Personality,stress and coping in intensive care nurses: a descriptive exploratory study

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between personality traits, perception of workplace stress and coping among intensive care unit (ICU) nurses. Background: Research has indicated that ICUs are stressful environments. There is a tendency for research studies to investigate causes of stress and ways of coping, but few studies, particularly in recent years, have considered the personality traits of the staff who thrive in this challenging environment, the work stress they perceive and the coping strategies they use. Method: A convenience sample of critical care nurses (n = 46) completed three standardised questionnaires during September 2007: the revised NEO personality inventory (NEO‐PI‐R); the nurses stress scale (NSI) and the Brief Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced (COPE) scale. Findings: ICU nurses did not perceive their workplaces to be stressful. Certain personality traits, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness, were associated with problem‐solving coping strategies such as active planning and reframing. Openness and extraversion were associated with less perceived stress from the ‘patients and relatives' dimension of the NSI; there were also negative correlations between conscientiousness and the ‘workload stress' and stress from lack of ‘confidence and competence’ dimensions of the NSI. Conclusion: Certain personality traits may have a buffering effect on workplace stress. Pre‐employment screening to identify staff that exhibit personality and coping traits associated with low perceived stress may be considered as part of the recruitment strategy to address problems relating to stress, sickness and retention. Relevance to clinical practice: The retention and recruitment of staff who have lower perceived workplace stress and who utilise problem‐focused coping may result in less reported absences and fewer critical incidents and errors.     

The effect of laughter yoga on perceived stress,burnout, and life satisfaction in nurses during the pandemic: A randomized controlled trial

BackgroundA randomized controlled study was conducted on the effects of laughter yoga in reducing the perceived stress and burnout levels in nurses during the pandemic and in increasing their life satisfaction.Materials and methodsThe study was conducted with 101 (51 in the experimental group, and 50 in the control group) nurses providing care for patients with COVID-19. A total of eight sessions of laughter yoga were applied to the nurses in the experimental group for four weeks, twice a week. The Introductory Information Form, Perceived Stress Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and Life Satisfaction Scale were used during data collection.ResultsThe difference between the pre- and posttest Perceived Stress Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and Life Satisfaction Scale score averages of the nurses in the experimental group were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05), whereas the difference between the pre- and posttest score averages of the nurses in the control group was not significant (p > 0.05).ConclusionLaughter yoga is an effective method to reduce perceived stress and burnout while also increasing life satisfaction.Clinicaltrials.gov idNCT05317091.     

芳香治疗改善台湾地区安宁科护士工作倦怠及情绪的初步研究

目的 探讨芳香治疗对安宁科护士情绪及工作倦怠的影响,为芳香治疗的研究提供有关刎数据资料.方法 对研究组进行2个月的芳香治疗,使用焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）、工作倦怠量表和症状自评量表（SCL-90）进行评估.结果 研究组焦虑和抑郁情绪评分在治疗前后有显著差异,SCL-90显示研究对象在8周芳香治疗后焦虑因子和抑郁因子分有显著减低.工作倦怠量表情绪衰竭、情感疏远显著高于常模,个人成就显著低于常模.治疗后情绪衰竭、情感疏显著减低.结论 芳香治疗可以改善安宁科护士焦虑和抑郁情绪,并改善安宁科护士的工作倦怠. ZHANG Kai-peng YANG Can WANG Gao-hua 作者简介： 作者单位：张愷破（430060,武汉大学人民医院精神卫生中心） 杨灿（430060,武汉大学人民医院精神卫生中心） 王高华（430060,武汉大学人民医院精神卫生中心） 王惠玲（430060,武汉大学人民医院精神卫生中心）     

Medical education – beyond tomorrow?

Against a background of the theoretical basis for the contextual approach to medical education, this paper examines and supports the changes that are occurring in undergraduate medical education throughout the world, before putting up for discussion the suggestion that the changes have not gone far enough. Consideration is given to a model of apprenticeship learning within undergraduate medical education, to the benefits it may offer, and to some of the challenges inherent in its implementation.     

Common infections and the role of burnout in a Dutch working population

OBJECTIVE: To determine if burnout is a risk factor for common cold, flu-like illness and gastroenteritis. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study among 12,140 employees at baseline, using three consecutive self-administered questionnaires. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) was used to define employees with burnout complaints (Level 1) and clinical burnout (Level 2). The cross-sectional relationship between burnout and the occurrence of common infections was assessed at baseline, using logistic regression analysis. Survival analysis with Cox regression was performed to study the longitudinal relationship between burnout and the subscales of the MBI-GS as risk factors for common infections. RESULTS: For both levels of burnout, an increased incidence of common infections was found at baseline. The largest effect was found for the relationship between burnout and gastroenteritis (OR: 1.86, CI: 1.57-2.21 for Level 1 and OR: 3.59, CI: 2.09-6.17 for Level 2). The longitudinal analyses showed comparable results, although less pronounced. The largest effect was again found for gastroenteritis (RR: 1.55, CI: 1.28-1.86 for Level 1 and RR: 2.09, CI: 1.09-3.98 for Level 2). For flu-like illness and common cold, we found smaller but significant effects at Level 1, but not at Level 2. The subscale "Exhaustion" was found to be the strongest predictor for infections at both levels of burnout. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence for burnout as a risk factor for common infections in a large heterogeneous population. Taking into account that burnout or its subscales are not primary etiological agents for these common infections, the observed effects are large.     

Physiological correlates of burnout among women

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the immune, endocrine, and metabolic correlates of burnout among women. METHODS: Forty-three participants with high and 20 participants with low scores for the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Questionnaire were compared in terms of subjective symptoms, job strain, social support, plasma levels of prolactin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), C-reactive protein (CRP), neopterin, serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAs), progesterone, estradiol, cortisol, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) in whole blood. RESULTS: Besides reporting more job strain, less social support at work, and higher levels of anxiety, depression, vital exhaustion (VE), and sleep impairments, participants with high burnout manifested higher levels of TNF-alpha and HbA1C, independent of confounders including depression. CONCLUSIONS: Among women, burnout seems to involve enhanced inflammatory responses and oxidative stress.     

护士工作疲溃感与工作压力源及应对方式的相关研究

目的探讨护士工作疲溃感与工作压力源及应对方式的水平及其之间的关系。方法采用问卷调查法，调查了广州市5家三级甲等综合医院的235名护士的工作疲溃感、工作压力源、应对方式及其之间的相互关系。结果护士的工作压力为2．01，属中等水平，其首要工作压力为工作量与时间分配方面，最大压力源为工作量太大；护士的情绪疲溃感与工作无成就感均为高度，工作冷漠感为中度；护士的工作压力与情绪疲溃感及工作冷漠感密切相关，相关系数分别为0．372和0．363；应对方式对护士工作疲溃感有影响，积极应对有助于降低护士长的工作无成就感，消极应对可以加重情绪疲溃感、工作冷漠感和工作无成就感的产生。结论护士的工作疲溃感严重，并受工作压力及应对方式影响，建议关注护士工作压力的主要影响因素及减轻护士的非护理性工作，制定合理的人员编制方案，加强护士的专业知识培训．提高其积极应对技巧。     

徐州地区教师职业倦怠状况的调查研究

目的了解教师职业倦怠的状况，为教师心理卫生提供基础研究。方法采用自行设计的教师职业倦怠问卷对167份来自徐州地区的教师进行自我效能感、情绪倦怠、去个性化三个维度的调查。结果数据显示43％的教师存在着职业倦怠。贮检验结果表明各类教师的职业倦怠程度的差异有显著意义，中小学教师较幼儿园教师更为严重，此外城乡差异有显著意义。结论教师群体职业倦怠状况不容乐观。     

医护人员职业耗竭现状及其与人格特质的关系

目的:调查医护人员职业耗竭的现状,分析职业耗竭的影响因素,探讨耗竭与人格特质的关系。方法:采用Mɑslɑch耗竭量表和艾森克人格问卷,对武汉市2家医院175名医护人员进行调查。结果:分别有65.5%和75.7%的人有中度及以上情绪衰竭和缺乏人情味,43.8%的人成就感低;职业耗竭不存在性别、医护、年龄的差异,但婚姻状况、文化程度、医院类型会影响个体的耗竭;人格特质各维度(内外向性、神经质性和精神质性)与职业耗竭各维度(情绪衰竭、缺乏人情味和成就感低落)的相关均具有显著性的意义;回归分析显示,情感衰竭的预测源有文化程度、神经质性、内外向性,医院情感衰竭的预测源是精神质性,成就感低落的预测源是内外向性和精神质性。结论:医护人员有一定程度的职业耗竭现象,应从组织、个体等层面预防和缓解耗竭。     

Confirmatory factor analysis of the Maslach Burnout Inventory among Florida nurses

Burnout among human service professionals, such as nurses, has been studied in various countries for years using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). This paper reports on confirmatory factor analyses using LISREL that examined the factorial validity of the MBI. The sample consisted of 151 registered nurses from west-central Florida. Modifications of the initial hypothesized three-factor structure were necessary to adequately fit the data. Findings are compared to the published normative values for the MBI and to similar studies of European nurses. Recommendations for measurement models of the MBI in future studies that use structural equation modeling techniques are offered.