影响部队汽车驾驶员心身健康水平和行车安全的相关因素研究

对部队汽车驾驶员203名的心身健康和行车安全的相关因素研究表明:驾驶员可发生心身障碍,尤其眼和耳、呼吸系统,骨胳肌肉系统及抑郁等为著。其影响因素,主要有负性精神紧张总值(-Lcu)、个性的精神质、神经质、掩饰性、内向倾向、开车公里数、开车年限及精神疾病家族史。某些心身问题、神经质、掩饰性较高、年龄偏大、开车公里数多及开车年限长等与事故差错的发生有关。     

解读中医"火"概念的发生及其内涵

生产生活常识中的"火"是中医"火"概念发生的原型,经过取象比类思维,抽象出了具有气、阴阳、五行等哲学意义的"火"概念,并在此基础上构建了中医"火"的概念以及相关理论.     

Personality variables as moderators between hassles and subjective indications of distress

The research was designed to investigate the moderating effect of some personality traits on subjective distress caused by daily hassles. The traits were internal locus of control, repression, ego strength, and barrier (as studied and defined by S. Fisher). The last two variables were negatively correlated both with the somatic and emotional distress indications and with the frequency of hassles reportED; internal locus of control showed an inverse relationship only with frequency of hassles. The hypothesis is formulated that ego strength and barrier are personality factors influencing not only the outcomes of coping (ie the stress response), but also event appraisal.     

Graves病的发病与社会心理因素

对１０７例甲状腺机能亢进症患者和９１名正常人采用艾森克个性问卷及自编社会环境的调查显示：４６．９４％的患者起病前有负性生活事件发生，个性特征甲亢组神经不稳定型及掩饰性评分显著高于正常组，有显著性差异，此结果提示甲亢患者存在明显个性缺陷和负性生活事件，这些因素可作为甲亢发病的一种诱因。     

Irritable bowel syndrome: The role of psychosocial factors

The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a very common disorder of intestinal function characterized by variable symptoms of abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation and bloating. The spectrum of severity ranges from mild symptoms, not worthy of clinical attention, to intense and continuous symptoms associated with impaired health-related quality of life and high health care use. Psychosocial disturbance is commonly found among patients with irritable bowel, but until recently, its precise role in the disorder was uncertain. The data now suggest that irritable bowel is not a psychiatric disorder per se, but psychosocial factors including life stress, psychiatric comorbidity and abnormal illness behavior, among others, influence how the illness is experienced and acted upon. Patients with mild symptoms usually respond to education, reassurance, dietary modification and, when needed, antimotility agents. However, patients with more severe symptoms, who usually have greater psychosocial disturbance, will also require behavioral interventions, and possibly psychopharmacological agents. In sum, a graduated, multicomponent plan of care that includes dietary, behavioral and pharmacological treatments is recommended.     

不同性别飞行学员人格特征的比较

目的 :探讨男女飞行学员人格特征的差别 ,为选拔战斗机女飞行员提供心理选拔方法的参照 .方法 :女学员组为某飞行学院 2 2名女飞行学员 ,男学员组为同一飞行学院 4 3名男飞行学员 .采用卡特尔 16种个性因素测验 (16PF) ,应用DXC多项心理测评仪进行集体测试 .结果 :在 16PF的 2 4个分析项目中 ,情绪的稳定性 (C)、兴奋性 (F)、敢为性 (H)、怀疑性 (L)、紧张性 (Q4)、适应与焦虑、内向与外向等 7个因子分男学员和女学员有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1) ,其中在稳定性、兴奋性、敢为性和外向性等 4个因素上 ,女学员的分数显著高于男学员 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1) ;而在怀疑性、紧张性、焦虑性等 3个因子分上则是男学员显著高于女学员(P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1) .结论 :女飞行学员的个性特点是情绪稳定 ,轻松兴奋 ,冒险敢为 ,适应环境 ,趋于外向 ,紧张困扰和焦虑较少 .本调查结果表明 ,女飞行学员的人格特征基本符合战斗机飞行员人格结构的要求     

MMPI‐2 assessed post‐traumatic stress disorder related to job stress,coping, and personality in police agencies

The PK and PS scales of the MMPI‐2 were developed to index the degree of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These scales were applied to a sample of 254 mostly male sworn and civilian law enforcement employees from four police agencies. Participants also completed surveys measuring their perceived levels of job stress, their use of a set of coping strategies, and their performance on measures of five global personality domains. The two PTSD scales appeared to have good internal structures and relatively high reliabilities. Employees at greater risk for PTSD reported higher levels of work‐related stress, seemed to use more maladaptive coping strategies, were more neurotic, and tended to be less extraverted, agreeable, and conscientious. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Teachers'' perceptions concerning the relative values of personal and clinical characteristics and their influence on the assignment of students'' clinical grades

Twenty senior teachers were asked to rank, in order of influence, the seven clinical and five personal characteristics used to grade third-year medicine clerks. Seventeen perceived themselves to be more influenced by clinical characteristics when assigning grades. Independently, the actual ratings completed over a 3-year period by these same teachers were analysed to measure the congruency between their perceived and actual grading behaviour. When actually rating students only nine raters were more influenced by clinical characteristics and just one half of the teachers displayed a congruency between their perceived and actual rating behaviour. The implications of these findings are discussed.     

Psychological factors influencing the surgical patients' consent to regional anaesthesia

To investigate the preoperative attitude of surgical patients to regional anaesthesia, 162 subjects scheduled for elective surgery were studied. On the day before operation, patients were interviewed by an anaesthesio–logist, using a semi–structured schedule. Topics investigated were sociodemographic variables and clinical correlates, such as past anaesthetic experience, information about anaesthesia and surgery, as well as questions and fears related to anaesthesia. Subjects were assessed for personality characteristics and emotional symptoms by Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Zung's Self–rating Anxiety and Depression Rating Scales, Schalling–Sifneos' Personality Scale and the 43–item Life Events Inventory of Holmes and Rahe. Seventy–one patients (44%) consented to regional anaesthesia. Consent to regional anaesthesia was associated with advanced age, low neuroticism and high extroversion score in the EPQ, as well as longer duration of illness. The deniers of consent asked more questions and expressed more fears about anaesthesia. It is suggested that the patients' characteristics influence their preference, acceptance or refusal of regional anaesthesia.     

Reclaiming 'Big Nurse': a feminist critique of Ken Kesey's portrayal of Nurse Ratched in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest

Reclaiming 'Big Nurse': a feminist critique of Ken Kesey's portrayal of Nurse Ratched in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest Nurse Ratched or 'Big Nurse' in Ken Kesey's counter-culture novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest is one of popular culture's most arresting and memorable images of the nurse. She is, however, deemed to be remarkable primarily for her malice and authoritarianism. This paper argues that such a purely realist reading fails to fully appreciate the significance of the character of Nurse Ratched. A feminist critique of the novel contends that die importance of 'Big Nurse' is less related to how realistic/unrealistic or good/bad she is as a nurse. Nurse Ratched is important because she exemplifies all diat traditional masculinity abhors in women, and particularly in strong women in positions of power and influence. This paper explores the stereotype of 'Big Nurse' and argues that Kesey's vision of her ultimate 'conquest' is not a progressive allegory of 'individual freedom', but a reactionary misogyny which would deny women any function other than that of sexual trophy.