Analyse vidéographique 2D d’exercices fonctionnels avec déplacements verticaux et mesure de la force musculaire isocinétique du genou après ligamentoplastie du ligament croisé antérieur

Introduction

After anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ligamentoplasty, muscular recovery is often compared to asymmetries in monopodal length jumps, but rarely to functional exercises with vertical displacements. The objective of this study is to analyze these asymmetries and to determine the correlations with the muscular force.

Osgood-Schlatter Disease in youth elite football: Minimal time-loss and no association with clinical and ultrasonographic factors

BackgroundOsgood-Schlatter Disease is the most common cause of knee pain in youth. Scientific research in youth elite football is limited.ObjectivesTo assess clinical and ultrasonographic factors associated with Osgood-Schlatter Disease and calculate point prevalence of clinical diagnosis and time-loss in youth elite male football.Study designNested case-control study and cross-sectional prevalence study; Level of evidence: 3.MethodsWe obtained data during the pre-season periodic health evaluation. Osgood-Schlatter Disease diagnosis was defined as (1) athlete-reported anterior knee pain and (2) clinical confirmation by pain provocation at the tibial tuberosity. Time-loss was defined as inability to participate in team training and/or competition.For the nested-case control study, we examined clinical and ultrasonographic factors in the U13 to U16 teams. We matched on calendar-age. The clinical factors were: self-reported history of Sever's disease, growth measures, leg muscles flexibility and strength and ultrasonographic bone maturity stages according to Ehrenborg, For the cross-sectional study, we included players of the U13 to U19 teams to calculate the point prevalence.ResultsThe case-control study consisted 30 players and the cross-sectional study 127 players. Previous Sever's disease was strongly associated with Osgood-Schlatter Disease (OR = 16.8; p = 0.02; 95% CI = 1.6–174.5). None of the other clinical or ultrasonographic factors were associated. The point prevalence was 17% and 80% had no time-loss despite presence of clinical symptoms.ConclusionConsidering the 16.8OR, previous Sever's disease indicates a strong association with Osgood-Schlatter Disease. Although generally suggested, growth velocity and bone maturity are not associated in an age-matched comparison.     

Illness and infection in elite full-contact football-code sports: A systematic review

ObjectivesFull-contact football-code team sports offer a unique environment for illness risk. During training and match-play, players are exposed to high-intensity collisions which may result in skin-on-skin abrasions and transfer of bodily fluids. Understanding the incidence of all illnesses and infections and what impact they cause to time-loss from training and competition is important to improve athlete care within these sports. This review aimed to systematically report, quantify and compare the type, incidence, prevalence and count of illnesses across full-contact football-code team sports.Design/methodsA systematic search of Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO and CINAHL electronic databases was performed from inception to October 2019; keywords relating to illness, athletes and epidemiology were used. Studies were excluded if they did not quantify illness or infection, involve elite athletes, investigate full-contact football-code sports or were review articles.ResultsTwenty-eight studies met the eligibility criteria. Five different football-codes were reported: American football (n = 10), Australian rules football (n = 3), rugby league (n = 2), rugby sevens (n = 3) and rugby union (n = 9). One multi-sport study included both American football and rugby union. Full-contact football-code athletes are most commonly affected by respiratory system illnesses. There is a distinct lack of consensus of illness monitoring methodology.ConclusionsFull-contact football-code team sport athletes are most commonly affected by respiratory system illnesses. Due to various monitoring methodologies, illness incidence could only be compared between studies that used matching incidence exposure measures. High-quality illness surveillance data collection is an essential component to undertake effective and targeted illness prevention in athletes.     

高强度负荷训练对体能主导和技能主导者心电图及相关指标的影响研究

目的 探讨高强度负荷训练对体能主导和技能主导者心电图及相关指标的影响,以期根据运动员的整体机能状态,科学合理地安排训练和比赛。方法 选择浙江体育职业技术学院在2018年1月～2019年1月加入本研究的150名运动员,技能主导类运动员61名纳入技能组,体能主导类运动员89名纳入体能组。两组运动员均给予相同的高强度负荷训练,对两组受试者训练前后分别进行心电图检查,比较两组受试者心电图指标、心率、血压、不良心血管事件发生率。结果 高强度负荷训练后技能组心率减速率(DC)低于体能组,心率变异性(HRV)、QT离散度(QTd)均高于体能组(P0.05)。高强度负荷训练后技能组心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)均高于体能组(P0.05)。技能组不良心血管事件发生率为19.67%(12/61)高于体能组的5.62%(5/89)(P0.05)。结论 运动员经高强度负荷训练后,相比于体能主导者,技能主导者机体交感神经兴奋性明显增强,各项心电图指标有明显改变,增加了运动者的心肌易损性,各种心律失常及不良心血管事件发生增多。     

Strategies for assessing the prevalence of cardiovascular sudden deaths in young competitive athletes

Background/Objectives

Prevalence/incidence of sudden death due to cardiovascular disease in young competitive athletes has become an important part of the debate over the most effective and practical preparticipation screening strategies for this population. Since event reporting is not mandatory, identification of cases has been achieved largely through publicly available data and internet searches. The accuracy of this methodology has not been studied and deserves scrutiny.

Methods

We assessed recognition of sudden cardiovascular deaths in college (NCAA) athletes with the U.S. National Registry of Sudden Death in Athletes that uses largely public domain sources, and also the NCAA Memorial Resolutions List.

Results

For 2002–2011, 64 total sudden death cases were identified by both sources. The Registry identified 56 cases (88%), including 14 not found in the NCAA List. The NCAA List identified 50 cases (78%), including 8 unrecognized by the Registry (p = 0.16). Failure to initially recognize these 8 deaths using established Registry search mechanisms was due to the absence of key search terms in media reports. Cases not identified by the 2 methodologies did not differ significantly regarding demographics, cause of death, or sport.

Conclusions

Internet-based, public domain methodology is useful and identified more cases of sudden cardiovascular death in college athletes than did the internal list provided by the NCAA. Nevertheless, these findings support the principle that multiple sources are additive and beneficial in identifying the maximum number of sudden death events.     

Comparison of shoulder range of motion,strength, and upper quarter dynamic balance between NCAA division I overhead athletes with and without a history of shoulder injury

ObjectiveTo determine differences in shoulder range of motion, strength, and upper quarter dynamic balance between collegiate overhead athletes with and without a history of a shoulder injury.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingAthletic training clinic.Participants58 overhead athletes who were fully participating in NCAA Division I overhead sports (baseball, softball, volleyball, and tennis) and free of any current shoulder injury were included. Participants were divided into a shoulder injury history group (n = 25) and uninjured group (n = 33). Participants in the shoulder injury history group had a previously resolved shoulder injury.Main outcome measuresActive range of motion assessments for shoulder internal rotation, external rotation, and horizontal adduction. Isometric strength assessments for shoulder IR and ER. The Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test.ResultsThe shoulder injury history group demonstrated a lower Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test mean score in the superolateral direction (p = .03, d = 0.56), but no group differences existed for other results (p > .05).ConclusionsOverhead athletes with a history of shoulder injury had worse upper quarter dynamic balance versus those without the history. From a clinical perspective, the findings may have significant implications for developing shoulder re-injury prevention and rehabilitation protocols in relation to their shoulder injury history.     

ACL Injury prevention in female athletes: review of the literature and practical considerations in implementing an ACL prevention program

Female athletes are at 3.5 times risk of sustaining a non-contact ACL injury compared with males. Research has shown that this gender discrepancy results from differences in neuromuscular adaptations and biomechanics related to landing techniques. Studies have examined the preventative effect of ACL prevention programs, which have been designed to address these risky neuromuscular and biomechanical patterns. We review the key studies on ACL prevention in female athletes and summarize the critical components of ACL prevention strategies that have been shown to successfully decrease ACL injury risk. We also discuss recommendations and practical considerations in the implementation of ACL prevention programs in various community settings.