Evaluation of Plant–Microorganism Synergy for the Remediation of Diesel Fuel Contaminated Soil

The remediation of diesel fuel contaminated soil over a 2-year period by the plant-microorganism synergy was evaluated. Results indicated that the growth of Astragalus adsurgens was affected significantly, when the diesel fuel concentration was higher than 10 g kg(-1) dry soil. After a 2-year period, the removal of diesel fuel was >67%, and about 58-70% removal of aromatic hydrocarbons was obtained in these treatments. The removal of diesel fuel and its components was 13-30% higher than that of plant alone. These results show that an appropriate plant-microorganism synergy may serve as a low-cost, effective remedial technology for diesel-contaminated soil.     

The burden of disease from indoor air pollution in developing countries: comparison of estimates

Four different methods have been applied to estimate the burden of disease due to indoor air pollution from household solid fuel use in developing countries (LDCs). The largest number of estimates involves applying exposure-response information from urban ambient air pollution studies to estimate indoor exposure concentrations of particulate air pollution. Another approach is to construct child survival curves using the results of large-scale household surveys, as has been done for India. A third approach involves cross-national analyses of child survival and household fuel use. The fourth method, referred to as the 'fuel-based' approach, which is explored in more depth here, involves applying relative risk estimates from epidemiological studies that use exposure surrogates, such as fuel type, to estimates of household solid fuel use to determine population attributable fractions by disease and age group. With this method and conservative assumptions about relative risks, 4-5 percent of the global LDC totals for both deaths and DALYs (disability adjusted life years) from acute respiratory infections, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tuberculosis, asthma, lung cancer, ischaemic heart disease, and blindness can be attributed to solid fuel use in developing countries. Acute respiratory infections in children under five years of age are the largest single category of deaths (64%) and DALYs (81%) from indoor air pollution, apparently being responsible globally for about 1.2 million premature deaths annually in the early 1990s.     

TY型燃油添加剂在降低隧道空气污染中的应用

目的 为降低采用无轨运输方式进行施工的隧道中空气污染。方法 应用TY型燃油添加剂促进柴油燃烧更充分。结果 使隧道内CO、NOx浓度及尾气烟度均值降低46％、55％、42％,测定值经统计学方差检验,有极显性差异（P＜0．001）。结论 在安装隧道内通风系统的同时,使用燃油添加剂改善施工环境,在我国目前的施工条件下有十分重要的现实意义。     

大型磷酸、磷铵厂原料罐区的配置与运行

回顾贵溪化肥厂液态原料区罐的设计配置、运行状况、进行的技术改进,以及有待解决的问题。本装置能保障主装置生产原料的供给和安全运行。     

生物质气化炉在燃煤型氟中毒病区推广应用研究

目的 了解生物质气化降氟炉的设计原理及主要技术指标,评价使用效果,为在燃煤型氟中毒病区推广应用提供科学依据.方法 调查生物质气化炉的设计原理和主要技术指标及产品实验数据.随机抽取142户居民调查使用生物质气化炉前后用煤量、用柴量、炊事时间,计算平均值.结果 生物质气化炉平均用煤量、用柴量分别为7.92、11.20 kg...     

湖南部分地区40岁及以上居民烹饪污染性燃料及生物燃料暴露情况分析

目的 了解湖南部分地区40岁及以上居民烹饪污染性燃料及生物燃料暴露情况,为污染性燃料和生物燃料暴露防控工作提供参考依据.方法 调查对象来自于2019年湖南省5个慢性阻塞性肺疾病监测点,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,面对面询问调查方式收集相关信息.对样本复杂加权后分析不同特征人群烹饪污染性燃料和生物燃料暴露情况.结果 ...     

直接甲醇燃料电池用阻醇质子导电聚乙烯醇-聚苯乙烯磺酸共混膜

制备了聚乙烯醇 (PVA)与聚苯乙烯磺酸 (PSSA)的共混膜 ,并研究了膜的组成、热处理温度、甲醇水溶液浓度等对膜电导率和甲醇透过率的影响。与目前普遍使用的NafionTM膜相比 ,这种由阻醇材料PVA与离子交换材料PSSA共混后形成的聚合物膜既能提高阻醇性能 ,又具有一定的电导率。一种以聚苯乙烯磺酸含量为 17%的膜 ,其电导率可达 3× 10 -3 S·cm-1,但甲醇透过率P仅为 2× 10 -8cm2 ·s-1。如果以σ/P为综合指标 ,则此膜的综合性能比NafionTM膜高约 4 0倍     

石油焦与油页岩混合燃料流化床燃烧污染物排放特性

将石油焦和油页岩以不同比例混合的混合燃料在1 MW CFB试验台上进行燃烧试验,并对烟气污染物排放数据进行分析。结果 表明,通过在硫含量（质量分数）超过6%的石油焦中掺混一定比例的油页岩,可以使混合燃料中的硫含量降低到3%以下,这种混合 燃料可以作为CFB锅炉的燃料;采用合理的钙、硫摩尔比和锅炉床层温度,完全可以使混合燃料烟气污染物的排放质量浓度满足国家 环保规范要求。     

钼对甘草幼苗生物量和抗氧化酶活性以及药材质量的影响

目的：探讨不同浓度的钼营养水平对甘草幼苗生长、生物量和抗氧化酶活性及药材质量的影响。方法：在温室中对水培甘草幼苗进行4个不同钼营养水平（0．55,1．1,5．5,11．0mg·L^-1）处理,另设0mg·L^-1为对照组（CK）,测定甘草幼苗各器官生物量,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性,以及甘草苷和甘草酸的含量。结果：在钼浓度为5．5mg·L^-1时甘草幼苗的根干、鲜重和根冠比最大,并且此时甘草根、茎和叶中的SOD、POD和CAT3种抗氧化酶的活性最高,表明该浓度较适合甘草幼苗的生长和根干物质的积累,低钼水平或高钼水平都不利于甘草幼苗的生长。然而,1．1mg·L^-1对甘草根中甘草酸的积累有显著的促进作用,CK处理的甘草酸含量最低。结论：适宜的钼浓度对甘草幼苗根干物质和有效成分的积累很重要,并且抗氧化酶活性可以反应甘草幼苗对钼的适应性。因此,需要进一步探寻介于1．1～5．5mg·L^-1、同时满足既能增加甘草根干物质的积累又能提高甘草酸的含量的钼值。     

不同栽植密度和施肥量下党参生物量变化动态及其效应研究

通过栽植密度和施肥量二因素四水平三重复随机区组试验结果:对茎叶生物量积累最具优势的组合为密度105万株/hm2和施肥量240 kg/hm2,增量为652 mg/d;对单根生物量积累最优组合为密度60万株/hm2和施肥量240 kg/hm2,单根重达14.88 g.本试验结果可为党参种植及田间管理提供参考.