羊肚菌属群体遗传学和基因组进化的研究进展

羊肚菌Morchella esculenta是子囊菌亚门的一种大型药食两用真菌,具有重要的经济价值和药用价值。然而近年来全球气候变化,导致羊肚菌属物种的栖息地破碎和片段化,加上消费者对羊肚菌美食的喜爱,过渡采挖造成羊肚菌属野生资源急剧减少,因此,急需对羊肚菌属物种资源进行保护。遗传多样性的时空分布是保护生物学的重要内容,遗传多样性关系到一个物种或类群的进化潜力和未来命运。生物基因组和进化的研究能够辅助挖掘物种深层次的优异基因资源,有利于从本质上对物种进行科学保护。从羊肚菌属的遗传多样性、遗传结构和家系关系以及基因组进化等的研究进展进行综述,以期为羊肚菌属资源的科学保护提供重要依据。     

新生儿败血症病原学特征分析

目的 探讨本院新生儿败血症病原菌的分布及耐药情况,指导临床合理使用抗生素,促进医院感染的有效防控.方法 对2006年1月至2011年5月我院新生儿科收治的败血症患儿进行回顾性分析,按照发病时间分为早发型败血症及晚发型败血症,并根据发生感染的地点分为社区获得性感染及医院感染.结果 研究期间共收治新生儿败血症121例.早发型败血症50例(41.3％),病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主,共40例(80％),其中含产超广谱β内酰胺酶(ESBLS)株5例(10％),革兰阳性凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌10例(20％).晚发型败血症71例(58.6％),其中社区感染56例(78.9％),病原菌以革兰阳性球菌为主,共30例(42.2％),革兰阴性杆菌26例(36.6％);医院感染15例(21.1％),革兰阴性杆菌7例(9.9％),其中产ESBLs株4例(5.6％),革兰阳性凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌4例(5.6％),真菌4例(5.6％),均为白色念珠菌.结论 早发型败血症及晚发型败血症、社区获得性败血症及医院感染败血症病原谱不同,均有多重耐药菌产生.     

Birth outcomes of patients with isolated anorectal malformations: A population‐based case‐control study

In most patients affected by isolated anorectal malformation (IARM) the etiology is largely unknown. Thus, the aim of our project was to analyze possible risk factors for IARM. In the first step, birth outcomes of cases with IARM were analyzed on the basis of maternal socio‐demographic variables, and these data are presented in this paper. Gestational age at delivery, birthweight, preterm birth, low birthweight and small for gestational age of cases with IARM were evaluated in the function of maternal age, birth/pregnancy order, marital and employment status of mothers in the population‐based large dataset of the Hungarian Case‐Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities, 1980–1996. The study samples included 231 live‐born cases with IARM, 361 matched and 38 151 population controls without any defect. IARMs are more frequent in males, twins and newborn infants with low birthweight and small‐for‐gestational‐age, the latter being the consequence of intrauterine growth restriction. In addition, mothers of cases were younger but with higher birth order, and had lower socio‐economic status. These maternal variables are characteristic for the gypsy population in Hungary. The higher proportion of gypsy women among the mothers of cases with IARM was confirmed during the home visits of the study. Male sex and intrauterine growth restriction of cases, in addition to low socioeconomic status and gypsy origin of mothers may have a role in the risk of IARMs.     

Photodynamic Therapy in Macular Diseases of Asian Populations: When East Meets West

Purpose

We reviewed the indications, safety, and efficacy of photodynamic therapy with verteporfin in various macular diseases and vasculopathies, which are common in Asian populations, and compared the outcomes of photodynamic therapy in Asian patients with the outcomes in Caucasian patients.

Methods

Relevant clinical and laboratory original articles, case reports, and review articles that have been published in the literature between January 1999 and October 2004 were searched in Medline. The potential differences in the response to photodynamic therapy between Asian and Caucasian patients were evaluated. Articles in foreign languages with English abstracts were included.

Results

Macular diseases commonly seen in Asian populations, including choroidal neovascularization (CNV) of age-related macular degeneration, secondary to pathologic myopia or from an idiopathic cause, and choroidal vasculopathies such as central serous chorioretinopathy and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy were included in the review. The results were tabulated and the differences with Caucasian populations were compared and highlighted.

Conclusion

Photodynamic therapy has been found to be an effective and noninvasive treatment for various subfoveal CNV and choroidal vasculopathies of the macula. Diverse behavior in different ethnic groups is observed. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2006;50:161–169 © Japanese Ophthalmological Society 2006     

Association between complementary factor H Y402H polymorphisms and age-related macular degeneration in Chinese: Systematic review and meta-analysis

AIM

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the developed world and complement factor H (CFH) polymorphism has been found to associate with the AMD. To investigate whether the Y402H variant in CFH is associated with AMD in Chinese populations, a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to estimate the magnitude of the gene effect and the possible mode of action.

METHODS

A meta-analysis was performed using data available from ten case-control studies assessing association between the CFH Y402H polymorphism and AMD in Chinese populations involving 1538 AMD. Data extraction and study quality assessment were performed in duplicate. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) an allele contrast and genotype contrast were estimated using fixed- effects models. The Q-statistic test was used to assess heterogeneity, and Funnel plot was used to evaluate publication bias.

RESULTS

Seven of ten case-control studies were neovascular AMD, and few studies came from west and north of China. There was strong evidence for association between CFH and AMD in Chinese population, with those having risk allele C 2.35 times more likely to have AMD than subjects with T allele. Evidence of publication bias was not observed in our meta-analysis.

CONCLUTION

This meta-analysis summarizes the strong evidence for an association between CFH and AMD in Chinese and indicates each C allele increasing the odds of AMD by 2.33-fold.But more evidences about the relation between CFH polymorphism and different type of Chinese AMD from various district were needed.     

再生障碍性贫血患儿的环孢素群体药动学研究

目的：建立环孢素在再生障碍性贫血患儿中的群体药动学模型,为其临床个体化用药提供依据。方法：回顾性收集94例再生障碍性贫血患儿的194份血药浓度常规监测数据,应用NONMEM（7.2.0）软件建立药动学模型,用一级条件估计及交互作用（FOCE-Ⅰ）估算药动学参数和个体间、个体内变异。定量考察人口学特征、生化指标、血常规指标、合并用药及CYP3A4＊18B、CYP3A5＊3基因多态性等协变量对药动学参数的影响,采用自举法对最终模型的稳定性进行评价。结果：基础模型选用一房室、一级吸收和一级消除模型。环孢素的群体药动学参数：表观清除率（CL/F）为（29.5±1.3）L/h,表观分布容积（V/F）为（419.4±52.2）L。CL/F和V/F的个体间变异分别为27.8%和0.14%,个体内变异为36.4%和70ng/ml。按照最终模型,仅有年龄对CL/F有显著影响。自举法验证结果表明模型较稳定。结论：本研究建立的再生障碍性贫血患儿的环孢素群体药动学模型可为该群体的临床个体化用药提供依据。     

嘉定区华亭社区2012年心脑血管疾病监测结果分析

目的 ：了解嘉定区华亭镇2012年社区人群中心脑血管病发病现状及变化趋势,探索降低社区人群心脑血管病发病的措施。方法：利用防治条线汇总资料进行统计分析。结果：华亭镇2012年心脑血管病发病率为247.95/10万,死亡率为292.66/10万。缺血性脑卒中发病率最高,男性高于女性,随年龄增长呈递增趋势,60岁以上发病人数占总发病人数的88.52%。结论 ：心脑血管疾病已经成为严重危害华亭镇社区居民的慢性病之一,加强60岁以上人群心脑血管病防治已刻不容缓。     

广州市番禺区流动人口性病干预情况分析

目的 了解对番禺区流动人口实施性病行为干预的效果,为性病防治工作提供理论依据.方法 随机调查番禺区超过100人的大型工厂5个、建筑工地5个的流动人口作为研究对象,对调查对象开展健康教育和安全套推广,比较干预前后流动人口的性病相关知识知晓率、安全套使用率和4种性病(淋病、沙眼衣原体、尖锐湿疣和梅毒)的感染率.结果 干预后的流动人口性病相关知识知晓率有明显升高,从干预前的51.68％上升到干预后的91.24％;淋病感染率从干预前的2.40％下降到干预后的1.90％,沙眼衣原体感染率从干预前的9.76％下降到干预后的6.65％,尖锐湿疣感染率从干预前的7.99％下降到干预后的5.06％,梅毒感染率从干预前的3.55％下降到干预后的2.22％.结论 对番禺区流动人口进行性病的健康教育和行为干预成效显著.     

阿拉山口口岸地区小型哺乳动物区系调查及输入种动态分析

目的 掌握口岸地区本底小型哺乳动物种群及家、野栖鼠类的动态变化,识别外来物种,预测、预报传疫信息.方法 在本口岸及周边区域6大生态环境中进行调查,对比既往资料进行分析.结果 捕获兔形类1种、啮齿类16种、食虫类2种、食肉类1种、翼手类1种,即5目9科15属19种1022只.并对口岸输入种进行了分析.结论 家栖鼠类褐家鼠为优势种,野栖鼠类大沙鼠为优势种,这两大家、野栖鼠类的代表性种群,其主要传播媒介已发生交换和转移,加之印鼠客蚤的参与是鼠间到人间鼠疫发生的危险因素.     

肺癌高危人群癌症防治核心知识认知情况调查

目的 探讨肺癌高危人群对癌症防治核心知识认知情况并对其影响因素进行分析.方法 以2017年3月至2019年12月在上海市某医院胸外科完成肺癌高危人群筛查并判断为肺癌高危人群的居民为研究对象,开展癌症防治核心知识知晓情况调查,采用描述流行病学分析方法对癌症防治核心知识掌握情况进行分析,并采用单、多因素分析方法对知识掌握影...