sun exposure (p = 0.029), and calcium intake (53% to 64%).ConclusionA simple educational intervention in perimenopausal women from rural areas improved healthy habits for osteoporosis prevention.     

胆结石对肝脏细胞钙稳态影响与调整的实验研究

用低蛋白饮食方法建立豚鼠胆色素结石模型，共设对照、致石、维生素Ｃ修复、丹参修复和对照修复等５组，规定时间内处死动物，用放射免疫、固相酶联免疫、生物化学等方法检测肝细胞内环—磷酸腺甙（ｃＡＭＰ）、环—磷酸鸟嘌呤（ｃＧＭＰ）、钙调素（ＣａＭ）、钙，三磷酸腺甙酶（Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ）、磷酸化酶ａ等水平。致石组豚鼠肝脏细胞内ｃＡＭＰ和磷酸化酶ａ升高，而ｃＧＭＰ，ＣａＭ和Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ下降，表明肝细胞钙稳态呈失调状态。维生素Ｃ和丹参可调整肝细胞的上述改变，说明维生素Ｃ和丹参具有维持肝细胞钙稳态的作用。     

维拉帕米对链脲佐菌素诱导糖尿病大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响及机制

目的 观察维拉帕米(Ver)对糖尿病大鼠心肌缺血再灌注(L/R)后心功能,细胞内[Ca2+]i及L-型钙电流(ICa-L)影响,探讨其防治糖尿病心肌I/R损伤的作用和机制.方法 链脲佐菌素诱导糖尿病大鼠后的第6～14周龄给予Ver(8 mg·kg-1·d-1)灌胃,Langendorff系统复制大鼠心肌I/R模型,观察不同实验组的心功能变化,双酶法急性分离各组心肌细胞,激光扫描共聚焦显微镜加Fluo-3/AM荧光染色技术和全细胞膜片钳技术分别观察心肌细胞内Ca2+荧光强度和ICa-L大小.结果 (1)与糖尿病组相比,Ver糖尿病组的左心室发展压(91.3±4.6)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133kPa)、舒张末压(1535±280)mm Hg、收缩压最大上升速率(5833±256)mm Hg/s、冠状动脉流量(13.7±0.9)ml/min均明显增加(P<0.01),收缩压最大下降速率(3504±319)mm Hg/s明显减少(P<0.01).(2)Ver糖尿病组心肌细胞内Ca2+荧光强度(155.6±10.9)nmol/L与糖尿病组(245.2±17.5)nmoL/L相比明显减弱(P<0.01).(3)当指令电位为+20 mV时,Ver糖尿病组心肌细胞ICa-L为(-6.81±0.76)pA/pF,与正常对照组[(-8.17±2.07)pA/pF]相比减小(P<0.05),与糖尿病组[(-3.21±0.54)pA/pF]相比增加(P<0.01),与Ver对照组[(-7.14±2.17)pA/pF]相比减少(P>0.05).Ver糖尿病组的I-V曲线显著低于糖尿病组,最大峰值在+20 mV.结论 Ver可以明显改善I/R损伤引起的糖尿病大鼠心功能下降,其机制可能是Ver调控心肌细胞膜上ICa-L内流大小,优化心肌细胞内[Ca2+]i平衡,避免I/R时心肌细胞内Ca2+超载.     

细胞内钙离子在高温诱导海马神经元凋亡中的作用机制

目的探讨Ca2+在高温诱导海马神经元凋亡中的作用,为丹曲林钠在热致脑损伤疾病中的应用提供实验依据。方法通过体外建立高温诱导原代培养的海马神经元凋亡模型,应用Ca2+特异性阻断剂丹曲林钠,观察其对神经元凋亡率、细胞内Ca2+荧光强度及其动态变化的影响。结果丹曲林钠能够明显降低高温处理后海马神经元的凋亡率;42℃处理并加入丹曲林钠组的扫描结果显示,Ca2+荧光强度为107.35±6.0,较正常培养的细胞内Ca2+荧光强度(159.12±33.8)明显降低,加入丹曲林钠20～25s后Ca2+浓度即开始下降,约50s后下降至最低值,然后稳定于低于原来基线的水平。结论丹曲林钠在高温诱导的海马神经细胞凋亡中具有重要的保护作用,在预防热致脑损伤疾病中具有一定的应用价值。     

The Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Some Nutritional Values of Vegetable Amaranth Sold in Nairobi-Kenya

Twenty one major supermarkets and ten independent green grocers in the city of Nairobi were surveyed for types of vegetable amaranths sold and their post harvest handling. The nutrient composition of the vegetables was also analyzed. In addition, information on three other traditional leafy vegetables (TLVs) namely, Cleome gynandra, Solanum nigrum, and Vigna unguiculata was obtained. All the vegetables were sold in bundles of average weight 0.45 kg. The edible fraction per bundle averaged 38.9%. Chemical analyses showed that vegetable amaranth had a moisture content of 85.5%, therefore a dry matter content of 14.5%. Expressed on dry matter basis, the mean total ash content was 19.2%, crude protein content 26.1% and the crude fiber content 14.7%. The mean ascorbic acid content was 627 mg/100 g, zinc content 5.5m g/100 g and iron content 18 mg/100 g. The men nitrate content was 732.5 mg/100 g, total oxalates 5830 mg/100 g and soluble oxalates 3650 mg/100 g, while the lead content averaged 1.03 mg/100 g. The study concludes that vegetable amaranth has potential as popular vegetable in the diets of Kenyans to significantly contribute to provision of micronutrients, particularly iron and zinc.     

氢氧化钙糊剂在儿童乳牙根管治疗中的应用

目的观察氢氧化钙糊剂与樟脑酚液在根管封药中的临床疗效;总结氢氧化钙糊剂的临床适应证,为临床提供参考。方法将口腔科就诊的110例140颗患牙随机分为实验组（氢氧化钙糊荆）与对照组（樟脑酚液）。结果观察组有效率为92．10％,明显高于对照组的62．50％,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论氢氧化钙糊剂根管封药缓解临床叩痛疗效明显,抗菌效果较樟脑酚液效果好,且具有收敛性、不致敏性、药效持久等优点,可替代酚类消毒药物。     

磷酸钙骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉对骨质疏松性椎体骨折的临床意义

目的 :评价磷酸钙骨水泥 (calciumphosphatecement ,CPC)强化和修复椎弓根螺钉的生物力学效果。方法 :6具新鲜老人骨质疏松的脊柱标本 ,从T11～L4 共 36个椎体 ,随机选取其中 32个 ,分为 4组 ,每组 8个。A组 :随机选择一侧椎弓根放置直径为 6 .5mm的椎弓根螺钉 ,另一侧以直径为 3.5mm的钻头导孔。向两侧椎弓根孔道注入配制好的磷酸钙骨水泥 (CPC) 3～ 5ml ,体温下 ( 37℃ )放置 2 4h后 ,再行前述拔出实验。B组 :应用PMMA进行修复和强化 ,作为对照 ,操作方法同A组。C组 :植入椎弓根螺钉 ,添加或不添加CPC ,进行周期抗屈实验。D组 :相同方法 ,应用PMMA作为对照。结果 :CPC骨水泥强化组和修复组拔出力明显高于对照组 ,差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5)。结论 :在植入椎弓根螺钉时添加具有生物活性的磷酸钙 (CPC)骨水泥可显著提高其初始稳定性     

Development and validation of a food frequency questionnaire for assessing dietary calcium intake in the general population

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for assessing dietary calcium intake in the general population, since all available questionnaires at present are age- and/or gender-specific. A total of 1001 individuals (including children, adults, and elderly people of both genders) were randomly recruited throughout Greece. Estimates of calcium intake from the 30-item FFQ were compared with those from a multi-pass 24-h recall. The FFQ underestimated mean calcium intake compared to the 24-h recall by (mean±SD) –133±333 mg/day or –5.4±47.6% (P<0.001). The two methods were strongly correlated (r=0.639, P<0.001), but the 95% limits of agreement for individual assessment were rather wide, as the FFQ could provide estimates of calcium intake from 533 mg/day above to 799 mg/day below the 24-h recall. Actual values for surrogate FFQ quartiles manifested a progressive increase, with significant differences between mean calcium intakes (P<0.001). The FFQ could identify individuals who consumed less calcium than 800 mg/day or less than the age-specific adequate intake with a relatively high sensitivity (82.8 and 95.5%, respectively), but low specificity (54.9 and 34.1%, respectively). Cross-classification analysis indicated that only 17 subjects (1.7%) were grossly misclassified (lowest quartile for one method and highest quartile for the other), while 827 subjects (82.6%) were correctly classified (into the same or adjacent quartiles). The FFQ could be used in population-based epidemiological studies or screening programs involving individuals of all ages and both genders, where the discrimination of subjects with relatively low (<500 mg/day) and relatively high (>1000 mg/day) calcium intakes is of primary interest. Results, however, do not support its use for the quantitative assessment of individual calcium intakes.