Impact of Calcium and Two Doses of Vitamin D on Bone Metabolism in the Elderly: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The optimal dose of vitamin D to optimize bone metabolism in the elderly is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that vitamin D, at a dose higher than recommended by the Institute of Medicine (IOM), has a beneficial effect on bone remodeling and mass. In this double‐blind trial we randomized 257 overweight elderly subjects to receive 1000 mg of elemental calcium citrate/day, and the daily equivalent of 3750 IU/day or 600 IU/day of vitamin D3 for 1 year. The subjects’ mean age was 71 ± 4 years, body mass index 30 ± 4 kg/m², 55% were women, and 222 completed the 12‐month follow‐up. Mean serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) was 20 ng/mL, and rose to 26 ng/mL in the low‐dose arm, and 36 ng/mL in the high‐dose arm, at 1 year (p < 0.05). Plasma parathyroid hormone, osteocalcin, and C‐terminal telopeptide (Cross Laps) levels decreased significantly by 20% to 22% in both arms, but there were no differences between the two groups for any variable, at 6 or 12 months, with the exception of serum calcitriol, which was higher in the high‐dose group at 12 months. Bone mineral density (BMD) increased significantly at the total hip and lumbar spine, but not the femoral neck, in both study arms, whereas subtotal body BMD increased in the high‐dose group only, at 1 year. However, there were no significant differences in percent change BMD between the two study arms at any skeletal site. Subjects with serum 25OHD <20 ng/mL and PTH level >76 pg/mL showed a trend for higher BMD increments at all skeletal sites, in the high‐dose group, that reached significance at the hip. Adverse events were comparable in the two study arms. This controlled trial shows little additional benefit in vitamin D supplementation at a dose exceeding the IOM recommendation of 600 IU/day on BMD and bone markers, in overweight elderly individuals. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.     

肱骨近端骨密度的测量及其与年龄和体质量指数的相关性研究

目的 建立一种肱骨近端骨密度(BMD)的测量方法,研究肱骨近端BMD与年龄和体质量指数(BMI)的关系,探讨肱骨近端BMD在预报骨质疏松症的敏感性.方法 选择绝经后健康女性志愿者,使用Hologie DELPHI-A双能X射线骨密度仪及本研究设计的肩部定位器和前臂定位器测虽肱骨近端BMD.研究第一部分包括30名忐愿者,每人连续测量右侧肱骨近端BMD 2次,根据测量结果计算短期精密度RMS SD和RMS CV;第二部分包括92名志愿者,记录其年龄、身高、体重,测量右侧肱骨近端BMD,分析肱骨近端BMD与年龄和BMl的相关性.结果 本研究肱骨近端BMD测量方法的短期精密度:RMS SD=0.011 g/cm2,RMS CV=2.4%.本研究92名志愿者平均(60.2±6.4)岁,平均身高(159.5±5.4)cm,平均体质晕(59.4±7.5)kg,平均BMI 23.3±2.7,平均肱骨近端BMD(0.543±0.083)g/cm2,肱骨近端BMD 同年龄呈负相关,同BMI无显著相关.结论 本研究建立了一种测苗肱骨近端BMD的方法;年龄越人肱骨近端BMD越低;由于BMI对BMD的影响会掩盖骨质的丢失,而非负重区域即肱骨近端会最大程度地减少BMI对BMD的影响程度.     

The effect of 12-month participation in osteogenic and non-osteogenic sports on bone development in adolescent male athletes. The PRO-BONE study

Objectives

Research investigating the longitudinal effects of the most popular sports on bone development in adolescent males is scarce. The aim is to investigate the effect of 12-month participation in osteogenic and non-osteogenic sports on bone development.

雄激素对雄性骨质疏松大鼠骨代谢及骨骼生物力学的影响

目的探讨雄激素对男性骨质疏松骨代谢及骨骼生物力学的影响。方法采用15周龄雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型（去睾）组和雄激素治疗组（十-酸睾酮）。28周后行血尿生化、骨密度、骨骼生物力学检查。结果与正常对照组比较,模型组睾酮水平、全身及股骨中点骨密度均明显下降,碱性磷酸酶降低,24h尿羟脯氨酸、尿钙、与尿磷肌酐比值显著增高,股骨生物力学指标-最大受力负荷（Pb）及股骨最大挠度（δb）也显著下降。应用雄激素替代治疗后,上述指标好转。结论雄性大鼠去睾28周后形成了骨质疏松。雄激素在骨代谢过程中对骨形成与骨吸收均有影响,并最终影响骨骼生物力学性能,早期应用雄激素替代治疗可预防这种骨质疏松的发生。     

Low BMD and high alcohol consumption predict a major re-operation in patients younger than 70 years of age with a displaced femoral neck fracture—A two –year follow up study in 120 patients

Background and purposeThe recommended treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures (FNF) in patients younger than 70 years of age is fracture reduction and internal fixation (IF). The incidence of re-operation due to nonunion (NU) or avascular necrosis (AVN) has been reported to be between 20–30%. Knowledge of possible predisposing factors needs to be elucidated. The primary aim of this study was to identify factors associated with a major re-operation due to NU or AVN in patients <70 years with a displaced FNF treated with IF.Patients and methods128 patients, 20–69 years with a FNF treated with IF. Follow up included radiographic and clinical examination at 4, 12 and 24 months. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with re-operation due to NU or AVN.ResultsThe re-operation rate due to NU or AVN was 6%, 16% and 28% at 4, 12 and 24 months respectively. Patients with low BMD was more likely to be re-operated than those with normal BMD, OR 5.5, CI (95%) 1.15–26.8, and those with a high alcohol consumption had 3.2 times higher odds to be re-operated due to NU or AVN, CI (95%) 1.16–8.76.InterpretationIn more than two thirds (83/120) of the patients the fracture healed after one operation. Moreover, a low BMD and high alcohol consumption were related to a major re-operation. These results suggest that only age as a sole variable for choosing the type of surgical treatment may not be rational.     

Classification of ADHD and BMD patients using visual evoked potential

Objectives

Children with Bipolar Mood Disorder (BMD) and those with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) share many clinical signs and symptoms; therefore, achieving an accurate diagnosis is still a challenge, especially in the first interview session. The main focus of this paper is to quantitatively classify the ADHD and BMD patients using their Visual Evoke Potential (VEP) features elicited from their Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals.

Methods and materials

In this study, 36 subjects were participated including 12 healthy ones, 12 patients with ADHD and 12 ones with BMD. The age of ADHD patients was 16.92 ± 6.29 and for the BMD ones was 17.85 ± 3.68. Their scalp EEG signals in the presence of visual stimulus were recorded using 22 silver electrodes located according to the 10–20 international recording protocol. To extract their VEP, first a preprocessing step was executed to remove the power line and movement artifacts. Afterward, the wavelet denoising and synchronous averaging were applied to the preprocessed trials in order to elicit the P100 component. To obtain interpretable features from the evoked patterns, amplitude and latency were extracted and applied to the 1-Nearest Neighbor (1NN) classifier due to the locally scattered distribution of the VEP features.

Results

The evaluation was performed according to leave-one(subject)-out method and the experimental results were led to 92.85% classification accuracy which is a fairly promising achievement to distinguish the BMD, ADHD, and healthy subjects from each other.

Conclusion

From the physiological point of view, this result point out to the existence of significant difference in the neural activities of their visual system in the ADHD, BMD, and healthy subjects in response to a periodic optical stimulus.     

葛根异黄酮对去卵巢大鼠骨矿密度和骨强度的影响

目的：研究葛根总异黄酮（TIP）对雌激素缺乏引起的骨质疏松症的防治作用。方法：10月龄SD大鼠,手术切除双侧卵巢后7d,每天igTIP100和20mg/kg,并设假手术组（Sham)、模型对照组（OVX）和尼理论联系实际是性组（E3）,在给药4和7个月时,测定大鼠全身骨矿总量（BMC）和骨矿密度（BMD）及骨生物力学强度等。结果（1）和OVX组相比,TIP大剂量组在给药4个月时BMC和BMD分别提高14．6％和12．1％,7个月时分离提高6．8％和14．2％;小剂量组4个月时分别提高7．8％和6．9％,7个月时分离提高8．65和14．95。（2）TIP大、小剂量组股骨相对体积质量分别提高3．8％和3．4％;胫骨相对休整质量提高6．8％和6．3％,股骨Ca盐密度均提高15％以上。（3）TIP大、小剂量组股骨最大负荷分别提高16．1％和9．1％;结构强度分别提高19．4％和12．5％,（4）TIP使大鼠子宫重量明显增加。结论TIP对去卵巢引起的大鼠骨质疏松症具有明显的防治作用,这种作用可能和它的弱雌激素样活性有关。     

绝经后骨质疏松症患者骨密度及性激素水平与肾虚证的关系

为探讨女性绝经后骨质疏松症(postmenopausal osteoporosis PMO)患者骨密度(bone mineral density BMD)和性激素水平的变化与不同肾虚证型之间的内在联系,为临床辨证论治提供客观诊断依据.选择88例肾虚证PMO患者为研究对象,其中肾气虚组37例,肾阴虚组29例,肾阳虚组22例,另设对照组30例,同步检测骨密度、血清睾酮(T)和雌二醇(E2),计算E2/T并进行统计学分析.结果PMO患者骨密度随肾气虚、肾阴虚、肾阳虚依次下降,其中肾阳虚组较对照组和肾气虚组显著下降(P＜0.01);PMO不同肾虚证型组骨密度变化均为Ward＞Neck＞Troch.与对照组比较,不同肾虚证型组T显著升高(P＜0.01),性激素T水平的变化按肾气虚、肾阴虚、肾阳虚逐渐升高,而E2、E2/T则逐渐降低;不同肾虚证型组E2、E2/T较对照组显著下降(P＜0.01).表明①PMO患者骨密度随肾气虚、肾阴虚、肾阳虚依次下降,不同肾虚证型组骨密度变化均为Troch＞Neck＞Ward;②PMO患者性激素T水平的变化按肾气虚、肾阴虚、肾阳虚逐渐升高,而E2、E2/T则逐渐降低;③骨密度和性激素水平反应了肾虚程度,即依肾气虚-肾阴虚-肾阳虚逐渐加重.④骨密度测定值和性激素水平的变化可作为PMO不同肾虚证型的客观评价指标,并为PMO患者不同肾虚证型的治疗效果的观察提供参考依据.     

补肾中药对Colles’骨折患者前臂骨量的影响

目的：研究Colles'骨折的绝经后骨质疏松妇女的骨量丢失情况及补肾中药对其的影响。方法：45名腰椎骨量降低且伴有新鲜Colles'骨折的绝经后妇女随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组给服补肾中药和钙剂,对照组单纯服用钙剂,为期一年。在治疗开始时及其后3、6和12月时测量患肢前臂骨密度。结果：对照组前臂桡骨远端、中远1/3段和中段骨密度在治疗开始3、6月时明显降低（P＜0.05),桡骨中远1/3段骨密度在12月时仍低于治疗开始时（P＜0.05)。而治疗组前臂桡骨中远1/3段和中段骨密度维持不变,其桡骨远端骨密度在3、6和12月时较治疗开始时均明显上升（P＜0.05)。结论：Colles'骨折后桡骨骨量明显减少,补肾中药可阻止这种骨量丢失。     

血清VEGF的表达与肌营养不良症的关系

目的检测肌营养不良症患者的血清血管生长因子（VEGF）水平,鉴定其是否与肌营养不良症的疾病发展有关。方法对46例肌营养不良患者,其中32例Duchenne肌营养不良症（DMD）、9例Becker肌营养不良症（BMD）、5例强直性肌营养不良症（DM）患者的血清VEGF水平进行检测。15例健康人和8例疾病患者为对照组。结果DMD患者血清VEGF为（274．7±2．52）pg／ml,BMD患者的为（358．8±9．64）pg／ml,DM患者为（165．0±6．34）pg／ml,而健康对照组为（148．3±2．91）pg/ml,疾病对照组为（153．7±5．42）pg／ml。与DM组和对照组相比,BMD的VEGF水平显著提高。而DMD组中卧床的患者相对于坐轮椅的DMD、DM组和对照组则VEGF水平显著升高。结论VEGF可以反映肌肉组织低氧和／或缺血状况,并且与DMD和BMD患者的疾病发展过程有关。