下颌管及其分支与下颌第三磨牙关系的影像学观察

目的:利用椎形束CT(CBCT)及全景片观察下颌管及其分支在下颌第三磨牙区域的情况。方法 :对179名患者的216颗第三磨牙进行CBCT及全景片检查。在全景片及CBCT上观察下颌管及其分支在第三磨牙区域走向及与第三磨牙的关系。结果:全景片上观察到有4例下颌管有分支,CBCT观察到有22例有分支;下颌管分支与第三磨牙的关系:A类有8例,B类有6例,C类有2例,D类有6例,其中,分支位于第三磨牙颊侧的有7例,舌侧的有6例,位于第三磨牙牙根下方的有9例。结论:利用CBCT可以对下颌管及下颌第三磨牙的空间位置进行更好地观察。CBCT对下颌管分支有更高的检出率。     

Comparison of transverse analysis between posteroanterior cephalogram and cone-beam computed tomography

Objectives:To evaluate maxillary and mandibular alveolar and basal bone widths using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to verify the correlation between CBCT images and posteroanterior (PA) cephalograms.Materials and Methods:The CBCT scans and PA cephalograms were obtained from 20 men (age range  =  24.0–29.1 years; mean age  =  27.2 years; SD  =  2.8 years) and 20 women (age range  =  20.3–28.1 years; mean age  =  26.4 years; SD  =  3.2 years) with normal occlusion. On CBCT images, maxillary and mandibular bone widths were measured at three posterior sites and five bone levels. The differences between maxillary and mandibular bone widths were calculated and compared with conventional transverse width of PA cephalograms.Results:Statistically significant differences in maxillary and mandibular bone widths were detected at different levels and sites. Bone widths were significantly increased from the alveolar crest toward the basal bone in the maxillary molar and mandibular second premolar and molar areas. A statistically significant correlation was only found between CBCT images and PA cephalograms for maxillomandibular width at the first molar area.Conclusion:The results of this study suggested that three-dimensional assessment of maxillomandibular width is mandatory for the transverse analysis.     

基于光学表面成像与锥形束CT结合的综合引导模式在头颈部肿瘤精确放疗中的研究

目的 探讨光学表面成像（OSI）Catalyst^TM系统与锥形束CT（CBCT）相结合用于引导头颈部肿瘤精确放疗的临床价值。方法 82名患者均来自四川大学华西医院2015年2月至2018年1月收治的需要进行头颈部肿瘤放射治疗的患者,其中45名患者使用OSI-CBCT综合引导放射治疗,37名患者CBCT独立引导治疗。每组患者在治疗疗程中均获得208次有效分次治疗;对综合引导治疗组与独立引导治疗组CBCT所得到的摆位误差数据进行统计学分析。结果 独立引导组CBCT扫描得出的分次间摆位误差平移方向x、y、z和旋转方向rx、ry、rz的结果（均值±标准差）分别为（0.19±1.01）mm、（0.29±1.36）mm、（-0.05±1.23）mm,（-0.05±0.65）°、（0.18±0.83）°、（-0.12±0.59）°;综合引导组OSI-CBCT得出的分次间摆位误差的结果分别为（0±1） mm、（0.01±0.98） mm、（-0.4±1.08） mm,（-0.03±0.72）°、（-0.19±0.82）°、（-0.37±0.85）°。两系统的相关性系数分别为：0.17、0.07、0.03、0.1、-0.06、0.01。两系统进行配对样本t检验,结果分别为（0.19±1.3） mm,P<0.05;（0.28±1.62） mm, P<0.05;（0.35±1.62） mm, P<0.05;（-0.03±0.92）°, P>0.05;（0.37±1.2）°, P<0.05、（0.25±1.03）°, P<0.05。结论 OSI-CBCT系统综合引导模式在保证放疗精确性的同时可以减少CBCT扫描次数,能有效降低CBCT带来的额外辐射量,在头颈部肿瘤放疗中优于传统的单一的CBCT引导模式。     

上颌第二磨牙牙根根管数目的CBCT影像学观察

目的：利用锥形束CT（CBCT cone beam computed tomography）三维影像对上颌第二磨牙的解剖形态进行观察分析,明确其变异性,指导临床根管治疗。方法：对来我院老年牙髓牙体病科就诊的患者进行CBCT扫描与二次重建后,对上颌第二磨牙解剖结构观察分析。结果：CBCT检查老年患者265人,上颌第二磨牙435颗。在轴位影像和3D影像上根据牙根、根管以及牙根、根管的变异性共分为8种类型。单根单根管2.30%;1根2根管7.35%;1根3根管9.20%;2根2根管3.91%;2根3根管19.54%;3根3根管38.6%;MB217.5%;4根4根管2.29%。结论：上颌第二磨牙根的数目、根管的数目以及解剖形态变异性非常大,CBCT影像为临床根管治疗等提供了可靠的依据。     

Reliability of the bony anatomy in image-guided stereotactic radiotherapy of brain metastases

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether the position of brain metastases remains stable between planning and treatment in cranial stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eighteen patients with 20 brain metastases were treated with single-fraction (17 lesions) or hypofractionated (3 lesions) image-guided SRT. Median time interval between planning and treatment was 8 days. Before treatment a cone-beam CT (CBCT) and a conventional CT after application of i.v. contrast were acquired. Setup errors using automatic bone registration (CBCT) and manual soft-tissue registration of the brain metastases (conventional CT) were compared. RESULTS: Tumor size was not significantly different between planning and treatment. The three-dimensional setup error (mean +/- SD) was 4.0 +/- 2.1 mm and 3.5 +/- 2.2 mm according to the bony anatomy and the lesion itself, respectively. A highly significant correlation between automatic bone match and soft-tissue registration was seen in all three directions (r >/= 0.88). The three-dimensional distance between the isocenter according to bone match and soft-tissue registration was 1.7 +/- 0.7 mm, maximum 2.8 mm. Treatment of intracranial pressure with steroids did not influence the position of the lesion relative to the bony anatomy. CONCLUSION: With a time interval of approximately 1 week between planning and treatment, the bony anatomy of the skull proved to be an excellent surrogate for the target position in image-guided SRT.     

Periapical Radiography versus Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Endodontic Disease Detection: A Free-response,Factorial Study

AimTo assess and compare reader performance in interpreting digital periapical (PA) radiography and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in endodontic disease detection, using a free-response, factorial model.Materials and MethodsA reader performance study of 2 image test sets was undertaken using a factorial, free-response design, accounting for the independent variables: case type, case severity, reader type, and imaging modality. Twenty-two readers interpreted 60 PA and 60 CBCT images divided into 5 categories: diseased–subtle, diseased–moderate, diseased–obvious, nondiseased–subtle, and nondiseased–obvious. Lesion localization fraction, specificity, false positive (FP) marks, and the weighted alternative free-response receiver operating characteristic figure of merit were calculated.ResultsCBCT had greater specificity than PA in the obvious nondiseased cases (P = .01) and no significant difference in the subtle nondiseased category. Weighted alternative free-response receiver operating characteristic values were higher for PA than CBCT in the subtle diseased (P = .02) and moderate diseased (P = .01) groups with no significant difference between in the obvious diseased groups. CBCT had higher mean FPs than PA (P < .05) in subtle diseased cases. Mean lesion localization fraction in the moderate diseased group was higher in PA than CBCT (P = .003). No relationships were found between clinical experience and all diagnostic performance measures, except for in the obvious diseased CBCT group, where increasing experience was associated mean FP marks (P = .04).ConclusionsReader performance in the detection of endodontic disease is better with PA radiography than CBCT. Clinical experience does not impact upon the accuracy of interpretation of both PA radiography and CBCT.     

Preoperative Diagnostic for Palatal Implants: Is CT or CBCT Necessary?

Objective: To evaluate (a) the diagnostic value of lateral radiographs and (b) whether computed tomography (CT) or cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is necessary in preoperative diagnostics for orthodontic anchorage implants. Patients and Methods: We reviewed all patients who had presented for insertion of a palatal implant between January 2003 and December 2007 at the University Hospital Mainz. On the basis of lateral radiographs, the palatal bone was assessed as follows: (a) sufficient (bone height > 4 mm in the implant axis), (b) ambiguous, or (c) insufficient (bone height < 4 mm in the implant axis). In group A the surgical insertion procedure was performed without further radiological investigation. Group C required other types of anchorage. In cases of an ambiguous bone situation (group B), further diagnostic procedures (CT/CBCT) were performed. Results: During the observation period, 105 patients were screened. Fourteen patients opted for alternative treatment leaving 91 patients for final evaluation. In 89 patients (97.8%), the lateral radiographs showed sufficient bone in the vertical dimension. In all of these cases, the availability of sufficient bone was confirmed intraoperatively. Further investigations were performed in two patients (2.2%) of group B (one CT, one CBCT). Finally, one patient had insufficient bone whereas the second had sufficient bone. Conclusions: Nearly 98% of the patients included in this study had sufficient bone for palatal implant insertion. Lateral radiographs permit correct and reliable evaluation of the quantity of bone in preoperative diagnosis of palatal implants. Additional imaging (CT or CBCT) is only required in rare cases of borderline dimensions.     

Three-dimensional analysis of molar compensation in patients with facial asymmetry and mandibular prognathism

Objective:To evaluate the characteristic transverse dental compensations in patients with facial asymmetry and mandibular prognathism and to compare features of dental compensations between two types of mandibular asymmetry using 3-dimensional (3D) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Materials and Methods:Seventy-eight adult patients with skeletal Class I (control group; n  =  33; 19 men and 14 women) or skeletal Class III with facial asymmetry (experimental group; n  =  45; 23 men and 22 women) were included. The experimental group was subdivided into two groups according to the type of mandibular asymmetry: translation type (T-type; n  =  20) and roll type (R-type; n  =  19). CBCT images were acquired before orthodontic treatment and 3D analyses were performed.Results:The transverse dental distance was significantly different between the two groups only at the palatal root apex of the maxillary first molar (P < .05). In the experimental group, the first molar axes were compensated significantly on both arches except the maxillary nondeviated side. The vertical molar heights were different between the two groups only on the maxillary arch (P < .001). The R-type showed greater mandibular ramal length difference and menton deviation than the T-type (P < .001). In the R-type, transverse compensation of the maxillary first molars was more obvious than with the T-type, which resulted in canting in the maxillary occlusal plane.Conclusions:Mandibular asymmetry with prognathism showed a characteristic transverse dental compensation pattern. The mandibular asymmetry type influenced the amount and direction of molar compensation on the maxillary arch.