纤维支气管镜检取材与细胞学涂片阳性率分析

目的：观察纤维支气管镜(纤支镜)取材对肺癌的诊断价值。方法：对365例肺癌患者经纤支镜直视病灶采用抽吸、刷检、抽吸加钳夹、刷检加钳夹的活检进行分析。结果：支气管内新生物型、浸润型刷检阳性率分别是72．8％、42．1％，刷检加钳夹阳性率分别可达86．7％、66．7％。管腔内膜粗糙型抽吸、抽吸加钳夹阳性率分别为77．9％、88．0％。结论：根据肺部肿瘤生长不同部位，用不同取材方法可提高对肺癌诊断的阳性率。     

Attraction to male pheromones and sexual behaviour show different regulatory mechanisms in female mice

In rodents, female sexual behaviour is under hormonal control. The attraction females show for male-derived nonvolatile chemicals (pheromones) can be regarded as the first step of this behaviour, but it is unknown whether this attraction is also modulated by sexual steroids. To test this possibility, ovariectomized adult female mice with no experience of chemical signals from adult males were randomly assigned to four groups that received oil (control), progesterone, estradiol (E) or estradiol+progesterone (E+P) injections, respectively. Females were then tested for their attraction to male-soiled bedding and, subsequently, for their proceptive behaviour when confronted to adult males. Females showed attraction to male-soiled bedding irrespective of the hormonal treatment, whereas only those females treated with E or E+P showed proceptive behaviour. Therefore, in contrast to proceptive and copulatory behaviour, the female attraction to male pheromones is independent of sexual steroids, thus indicating that those parts of the vomeronasal system involved in this attraction do not respond to steroids. In summary, sexual behaviour in female mice can be seen as a two-step process. First, females are attracted by male pheromones, a process which is independent of their hormonal status. After encountering the males, females show proceptive behaviour only in estrous, when fertilization is more likely. The attraction exerted by male sexual pheromones promotes female autostimulation that might ensure anticipatory endocrine changes leading to ovulation by the time of sexual intercourse.     

Effect of an antiandrogen on attraction function of preputial glands in the wild mouse, Mus musculus L

The present report documents the inhibitory effect of an antiandrogen, cyproterone acetate (1 mg/0.1 ml/day X 3 weeks) on the production of a releaser pheromone from the male's preputial gland eliciting attraction to opposite sex in wild mice.     

Genetic variations in the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region influence attraction for a favorite person and the associated interactions between the central nervous and immune systems

Limbic system activation that occurs when a person experiences several emotions is primarily represented by the amygdala output that influences autonomic brainstem nuclei that control autonomic nervous function, thus modulating the endocrine and immune systems. Amygdala activity is modulated by the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5HTTLPR); however, whether variations in 5HTTLPR influence central nervous and immune activities in response to positive stimuli remains unclear. Here, we found that seeing a favorite person induced significantly higher amygdala activity in individuals with the 5HTTLPR SS genotype than in others. This activity was positively correlated with changes in the NK cell proportion among peripheral lymphocytes. Thus, 5HTTLPR influences attraction and the associated interactions between the central nervous and immune systems in affectively positive situations.