Effect of interaction between phenolic compounds and copper ion on antioxidant and pro-oxidant activities

Phenolic compounds are widely used in food and cosmetics to prevent undesirable oxidation. On the other hand, phenolic compounds are also strong reducing agents and under in vitro conditions and in the presence of copper ion, they can act as pro-oxidants. In this study, we conducted electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements for the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) in relation to their structure and interaction with transition metals. Moreover, the antioxidant activity was assessed with the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, and the pro-oxidant effect of phenolic compounds on DNA damage was assessed by measuring 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), which is effectively formed during oxidative damage. In conclusion, ortho-dihydroxyl groups that can chelate with Cu²⁺ induce the greatest pro-oxidant activity. Moreover, the interaction between phenolic compounds and copper induced to H₂O₂. The obtained results indicated that ROS participated in oxidative DNA damage induced by phenolic compounds in the presence of Cu²⁺.     

The long term physical consequences of gastroschisis

Purpose

To determine the progress, physical and metabolic outcomes of gastroschisis survivors.

Methods

Fifty children born with gastroschisis were assessed with a health questionnaire, physical assessment, bone density and nutritional blood parameters at a median age of 9 years (range 5–17).

Results

After initial abdominal closure, 27/50 (54%) required additional surgical interventions. Ten (20%) children had complex gastroschisis (CG). Abdominal pain was common: weekly in 41%; and requiring hospitalization in 30%. The weight, length and head circumference z-scores improved by a median 0.88 (p = 0.001), 0.56 (p = 0.006) and 0.74 (p = 0.018) of a standard deviation (SD) respectively from birth; 24% were overweight or obese at follow up. However, those with CG had significantly lower median weight z-scores (− 0.43 v 0.49, p = 0.0004) and body mass index (BMI) (− 0.48 v 0.42, p = 0.001) at follow up compared to children with simple gastroschisis. Cholesterol levels were elevated in 24% of children. Bone mineral density was reassuring. There were 15 instances of low blood vitamin and mineral levels.

Conclusions

Although gastroschisis survival levels are high, many children have significant ongoing morbidity. Children with simple gastroschisis showed significant catch up growth and a quarter had become overweight.     

The influence of tobacco smoke exposure on selected markers of oxidative stress,kidneys and liver function in the serum of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes

BackgroundThe significance of the free radicals is emphasized in the pathophysiology of diabetes and the progression of chronic diabetic complications. Smoking cigarettes increases the risk of developing type II diabetes and intensifies pathophysiological processes during the development of type I diabetes. Tobacco smoke is also additional source of free radicals. Moreover, smoking causes variety of adverse effects on organs, that have no direct contact with the tobacco smoke itself. The objective of the study was to examine the effects of tobacco smoke on the serum concentrations of relevant oxidative stress markers such as total protein (TP), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), as well as renal (creatinine, urea) and liver function (alkaline phosphatase, ALP; alanine aminotransferase, ALT; aspartate aminotransferase, AST) among animals with induced diabetes after administration of a single dose of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg, ip).MethodsThe markers of oxidative stress and biochemical parameters were determined using spectrophotometric methods. As a biomarker of exposure to tobacco smoke, cotinine was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD).ResultsTobacco smoke exposure of diabetic rats was manifested by significantly elevated liver enzymes activity - ALT (p < 0.05) and ALP (p < 0.01), higher creatinine and urea concentration (p < 0.01), lower GSH amount (p < 0.05), and higher GST activity (p < 0.05).ConclusionsTobacco smoking induce liver and renal damage through the mechanisms including increased oxidative stress.     

Deep-Learning Language-Modeling Approach for Automated,Personalized, and Iterative Radiology-Pathology Correlation

PurposeRadiology-pathology correlation has long been foundational to continuing education, peer learning, quality assurance, and multidisciplinary patient care. The objective of this study was to determine whether modern deep-learning language-modeling techniques could reliably match pathology reports to pertinent radiology reports.MethodsThe recently proposed Universal Language Model Fine-Tuning for Text Classification methodology was used. Two hundred thousand radiology and pathology reports were used for adaptation to the radiology-pathology space. One hundred thousand candidate radiology-pathology pairs, evenly split into match and no-match categories, were used for training the final binary classification model. Matches were defined by a previous-generation artificial intelligence anatomic concept radiology-pathology correlation system.ResultsThe language model rapidly adapted very closely to the prior anatomic concept-matching approach, with 100% specificity, 65.1% sensitivity, and 73.7% accuracy. For comparison, the previous methodology, which was intentionally designed to be specific at the expense of sensitivity, had 98.0% specificity, 65.1% sensitivity, and 73.2% accuracy.ConclusionsModern deep-learning language-modeling approaches are promising for radiology-pathology correlation. Because of their rapid adaptation to underlying training labels, these models advance previous artificial intelligence work in that they can be continuously improved and tuned to improve performance and adjust to user and site-level preference.     

Effectiveness of the Pilates Method in the Treatment of Chronic Mechanical Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective

To assess the effectiveness of the Pilates method on pain, function, quality of life, and consumption of pain medication in patients with mechanical neck pain.

GFR评估方程在不同人群中应用的一致性评价

目的 采用pearson相关分析、Bland-Altman图及Bradley-Blackwood检验评价Cockcroft-Gault 方程(CG方程)和MDRD方程5估算肾小球滤过率(GFR)的相关性和一致性.方法 依据患者资料和临床诊断将纳入人群分为4组:健康人组、老年人组、单纯肥胖组和慢性肾脏病(CKD)组.碱性苦味酸法测定血清肌酐,CG方程和MDRD方程5计算GFR,在各组的估算结果 间进行简单相关分析和Bland-Altman分析,绘制一致性限度(limits of agreement)作为评价一致性的指标.同时,采用相同方法评价当血清肌酐水平发生较大变化时,两方程估算值变化的一致性.结果 两方程在不同人群的GFR估算值具有线性相关关系;Bland-Altman分析表明,不同人群中,两方程估算结果 差值具有临床意义,其估算GFR的一致性较差.并且,在病情发生变化时,运用不同方程估算GFR变化量间的差异不能被临床接受,一致性差.结论 CG方程和MDRD方程5估算GFR的一致性较差,估算结果 不具有等价性、可替代性,但估算值间具有相关性.     

用细菌hCG结合蛋白抗体对比研究大鼠睾丸LH/CG受体和细菌hCG结合蛋白

作者以嗜麦芽假单胞菌(简称细菌)hCG结合蛋白抗体为探针,对比研究细菌hCG结合蛋白和大鼠睾丸细胞膜LH/CG受体的免疫特性。结果前者特异沉淀[~(125)I]hCG与hCG结合蛋白结合复合物;后者亦获得相同的结果。以上结果表明,细菌hCG结合蛋白与大鼠睾丸LH/CG受体蛋白有相同抗原决定簇,抗体识别该受体hCG结合位点以外的抗原决定簇。     

A study on expert reading of patch test reactions: inter-individual accordance

To diagnose allergic or irritant contact dermatitis, a clinically relevant contact allergy has to be demonstrated or ruled out, respectively. Although patch testing has been used for 100 years, it remains the method of choice for diagnosing contact allergy. A disadvantage of patch testing is that reading is subjective, based on inspection and palpation of the test area, implying that the assessment is subject to the reader's knowledge and experience. This study was carried out to investigate the accordance in reading patch test reactions between 5 dermatologists. 4 groups, each with 10 patients, participated. Within each group, all 10 were allergic to one and the same sensitizer; nickel, epoxy resin, ethylenediamine, or Kathon CG. The sensitizers were tested in serial dilutions and applied randomly to the back. The tests were read independently by the dermatologists in a blinded fashion. A protocol was used where the dermatologists had to note the presence of the morphological features erythema, infiltration, papules, vesicles, and bullae. In this way, it was possible to allocate the various readings into 4 classification systems, 3 European and one American, although the definition of the various classifications might differ slightly. Based on the readings and classifications, it was possible to calculate the degree of accordance within the 4 systems used. It was also possible to analyze the degree of accordance for the various morphological features. Total accordance for the 5 reading dermatologists for positive and negative test reactions was noted in 36% and 46%, respectively. The 3 European systems require homogenous erythema and infiltration for a reaction to be classified as allergic, while the American system also requires the presence of papules. Therefore, a higher number of allergic reactions (9%) was obtained with the European systems. Between the 4 classification systems, there were statistically significant differences, with the highest number of deviations for the system in which papules had discriminatory significance. When looking at the various morphological features, papules were most difficult to assess, followed by vesicles. Preferably, a classification system should not depend on papules. In conclusion, there was good accordance among the dermatologists in reading patch test reactions, since the 5 dermatologists read 82% of all tests similarly.     

CG栓体外抗菌实验及毒性和刺激性实验

为测试复方阴道栓剂（CG栓）疗效及毒性和刺激性。方法：采用测定药物最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和家兔阴道接触药物实验法进行研究。结果：CG栓体外抗菌作用与其主药氛霉素相当或更好，对临床常见致病菌疗效明显，且无明显毒性及刺激性作用。结论：CG栓是一种较为安全有效的药物。