L—arginine promotes the repair process of endothelium in ischemia—reperfused arteries of rats

ＴＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＢｉｏｐｈｙｓｉｃｓ ,ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＭｅｄｉｃａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ ,Ｓｈａｎｇｈａｉ2 0 0 0 32 ,Ｃｈｉｎａ (ＺｈｏｕＷＸ ,ＪｉａｎｇＪＷ ,ＱｉＬａｎｄＺｈｏｎｇＣＳ)ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＮｅｕｒｏｂｉｏｌｏｇｙ ,ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＭｅｄｉｃａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ ,Ｓｈａｎｇｈａｉ 2 0 0 0 32 ,Ｃｈｉｎａ (ＳｕｎＡＹ)ＨｕａｓｈａｎＨｏｓｐｉｔａｌ,ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＭｅｄｉｃａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ ,Ｓｈａｎｇｈａｉ2 0 0 0 40 ,Ｃｈｉｎａ (ＧｕＹＤ)Ｔｈｉｓｗｏｒｋ…     

芪苈强心胶囊对慢性心力衰竭大鼠心脏功能及血浆血管加压素的影响

目的探讨芪苈强心胶囊对慢性心力衰竭(CHF)大鼠心脏功能及血浆血管加压素(AVP)的影响。方法 SD大鼠结扎冠脉前降支,建立CHF大鼠模型,将大鼠随机分为慢性心力衰竭组(C组),芪苈强心高、中、低剂量治疗组(Q1、Q2、Q3组)和呋塞米治疗组(F组),另设假手术组(S组)。药物灌胃6周后检测大鼠超声心动图和血流动力学指标,放射免疫法测定血浆AVP浓度。结果与S组比较,C组大鼠心脏功能显著减退,血浆AVP浓度显著升高(P<0.01)。经过芪苈强心胶囊治疗后,Q1、Q2、Q3组大鼠心脏功能、血流动力学指标均有显著改善,血浆AVP浓度显著降低(P<0.05);F组大鼠心脏功能及血流动力学指标均无显著改善,而血浆AVP浓度显著升高(P<0.05)。结论芪苈强心胶囊可以改善CHF大鼠的心脏功能,降低血浆AVP浓度。     

白眉短尾蝮蛇青精氨酸酯酶组分的药理研究 (一)血液流变学方面作用

白眉短尾蝮蛇(Agkistrodon h Brevicaudus Stejneger)毒的精氨酸酯酶组分以0.024u～0.4u/kg剂量给药,使家兔、狗的血浆纤维蛋白原、血脂、红细胞压积、全血比粘度、血浆比粘度均降低。从整体及试管实验证明能改变家兔、狗的血液流变学等几项指标。     

Comparative HGH response to i.v. glucagon and i.v. arginine stimulation tests in children and adolescents

Thirty-seven children and adolescents of several diagnostic entitites (constitutional growth retardation, diabetes mellitus and pituitary insufficiency) were tested with an i.v. bolus injection of glucagon for plasma human growth hormone (HGH) response. Most of the subjects were also tested for the same purpose by the arginine stimulation test, and the data were compared.It was found that i.v. glucagon is a potent stimulus of human growth hormone release. The HGH is released in two peaks, the first one occuring within 30 min, most probably by a direct effect. The second peak occurs after 120 min, most probably as a secondary effect caused by the drop in blood glucose after its initial rise, which is induced by glucagon. The peak concentrations of HGH induced by glucagon, were very similar to those provoked by i.v. arginine in the same subjects.     

Hyponatremia in central partial diabetes insipidus due to postoperative hypothalamic tumor

We report the case of a 4-year-old boy with a postoperative hypothalamic tumor, who exhibited unusual water and electrolyte disturbance. This developed as a late manifestation during the course of central diabetes insipidus (DI), which started when the patient was 2 years old. Clinically, hyponatremia and DI appeared alternatlely within 1 day. The hyponatremia (lowest value Na⁺ 115 mmol/l) was associated with afebrile convulsions. Assessment of fluid status revealed that the patient had a reduced capacity for arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion (partial DI), which was not physiologically regulated and which was not concomitantly sufficient to produce maximally concentrated urine and allow the production of maximally diluted urine. This defective osmoreceptor function in association with the previously existing reduced capacity for AVP release seemed to be responsible for the fluid disturbance in the patient. The administration of nasal 1-desamino-8d-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) only when urine output was increased, instead of regular administration at a fixed time, prevented both worsening of hyponatremia and development of DI.     

豚鼠耳蜗微动脉自律运动的连续观察及分析

目的探讨耳蜗微动脉自律运动的频率特性、收缩特性的特征参数。方法采用微循环数字图像检测和分析方法，根据微动脉管径动态变化的跟踪测量结果，利用快速富里叶频谱转换进行定量分析。结果正常状态下耳蜗微动脉存在运动幅度较小的自律运动，自律运动的频率为（０．０２１±０．００２）Ｈｚ，振幅为（０．３７±０．１１）μｍ，管径变化范围为（１２．２９±１．９０）μｍ～（１０．４１±３．０３）μｍ，平均管径为（１１．２０±２．７０）μｍ，收缩指数为０．４２±０．１７。静脉注入Ｌ精氨酸后，耳蜗微动脉的血管运动被激活，在给药１０ｍｉｎ时振幅达（０．８４±０．０１）μｍ，频率增加为（０．０６８±０．００２）Ｈｚ，与用药前相比有显著的统计学意义。结论正常耳蜗微动脉存在运动幅度较小的自律运动，Ｌ精氨酸能显著增加微动脉自律运动的频率及振幅，增强了耳蜗微循环的功能，使耳蜗血流量增加。     

Biochemical basis of alcoholism: statements and hypotheses of present research

Experimental results and theoretical considerations on the biology of alcoholism are devoted to the following topics: genetically determined differences in metabolic tolerance; participation of the alternative alcohol metabolizing systems in chronic alcohol intake; genetically determined differences in functional tolerance of the CNS to the hypnotic effect of alcohol; cross tolerance between alcohol and centrally active drugs; dissociation of tolerance and cross tolerance from physical dependence; permanent effect of uncontrolled drinking behavior induced by alkaloid metabolites in the CNS; genetically determined alterations in the function of opiate receptors; and genetic predisposition to addiction due to innate endorphin deficiency. For the purpose of introducing the most important research teams and their main work, statements from selected publications of individual groups have been classified as to subject matter and summarized. Although the number for summary-quotations had to be restricted, the criterion for selection was the relevance to the etiology of alcoholism rather than consequences of alcohol drinking.     

Cyclic AMP antagonizes adenosine-induced inhibition of ganglionic transmission

The mechanism of adenosine-induced inhibition of ganglionic transmission was investigated in the isolated superior cervical ganglion (SCG) of the rat. The inhibitory effect of adenosine on the postganglionic compound action potential (CAP) was antagonized by pretreatment of ganglia with forskolin, isoproterenol (IPNE), arginine vasopressin (AVP), or papaverine, all of which are known to increase tissue cAMP level by different mechanisms. Furthermore, pretreatment of ganglia with the adenylate cyclase inhibitor SQ 22,536, or the phosphodiesterase activator imidazole reversed the effects of IPNE and forskolin. Pretreatment with 8-bromo-cAMP, resulted in a marked antagonism of the adenosine-induced inhibition. By themselves, none of these drugs had any significant effect on the CAP. Adenosine slightly but significantly decreased the basal level of cAMP in untreated ganglia. Formation of cAMP induced by IPNE was markedly reduced by adenosine. This was largely reversed in the presence of the adenosine A₁ receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) but not the A₂ receptor antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DPMX). We conclude that the inhibition of ganglionic transmission by adenosine involves reduction of cAMP formation through activation of A₁ receptors.     

含特殊营养物质的肠内营养对消化道肿瘤手术后机体免疫及炎性反应的影响

目的：评价含谷氨酰胺、精氨酸、ω－3多不饱和脂肪酸等特殊营养物质的免疫增强型肠内营养制剂对肿瘤病人手术创伤后代谢、炎性反应及免疫功能的影响。方法：48例消化道恶性肿瘤手术病人，随机分为普通肠内营养组（对照组）和特殊肠内营养组（研究组）。手术后第1天开始给予等热量、等氨量肠内营养支持1周。于术前、术后第1天和研究结束时，分别检测多形核白细胞（PMN）的趋向性和吞噬功能，PMN在吞噬过程中氧化代谢情况，巨噬细胞一氧化氮自由基（NO）产生量，血清细胞因子IL－1、IL－2、IL－6及TNF－α浓度，外周血淋巴细胞总数、T细胞亚群（CD3、CD4、CD8）及NK细胞数和NK细胞活性，血清中前列腺素E2浓度，外周血中C－反应蛋白质（CRP）、α－抗胰蛋白酶和纤维蛋白原等急性相反应蛋白浓度。结果：消化道手术后早期两组肠内营养均有较好的耐受性。经过1周肠内营养支持，研究组病人血清谷氨酰胺及精氨酸水平明显高于对照组；血淋巴细胞总数、CD3、CD4及NK细胞水平明显高于对照组；NO水平高于对照组。研究组病人PMN的吞噬能力及氧化代谢状况均明显高于对照组。相反，研究组病人血IL－6、TNF－α浓度及血CRP水平却明显低于对照组。结论：消化道手术后早期肠内营养支持是安全有效的，含谷氨酰胺、精氨酸、ω－3多不饱和脂肪酸等特殊营养物质的免疫增强型肠内营养制剂可改变肿瘤病人手术创伤后代谢、炎性反应，改善机体免疫功能。