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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have become one of the hottest topics in biology over recent years, but remarkably have only been formally recognized for just over 10 years. These endogenously produced short (19–24 nt) non-coding RNAs have introduced an entirely new paradigm in our understanding of gene control and it is now evident that miRNAs play a crucial regulatory role in many, if not all, physiological and pathological processes. In this review we provide an overview of the role and potential clinical utility for miRNAs in hematological malignancies and their function in normal hematopoiesis. Although still in its infancy, the miRNA field has already added much to our understanding of hematological processes, and provides us with novel tools as both biomarkers and therapeutic agents for hematological malignancies. 相似文献
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David Leong Rajat Rai Brandon Nguyen Andrew Lee Desmond Yip 《World journal of clinical oncology》2014,5(4):633-645
Non-small-cell lung cancer remains a leading cause of death around the world. For most cases, the only chance of cure comes from resection for localised disease, however relapse rates remain high following surgery. Data has emerged over recent years regarding the utility of adjuvant chemotherapy for improving disease-free and overall survival of patients following curative resection. This paper reviews the clinical trials that have been conducted in this area along with the studies integrating radiation therapy in the adjuvant setting. The role of prognostic gene signatures are reviewed as well as ongoing clinical trials including those incorporating biological or targeted therapies. 相似文献
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《The surgeon》2021,19(6):e536-e548
IntroductionParathyroid cancers are rare and difficult to distinguish from benign parathyroid tumours. Prediction of malignancy often relies on intraoperative assessment of invasion. Standard histology is also inadequate; especially in the absence of local invasion, lymph nodal disease and metastasis. The aim of this project was to systematically review published literature on potential bio-markers used for the diagnosis of parathyroid cancer.MethodsPubmed, Web of Science and Medline databases were searched. Inclusion criteria included English language papers published after 1985 and reporting on biomarkers in human studies of parathyroid cancer and benign disease.Results118 relevant papers were appraised; all were observational studies. At least 2 papers studied 8 serum, 4 urine and 27 tissue biomarkers on the diagnosis of parathyroid cancer. Of these, 5 serum and 13 tissue markers have been demonstrated in at least one study to be statistically different in benign and malignant disease. We present a synthesis of data for each biomarker and measures of diagnostic accuracy where possible.ConclusionsConsideration should be given to the use of a panel of biomarkers to review patients with suspected parathyroid cancer. A profile including serum calcium and PTH levels and tissue expression of APC, Parafibromin, PGP9.5, Galectin 3 and Ki67 is proposed.Systematic Review Registration Number – CRD42019127833. 相似文献
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Evaluation of Full-length,Cleaved and Nitrosylated Serum Surfactant Protein D as Biomarkers for COPD
《COPD》2013,10(2):79-95
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a multicomponent condition that is characterized by partially reversible airflow obstruction. Serum surfactant protein D (SP-D) is synthesized by type II pneumocytes and Clara cells and participates in surfactant homeostasis and pulmonary host defense. Serum levels of SP-D are raised in individuals with COPD but there is no correlation between the serum level of SP-D and the severity of airflow obstruction. Serum SP-D is present in different forms that may have more utility as a biomarker for COPD. We report here the development of new monoclonal antibodies to full length and cleaved SP-D. We have assessed these and existing antibodies in 98 individuals with COPD recruited to the Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints (ECLIPSE) cohort. Our data show that neither monoclonal antibodies to full length nor cleaved SP-D provide additional information over that obtained with a polyclonal antibody. Moreover, levels of serum nitrosylated-SP-D did not correlate with serum level of SP-D or any clinical phenotype of COPD. The measurement of modified SP-D is of limited value in characterising individuals with COPD. 相似文献
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Jaymie R. Meliker Caterina Vacchi-Suzzi James Harrington Keith Levine Li-Yung Lui Douglas C. Bauer Eric Orwoll Deborah M. Kado 《International journal of hygiene and environmental health》2019,222(2):230-234
Objectives
There is growing evidence that urine cadmium is a temporally stable biomarker indicative of long-term cadmium exposure; however questions remain with regard to generalizability to older persons, the impact of changes in smoking behavior, and the degree of temporal stability when repeat sample collection spans years instead of weeks or months.Methods
Using archived samples from cohorts of older men (Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS-US)) and women (Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF)) (mean age?=?80?at study visit 2), we analyzed two morning urine samples each from 39 men and 18 women with a diverse self-reported smoking history. For MrOS, samples were collected approximately 6 years apart, and 4 years apart for SOF. Intra-class correlations were computed to assess temporal stability, and adjusted for age and body mass index.Results
The median creatinine-adjusted urinary cadmium levels (0.39?μg/g for men, 0.89?μg/g for women) were similar to levels expected for these age/sex groups in the US according to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The overall intra-class correlation was high (ICC?=?0.85; 95% CI: 0.76–0.91) and similar between cohorts (MrOS: ICC?=?0.74; 95% CI: 0.58–0.86; SOF: ICC?=?0.81; 95% CI: 0.59–0.93), but slightly lower among those who stopped smoking between visits of sample collection (ICC?=?0.64; 95% CI: 0.31–0.87) or among former smokers who quit prior to the first sample collection (ICC?=?0.68; 95% CI: 0.25–0.93).Conclusions
We report good-to-excellent reproducibility of urine cadmium using morning urine samples collected 4–6 years apart from older men and women, but slightly lower correlations among those with a history of smoking. Single measures of urine cadmium are a reliable biomarker in older men and women. 相似文献38.
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