Reduced risk of peanut sensitization following exposure through breast-feeding and early peanut introduction

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Long-term efficacy of a tongue tie service in improving breast feeding rates: A prospective study

Background

Breast feeding rates in England at 3 months of age are approximately 17% for exclusive breast-feeding and 55% for breast-feeds supplemented with formula. Tongue-tie (TT) in infants is cited as a significant cause of difficulty with maintaining breast-feeding. Early treatment and support can improve breast-feeding and allow infants to benefit from the many long-term benefits of breast-feeding. Our aim was to determine BF rates in infants 3 months after attending our tongue-tie clinic (TTC).

抚触联合金双歧治疗母乳性黄疸的疗效观察

目的观察抚触联合金双歧治疗母乳性黄疸的疗效。方法124例母乳性黄疸随机分组,对照组给予菌栀黄口服液及酶诱导剂口服,治疗组给予金双歧口服及抚触护理。结果治疗组与对照组在治疗黄疸消退方面的疗效无显著差异,在体重增长方面有显著差异。结论金双歧口服联合抚触护理治疗母乳性黄疸,安全有效,除能明显降低血清胆红素水平,缩短治疗时间外,尚能促进生长发育,值得推广使用。     

State of the art: Could nursing mothers be vaccinated with attenuated live virus vaccine?

Recently two cases of vaccine-associated neurologic disease have been reported in breastfed infants whose mothers had received live attenuated yellow fever vaccine. These two cases have focused attention on the transmission of attenuated yellow fever vaccine virus from mother to infant via breastfeeding, and more generally of all other live attenuated viruses used to immunize nursing mothers. This article provides an overview of the rare literature on possible virus excretion in breast milk after vaccination of nursing mothers with live attenuated virus vaccine and on cases of infection via breastfeeding in infants whose mothers had been vaccinated postpartum. Before implementing postpartum vaccination in a nursing mother, the vaccinator needs to weigh up the risk of transmission to and adverse effects in the baby from live vaccine virus against the beneficial effects of the vaccine for the mother, taking into account her need for vaccination.     

分娩前孕妇对配方奶风险的认知调查

目的：调查母婴同室孕妇对配方奶风险知识的认知现状。方法采用自行设计问卷对某三甲妇产专科医院母婴同室病区的待产孕妇210例进行配方奶知识认知状况的问卷调查。结果参与调查的210例孕妇对配方奶喂养风险的认知比较低,分别有68．6％、67．3％和64．3％的孕妇不了解配方奶喂养可增加婴儿和儿童患中耳炎和耳感染、哮喘、心血管病的风险;67．1％的孕妇不了解配方奶喂养增加母亲患风湿性关节炎的风险,57．8％的孕妇不了解配方奶喂养增加母亲患母性糖尿病的风险;57．2％的孕妇不了解配方奶喂养增加母亲紧张和忧虑的风险;仅有43．4％的孕妇了解配方奶喂养增加了营养缺乏的风险,41．9％的孕妇了解配方奶喂养增加了母亲患乳腺癌的风险。单因素显示参加母乳喂养讲座和了解母乳喂养好处可以提高孕妇对配方奶风险的认知。结论目前母婴同室孕妇配方奶风险知识的认知程度较低,建立规范化培训,孕期健康教育增加相关的课程学习,多种渠道宣传配方奶风险,提高孕妇对配方奶风险的认识,加奶前建立知情同意制度。     

RECENT TRENDS IN BREAST-FEEDING IN SOUTHERN FINLAND

Abstract. Verkasalo, M. (Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland). Recent trends in breast-feeding in southern Finland. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:89, 1980.—A retrospective study on breast-feeding (BF) during 1962–77 has been carried out for the province of Uusimaa. The study was based on 35815 child health records kept by community health centres. Information was entered in 76% of the records, the percentage improving from 52 to 94 during the study period. The average duration of BF was observed to decline steadily from 2.3 months in 1962 to 1.7 in 1971, increasing thereafter to 3.6 months by the end of the study. A similar pattern of slow decline turning to a sharp rise by 1971 can be seen in the percentage of mothers beginning BF, and various time categories of nursing. The observed increase in BF is attributed to changing general attitudes, which are influenced by international trends and campaining by health authorities. Social benefits also play a role, as the increase in BF coincides with extensions of maternity leave from 2 to 7 months in the seventies. The results indicate a favourable response to efforts to promote BF and suggest that these efforts should be continued and intensified     

Janus computerised prescribing system provides pharmacological knowledge at point of care – design, development and proof of concept

Objective To develop and verify proof of concept for a user-defined prescribing system with decision support based on one single database consisting of several pharmacological sources. Methods A multidisciplinary working group within the framework of a two-phase project developed the tool. A small-scale pilot study for proof of concept was carried out in an outpatient neurological polyclinic where four experienced physicians used the tool in patient care on a daily basis. Results Automatically generated functions, such as recommended drugs, alerts for interactions, alerts for drug therapy during pregnancy and breast-feeding and a search tool for adverse drug effects, were quickly adopted into the daily outpatient working regime. Functions such as treatment strategies and a link to a producer independent website were less frequently used but still rated as useful and educational. Conclusion Searches for information that can be concentrated in one system saves time. Alerts inevitably draw physicians’ attention to the information. Instant availability to drug recommendations in a computerised prescribing system such as Janus should increase adherence to recommendations, but this needs to be evaluated systematically. Small-scale pilot studies such as the one reported here have been shown to be invaluable in providing the theoretical basis for implementation of the system and for gaining an understanding of the complex change processes involved. Small-scale projects can therefore provided a base for further development and broader implementation of pharmacological tools and services.