地衣芽胞杆菌对肠道致病菌的体内拮抗作用研究

目的:探讨地衣芽胞杆菌C01在模型小鼠体内对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌抑制作用以及对乳杆菌等有益菌的促进作用。方法:用地衣芽胞杆菌C01灌胃肠道感染模型小鼠,采用体外活菌培养,分析粪便菌群数量的变化。结果:C01灌胃治疗组(EPEC C01)中乳杆菌的数量显著高于EPEC灌胃模型组(EPEC N)(P<0.01),肠杆菌数量下降极显著(P<0.01),而(EPEC N)组肠杆菌数显著高于正常对照组(NS)(P<0.05);肠炎沙门氏菌处理后C01灌胃治疗组(SL C01)和处理后肠炎沙门氏模型组(SL N)比较,乳杆菌、肠球菌和总厌氧菌的变化不明显,但肠杆菌数量下降极显著(P<0.01);形态病理学观察结果显示,C01芽胞杆菌灌胃治疗组肠粘膜病变明显减轻,肠粘膜及绒毛高度明显增加,绒毛轻度水肿,绒毛排列整齐、致密。结论:地衣芽胞杆菌C01在体内对肠炎沙门氏菌和致病性大肠杆菌有较强的抑制作用,能促进乳杆菌等生理性有益菌的增殖,可保护肠粘膜结构的完整性免受病原菌的侵袭。     

青年人群血清甲_3型流感抗体检测和流行株的抗原性分析

采集４５０例战士血清标本，分别用国家代表株甲３／济防／１５／９０（Ｈ３Ｎ２）和甲３／北京／３２／９２（Ｈ３Ｎ２）作血清血凝抑制抗体测定，青年对甲３型抗体阳性率为６０％～６７％，其ＧＭＴ为３４～４５。１９９４～１９９５年两年中在军营人群中分离到３株Ｈ３Ｎ２毒株流行株，分别应用国际、国家和地方代表株作抗原性分析，证明流行株与它们之间抗原性有明显差异。本文分离到的３株流行株均上送国家流感中心鉴定，证实为Ｈ３Ｎ２亚型毒株。     

Effect of electrical cutaneous stimulation on the level of succinate dehydrogenase activation and changes in glutamatergic synaptic transmission in response to sensory stimulation

It is shown that the rise of succinate dehydrogenase activity in the hippocampus depends on the number of sensory stimuli presented before decapitation, which correlates with changes in the efficiency of glutamatergic synaptic transmission in hippocampal sections from the same animal. Electrocutaneous stimulation potentiates the activation of succinate dehydrogenase induced by sensory stimulation probably due to enhanced glutamate release. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 123, No. 4, pp. 404–407, April, 1997     

重庆地区小儿肺炎细菌耐药性及抗生素应用分析

目的分析重庆地区小儿肺炎常见病原菌构成及其耐药性,探讨临床抗生素的合理应用.方法吸取1 165例小儿肺炎下呼吸道分泌物,利用microscan全自动微生物分析仪进行细菌鉴定、培养及药敏试验,并统计临床初始抗生素应用情况.结果细菌总分离数为392株(33.7%),其中革兰阴性菌257株(65.6%),前5位依次为肺炎克雷伯菌、流感嗜血杆菌、副流感嗜血杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌及大肠埃希菌;革兰阳性细菌为135株(34.4%),依次为肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌.药物敏感实验显示:铜绿假单胞菌与葡萄球菌呈多重耐药,其它细菌对抗生素敏感性差异较大,较敏感的有头孢呋辛、头孢曲松等;而泰能、阿米卡星、万古霉素则高度敏感.1 165例小儿肺炎使用抗生素种类达21种,使用率100%.单用一种者占38.5%,联合二种者占61.5%;无一例首选万古霉素或泰能.初始抗生素治愈率为76.7%(894/1 165例),好转率为18.5%(216/1 165例).结论重庆地区小儿肺炎病原菌以革兰阴性菌占优势,不同细菌对抗生素敏感性差异较大;临床多选用二、三代头孢菌素.积极监测细菌耐药性,有助于提供选择抗生素的依据,对提高疗效和避免耐药菌株的快速增长有重要意义.     

Seasonal variation in bacterial population and their correlation with physico‐chemical factors in the riverine system

Significant positive correlation between physico‐chemical factors and different bacterial populations were studied. Higher values of heterotrophic bacteria (HT), total coliform (TC), faecal coliform (FC) or faecal streptococci (FS) and the occurrence of E. coll, Streptococcus faecalis, Clostridium welchii ( C. perfringens), Aerobactor aerogens and A. cloacae at downstream point (Station II) indicated the degree of sewage and human waste pollution in the riverine system. The concentration of TC and FS at Station II was more than the prescribed permissible limits of ISI and WHO. Hence, the results show that river water has been deteriorating considerably due to high pollutional load and may pose a great risk to human health if consumed directly from the source.     

A common FGFR3 mutation functions as a diagnostic marker for achondroplasia-group disorders in the Japanese population

Recent DNA studies performed by several groups have detected mutations of the gene encoding fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) in patients with achondroplasia-group disorders, including achondroplasia (ACH), hypochondroplasia (HCH), and thanatophoric dysplasia (TD). For this study, we analyzed theFGFR3 gene in 31 Japanese patients with typical ACH, four with HCH, three with a condition intermediate between ACH and HCH (ACH/HCH-intermediate), and one with TD. Of the 31 typical ACH patients, 29 showed a G1138 to A transition and the other two a G1138 to C transversion, both resulting in a common Gly380Arg substitution in the transmembrane domain of FGFR3. The one TD and the four HCH patients did not display any mutations in the transmembrane domain of FGFR3. Of the three ACH/HCH-intermediate cases, one patient showed the Gly380Arg substitution and one did not, and further analysis of the second patient revealed the presence of Asn540Lys substitution. The first patient was, therefore, genotypically diagnosed as ACH and the second as HCH. Peripheral blood leukocyte DNA analysis in the remaining ACH/HCH-intermediate patient indicated an unequal ratio of mutant to normal PCR products, possibly representing a somatic mosaic for the Gly380Arg mutation. Analysis of the common FGFR3 mutation thus appears to help in the molecular diagnosis of patients with achondroplasia-group disorders.     

大肠菌群MPN检测法在药品微生物限度检查中的应用

采用大肠菌群作为卫生指示菌,对口服药品进行细菌学检验,实验结果表明有利于口服药品染菌状况的监督与控制。     

上海市外来人员肺结核病分布与临床特征

目的：了解上海市外来人口中肺结核病人的分布和临床特征。方法：对1996年1～12月全市外来人口活动性肺结核病报告登记资料进行分析。结果：外来人员肺结核病人总数达2279人，青壮年占总病例65％以上；男性病例为主；主要来源于江苏、浙江、安徽、四川、江西等省；登记病人来沪暂居地主要集中在市区及城乡地区，外来人口结核病管理重点在市区及城乡地区。病人分型以Ⅲ型为主。查痰率仅60．1％，但排菌率高达40％。外来人。的病例发现工作及治疗管理难度较大，目前登记病例规则化疗仅占10．4％。结论：有必要通过有关部门的共同协作，拟定切实可行的外来人口结核病管理办法。     

社区人群空腹血糖受损对估算肾小球滤过率的影响研究

背景 估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)是反映慢性肾脏病严重程度的量化指标之一。研究表明糖尿病前期血糖升高可增加慢性肾脏病风险,但对eGFR直接影响报道较少。目的 探讨社区人群中空腹血糖(FPG)受损患者血糖水平对eGFR的影响。方法 选择2020年1—12月于南昌大学第二附属医院体检中心体检的人群,收集一般资料与临床资料(包括既往史、性别、年龄、体质指数、血压、尿酸、血脂、FPG、尿常规、血肌酐),经相应纳入标准与排除标准筛选,最终纳入28 601例受试者。根据FPG水平将受试者分为FPG升高组(5.6 mmol/L≤FPG<7.0mmol/L)、FPG正常组(3.9 mmol/L≤FPG<5.6 mmol/L),比较两组一般资料与临床资料。为明确FPG对e GFR影响,采用个案匹配控制对两组受试者进行多因素(性别、年龄、平均动脉压、尿酸、总胆固醇、体质指数)匹配,采用Mann-Whitney U秩和检验比较匹配后两组一般资料。采用Spearman秩相关检验分析FPG与eGFR在FPG升高组、FPG正常组及匹配后FPG升高组、FPG正常组间的相关性。结果 共获得FPG正常组患者...