二丁酰环磷腺苷钙联合生脉、黄芪注射液治疗慢性心力衰竭的临床效果

目的观察二丁酰环磷腺苷钙联合生脉、黄芪注射液治疗慢性心力衰竭(chronic heart failure,CHF)的临床效果。方法将80例CHF随机分为研究组和对照组,每组40例。对照组予强心、利尿等常规抗心力衰竭治疗,研究组在常规治疗基础上予二丁酰环磷腺苷钙联合生脉、黄芪注射液治疗。疗程均为2周,疗程结束后比较两组疗效。结果研究组、对照组治疗后心功能均有所改善,总有效率分别为95.0%、80.0%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);6 min步行试验总有效率分别为87.5%、75.0%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后两组N末端B型利钠肽前体(NT-pro BNP)水平均有所下降(P0.01),研究组较对照组下降更为明显(P0.05);两组左心室舒张末内径(LVEDD)较治疗前均缩小(P0.05),左心室射血分数(LVEF)、心输出量(CO)均较治疗前提高(P0.05),研究组上述指标改善优于对照组(P0.01)。两组治疗中均未发现明显不良反应。结论二丁酰环磷腺苷钙联合生脉、黄芪注射液治疗CHF能更好地改善心功能,提高患者的生活质量。     

三七总皂苷对博来霉素诱导的大鼠急性弥漫性肺泡损伤的保护作用研究

目的研究三七总皂苷(PNS)对博来霉素诱导的大鼠急性弥漫性肺泡损伤(ADAD)的保护作用。方法将24只SD大鼠随机分为3组,A组静脉注射0.9%氯化钠溶液1.5 ml/kg作为对照;B组和C组静脉注射博来霉素诱导ADAD,而后B组注射0.9%氯化钠溶液,C组静脉注射PNS,均连续注射3 d。3 d后测定3组动脉血浆肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平、支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中巨噬细胞(PAM)和中性粒细胞(PMN)总数、BALF中蛋白质和肺组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平;计算肺组织含水率;光学显微镜下观察肺组织形态学改变。结果 B组大鼠TNF-α水平、PMN总数、蛋白质及含水率高于C组,C组高于A组(P0.01);B组SOD水平低于C组,C组低于A组(P0.05)。3组PAM总数比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。光学显微镜下观察到B组肺组织间质水肿、细胞浸润明显,相比C组肺组织以上改变明显减轻。结论 PNS对博来霉素诱导的大鼠ADAD具有减轻和保护作用。     

三七总皂苷对慢性心力衰竭大鼠心功能的改善作用及其机制

目的：观察三七总皂苷对慢性心力衰竭（CHF）模型大鼠心功能的改善作用,探讨其可能机制。方法：采用腹主动脉缩窄术建立CHF大鼠模型。将60只模型大鼠随机分为模型组,阳性对照组,低、中和高剂量三七总皂苷组,每组12只;另取12只大鼠作为假手术组。彩色多普勒超声检测大鼠左室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、左室收缩末期内径（LVESD）、左室后壁舒张期厚度（LVPWD）、左室射血分数（LVEF）、心输出量（CO）、左室舒张末压（LVEDP）、左室收缩压（LVSP）、左心室压力最大上升速率（+dp/dt max）和左心室压力最大下降速率（-dp/dt max）,HE染色观察各组大鼠心肌组织病理形态表现,TUNEL法检测各组大鼠心肌细胞凋亡率,Western blotting法检测各组大鼠心肌组织中细胞外信号调节激酶（ERK）、磷酸化ERK （p-ERK）、c-Jun氨基末端激酶（JNK）、磷酸化JNK （p-JNK）、p38和p-p38蛋白表达水平,ELISA法检测各组大鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）和白细胞介素6（IL-6）水平。结果：与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠LVEDD、LVESD、LVPWD、LVEDP和-dp/dt max明显升高（P<0.05）,LVEF、CO、LVSP及+dp/dt max明显降低（P<0.05）;与模型组比较,阳性对照组和低、中及高剂量三七总皂苷组大鼠LVEDD、LVESD、LVPWD、LVEDP和-dp/dt max明显降低（P<0.05）,LVEF、CO、LVSP和+dp/dt max明显升高（P<0.05）。模型组大鼠心肌细胞肥大、坏死,心肌纤维排列不规则,出现炎性细胞浸润,大量心肌细胞凋亡,阳性对照组和低、中及高剂量三七总皂苷组大鼠心肌组织结构较完整,心肌细胞肥大减轻,心肌纤维排列疏松。与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠心肌细胞凋亡率明显升高（P<0.05）,心肌组织中p-ERK、p-JNK和p-p38蛋白表达水平明显升高（P<0.05）,血清TNF-α和IL-6水平明显升高（P<0.05）。与模型组比较,阳性对照组和低、中及高剂量三七总皂苷组大鼠心肌细胞凋亡率明显降低（P<0.05）,心肌组织中p-ERK、p-JNK和p-p38蛋白表达水平明显降低（P<0.05）,血清TNF-α和IL-6水平明显降低（P<0.05）。结论：三七总皂苷可通过下调心肌组织中p-ERK、p-JNK和p-p38蛋白表达水平,抑制血清炎性因子分泌,从而抑制心肌细胞调亡,对CHF有一定的改善作用。     

Composition of Ophiopogon Polysaccharide, Notoginseng Total Saponins and Rhizoma Coptidis Alkaloids Inhibits Myocardial Apoptosis in Diabetic Atherosclerosis Rabbits

Objective: To investigate the effects of Composition of Ophiopogon polysaccharide, Notoginseng total saponins and Rhizoma Coptidis alkaloids (CONR) on myocardial apoptosis of diabetic atherosclerosis (DA) rabbits Methods: Sixty male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 6 groups [control group, model group, CONR high-dose group (450 mg/kg), CONR medium-dose group (150 mg/kg), CONR low-dose group (50 mg/kg), and simvastatin group] by using a completely random method, 10 in each group. DA model was established by intravenously injected alloxan combined with high-fat diet and abdominal aortic balloon injury. After mediation for 10 weeks, fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (GHB), glycosylated serum protein (GSP), fructoseamine (FRA), aldose reductase (AR), advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in serum were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method; the expression of receptor of AGEs (RAGE) in myocardial tissue were observed by immunohistochemical method; and p-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), caspase-3, B-cell lymphoma-2 (bcl-2) protein expression in myocardial tissue were measured by Western blotting. The myocardial apoptosis was detected by TdT-mediated dUTPnick-end labeling (TUNEL)method, and apoptosis index (AI) was calculated. Results: Compared with the control group, serum FBG, GHB, GSP, FRA, AR, AGEs and the expression of myocardium RAGE, p-JNK, caspase-3 proteins, as well as apoptosis index (AI) were significantly increased and bcl-2 protein was significantly decreased in the model group (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the levels of serum FBG, GHB, GSP, FRA and AR showed a significant decline in CONR high- and medium-dose groups (P<0.01). FBG and GHB showed a significant decline in CONR low-dose group (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the expression of serum AGEs and myocardium RAGE, p-JNK and caspase-3 protein as well as AI were significantly decreased and bcl-2 protein was significantly up-regulated in all treatment groups (P<0.01); high-dose CONR had the most significant effect on abovementioned indices compared with other treatment groups (P<0.01). Middle-dose CONR had better effect on serum AGEs compared with the low-dose group (P<0.01); middle-dose CONR and simvastatin groups had better effect on the expression of caspase-3, bcl-2 protein, myocardium apoptosis compared with the CONR low-dose group (P<0.01). Conclusion: CONR may effectively inhibit myocardial apoptosis on DA rabbits by intervening AGEs-RAGE and JNK, caspase-3, and bcl-2 protein expressions.     

黄芪、三七及其配伍对萎缩性胃炎大鼠胃黏膜热休克蛋白70基因表达的影响

目的:阐明黄芪、三七及其配伍对萎缩性胃炎大鼠胃黏膜热休克蛋白70基因表达的影响.方法:健康、清洁级♂Wistar大鼠64只,随机分为空白组9只、假手术组10只,模型组9只,替普瑞酮组9只,黄芪组9只,三七组9只,黄芪+三七组9只.运用幽门弹簧配合高盐热淀粉糊灌胃法制备萎缩性胃炎模型,治疗期共1mo,治疗期间空白组、假手术组、模型组予生理盐水2mL/d灌胃;黄芪组予黄芪水煎剂3.5g/(kg.d)灌胃;三七组予三七粉冲剂0.7g/(kg.d)灌胃;黄芪+三七组予黄芪三七溶液灌胃[其中黄芪3.5g/(kg.d),三七0.7g/(kg.d)];替普瑞酮组治疗期予200mg/(kg.d),治疗结束后,各组取3只,实时定量PCR法测定各组大鼠胃黏膜中Hsp70 mRNA表达量,Western blot法测定Hsp70/Hsp72蛋白表达量,余大鼠HE法观察胃黏膜病理变化.结果:模型组与假手术组相比,其胃黏膜体积构成比明显下降(P<0.01);替普瑞酮组较模型组胃黏膜体积构成比明显升高(P<0.01),黄芪组、三七组和黄芪+三七组与模型组相比,可以明显提高胃黏膜体积构成比(P<0.01),与替普瑞酮比较,差异无统计学差异(P>0.05),黄芪组、三七组、黄芪+三七组之间亦没有统计学差异(P>0.05).黄芪组、三七组胃黏膜中Hsp70 mRNA表达与模型组比较显著升高(P<0.01).各组Hsp70/72蛋白表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:黄芪、三七及其配伍可以明显改善萎缩性胃炎大鼠胃黏膜的萎缩状态.诱导热休克蛋白70基因表达可能是黄芪、三七治疗萎缩性胃炎的作用机制之一.     

The effects of Panax notoginseng saponins on the cytokines and peritoneal function in rats with peritoneal fibrosis

Abstract

Background: Due to the long-term and chronic exposure to the peritoneal dialysis fluid, patients could develop peritoneal fibrosis and ultrafiltration failure which compromises treatment efficacy and outcome, and fibrosis is the major cause of peritoneal dialysis (PD) withdraw among patients. Methods: Twenty-one male WISTAR rats were randomly assigned to three groups, namely saline group, standard peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) group, and panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) group. Peritoneal fibrosis was induced by daily injection of PDF for 4 weeks. After execution, multiple histological techniques including HE and Masson's trichrome staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were applied to observe the pathological changes and concentrations of multiple cytokines may involve in the process of fibrosis were determined by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). Biochemistry parameters were determined by automated chemistry analyzer. Results: PNS can significantly inhibit the expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) in the peritoneum of rats. Furthermore, pathological damages, including extracellular matrix deposition, vascularization, and fibroblast, were ameliorated in PNS group when being compared with standard PDF group. Peritoneal functions were improved by regular PNS treatment with significantly elevated ultrafiltration. Conclusion: PNS is capable of improving peritoneal function in subjects with PDF exposure and can possibly applied in patients with PD after further verification.     

黄芪对自体脂肪颗粒移植存活率的影响

目的探讨黄芪对自体脂肪颗粒移植成活率的影响。方法建立新西兰大白兔自体脂肪移植动物模型,设立实验组和对照组,实验组予以肌肉注射不同剂量的黄芪注射液。检测血液中VEGF含量,脂肪移植体剩余重量,计算移植脂肪的存活率;HE染色后镜下观察脂肪移植组织细胞形态和血管密度;血管内皮细胞Ⅷ因子免疫组化法观察新生血管生长情况及密度。结果实验组移植脂肪组织存活率明显高于对照组;实验组血清VEGF表达水平明显高于对照组;HE染色及血管内皮细胞Ⅷ因子免疫组织化学染色显示实验组在脂肪细胞数量、形态、脂肪移植体纤维化程度及新生毛细血管密度等方面均优于对照组。结论黄芪注射液能够显著提高新西兰大白兔自体脂肪颗粒移植的存活率。     

基于UPLC-MS/MS联用微透析技术的三七总皂苷在帕金森病小鼠模型中的药动学和药效学研究

目的探究1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(MPTP)诱导的帕金森病(PD)模型小鼠以三七总皂苷干预后,脑微透析液中三七皂苷R1(R1)、人参皂苷Rg1(Rg1)和氨基酸神经递质的含量变化。方法给小鼠ip MPTP造成PD小鼠模型,经iv三七总皂苷(PNS)溶液后,采用微透析技术采集脑微透析液。将样品分为2部分,一部分采用UPLC-MS/MS对R1和Rg1进行药动学研究,另一部分采用氨基酸柱前衍生化和HPLC-FLD进行药效学研究。结果小鼠iv PNS后,脑微透析液中R1的峰浓度(Cmax)为(35.48±24.4)ng/mL,Rg1的Cmax为(75.61±41.35)ng/m L。R1和Rg1的达峰时间(tmax)均为1.75 h。R1和Rg1的药时曲线下面积(AUC)分别为(100.12±84.29)ng·h/m L和(218.84±144.73)ng·h/m L。且给予PNS后的PD模型小鼠体内天冬氨酸和谷氨酸浓度降低,甘氨酸、牛磺酸和γ-氨基丁酸浓度增加。结论 PNS能一定程度透过血脑屏障(BBB)进入脑内,调节PD模型小鼠体内氨基酸水平的失衡,进而发挥神经保护作用。     

黄芪和当归的主要活性成分配伍促进衰老造血干细胞增殖作用的研究

目的探讨黄芪和当归的主要活性成分黄芪甲苷、芒柄花素、毛蕊异黄酮、毛蕊异黄酮苷和阿魏酸配伍对衰老造血干细胞(HSCs)增殖的影响,并从细胞周期调控研究其作用机制。方法以三丁基过氧化氢(T-BHP)构建小鼠HSCs衰老模型,研究不同质量浓度5种活性成分对HSCs衰老和增殖的影响,寻找可促进细胞增殖的主要活性成分。在此基础上,采用正交试验研究5种活性成分配伍对HSCs衰老和增殖的影响,寻找5种活性成分促进细胞增殖的合理配伍。最后,采用HSCs衰老模型,制备黄芪-当归1∶1配伍含药血浆,设立对照组、模型组、空白血浆组、阿魏酸组、黄芪甲苷组、芒柄花素组、毛蕊异黄酮组、毛蕊异黄酮苷组、活性成分配伍组、黄芪-当归1∶1含药血浆组,药物作用于衰老细胞,以SA-β-半乳糖苷酶(SA-β-Gal)染色法测定HSCs衰老率,CCK-8法测定细胞增殖率,流式细胞术检测细胞周期分布,Western blotting法检测Cyclin D1、细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶4(CDK4)蛋白表达。结果阿魏酸、黄芪甲苷、芒柄花素均可显著促进衰老HSCs增殖和降低细胞衰老率,而毛蕊异黄酮、毛蕊异黄酮苷单独应用对HSCs增殖和细胞衰老率无显著影响。正交试验发现,以阿魏酸、芒柄花素和黄芪甲苷为基础因子,毛蕊异黄酮和毛蕊异黄酮苷为次要因子进行配伍的5种活性成分组合促细胞增殖和降低细胞衰老率的作用最强。阿魏酸、黄芪甲苷、芒柄花素、活性成分配伍、含药血浆均可降低细胞衰老率,使G0/G1期细胞减少,G2/M+S期细胞增加,并使Cyclin D1和CDK4蛋白表达增强。以上效应以活性成分配伍组和含药血浆组最强。结论黄芪和当归的主要活性成分阿魏酸、黄芪甲苷和芒柄花素对衰老HSCs具有促增殖和改善衰老作用,而毛蕊异黄酮和毛蕊异黄酮苷单用时并无明显的作用。当5种活性成分配伍后对衰老HSCs的促增殖作用最强,并可改善HSCs衰老,促进衰老HSCs由静止期向增殖期转换。黄芪和当归的主要活性成分及其配伍促HSCs增殖和抗HSCs衰老的作用可能与调节细胞周期相关蛋白表达及促进细胞周期转换有关。     

基于UHPLC-Q-OrbitrapHRMS技术的参桂胶囊中主要化学成分研究

目的为更加全面、系统、快速地表征参桂胶囊有效化学成分谱,采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UHPLC-Q-OrbitrapHRMS)技术对参桂胶囊中主要化学成分进行快速识别和归属分类。方法采用ACQUITY UPLC?BEH C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm),以乙腈(A)-0.1%甲酸水(B)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,以实现化合物的前期分离;然后通过Q-Orbitrap MS正、负离子同时监测,一级全扫描及自动触发二级质谱扫描的模式捕捉未知成分的精确相对分子质量及碎片离子信息,同时与对照品的保留时间和质谱数据信息进行匹配,并结合相关文献以及Chemical Book、Mass Bank等数据库最终实现对中药中复杂成分的快速准确识别。结果本研究共鉴定出40种化学成分,其中包括16种皂苷类、6种有机酸类、13种内酯类及5种其他类。结论本法可快速、准确地识别参桂胶囊中主要化学成分,同时为其进一步的药效物质基础、质量控制及临床合理应用等研究奠定了科学的前期基础。