对《中国药典》2010年版盐酸精氨酸含量测定方法的改进

目的：建立《中国药典》2010年版盐酸精氨酸含量测定中革除汞盐的方法.方法：采用电位滴定法,用醋酸钠滴定液对高氯酸进行返滴定.结果：空白溶液不干扰测定,方法精密度为99.5％（RSD=0.22％,n=6）,准确度良好,测定值与真实值相对偏差为0.05％,供试品溶液在4h内稳定.革除汞盐后方法含量测定结果与原方法测定结果基本一致,可代替原方法.结论：该方法简便、易行,精密度与准确度良好,可用于盐酸精氨酸含量测定.     

高效液相色谱法测定注射用盐酸头孢吡肟中精氨酸含量

目的 改进中国药典2010年版中注射用盐酸头孢吡肟中精氨酸的含量测定方法.方法 采用Agilent Extend-C18柱（5μm,4.6×250mm）,含0.015mol·L-1辛烷磺酸钠的0.1mol·L-1的磷酸二氢钠 （用氢氧化钠试液调节pH值至5.0）-甲醇（94：6）为流动相,流速：1.0mL·L-1,检测波长206nm,精氨酸浓度为0.1mg·mL-1,柱温控制在40℃.结果 克服了原方法中精氨酸峰形严重拖尾问题;本方法中精氨酸在0.3μg～1.4μg范围内,线性关系较好（r=0.9977）,平均回收率为99.17%,RSD为1.8%.结论 方法可用于注射用盐酸头孢吡肟中精氨酸的含量测定,结果准确可靠.     

Evidence for a limited role of NAD(P)H in the nutritional regulation of glucagon release: Studies with menadione and NH4Cl

Summary Menadione and NH₄Cl were reported to lower the islet content of reduced pyridine nucleotides. They were used to investigate the possible significance of NAD(P)H in the regulation of glucagon release by glucose and arginine. Menadione (10–25 μmol/l) enhanced arginine-stimulated glucagon release at a low glucose concentration (3.3 mmol/l), but failed both to affect glucagon secretion in the sole presence of glucose (3.3 mmol/l) and to suppress the inhibitory action of glucose 11.1 mmol/l upon glucagon output. In contrast to menadione, NH₄Cl inhibited arginine-stimulated glucagon release at the low glucose concentration. The inhibitory action of glucose in high concentration upon glucagon release was not suppressed by NH₄Cl. These findings do not permit to extrapolate to the A₂-cell the concept that reduced pyridine nucleotides represent a major coupling factor in the nutritional regulation of hormonal release.     

Insulin secretion in patients with myotonic dystrophy and their relatives

Summary Oral glucose, i.v. tolbutamide and i.v. arginine tolerance tests were performed in 11 patients with myotonic dystrophy and 9 of their clinically unaffected relatives. Five of the myotonic patients had glucose intolerance; 7 had exaggerated immunoreactive insulin (IRI) response to glucose. One of the 9 relatives demonstrated glucose intolerance and none had exaggerated insulin response to glucose. Three relatives, all obese, hyperresponded to arginine and one of them also responded excessively to tolbutamide. The results indicate that an exaggerated IRI response to glucose is common in myotonic dystrophy. Enhanced responses to other stimuli are less frequent. Although glucose intolerance occurred in half of the patients, the fact that the highest IRI levels were seen in non-diabetic patients suggests that this excessive response may protect against glucose intolerance. Our studies in relatives do not support the potential usefulness of testing for hyperinsulinemia in the early detection of myotonic dystrophy. Presented at the 9th International Diabetes Federation Congress in New Delhi, India, November 2, 1976.     

Behavior of pancreatic glucagon,insulin, and HGH in liver cirrhosis,after arginine and i.v. glucose

Summary The authors studied the behavior of plasma levels of glucagon, HGH and insulin in a group of cirrhotic patients both in basal conditions and after i.v. arginine and glucose in order to assess their respective importance in the pathogenesis of carbohydrate disorders. After i.v. arginine an increased plasma concentration of pancreatic glucagon was found which reached its highest level at 15 min; i.e. glucose did not suppress the increased plasma glucagon levels. Plasma HGH which is consistently increased is not influenced by i.v. glucose. Plasma insulin was consistently raised during both tests; however, the insulinogenic index after i.v. glucose behaved like that of mild diabetics. The true importance of glucagon in the pathogenesis of carbohydrate intolerance in cirrhotics cannot as yet be determined with certainty; according to the authors, hyperglucagonemia is not the primary factor but only one of the main causes of this intolerance.     

A star-shaped porphyrin-arginine functionalized poly(l-lysine) copolymer for photo-enhanced drug and gene co-delivery

The co-delivery of drug and gene has become the primary strategy in cancer and other disease therapy. To co-deliver hydrophobic drug and functional gene efficiently into tumor cells, a star-shaped copolymer (PP-PLLD-Arg) with a photochemical internalization effect consisting of a porphyrin (PP) core and arginine-functionalized poly(l-lysine) dendron (PLLD-Arg) arms has been designed, and used to co-deliver docetaxel (DOC) and MMP-9 shRNA plasmid for nasopharyngeal cancer therapy. It was found that PP-PLLD-Arg/MMP-9 nanocomplex showed the photo-enhanced gene transfection efficiency in vitro, and could mediate a significant reduce of MMP-9 protein expression in HNE-1 cells. For co-delivery analysis, the obtained PP-PLLD-Arg/DOC/MMP-9 complexes could induce a more significant apoptosis than DOC or MMP-9 used only, and decreased invasive capacity of HNE-1 cells. Moreover, the star-shaped copolymer exhibited better blood compatibility and lower cytotoxicity compared to PEI-25k in the hemolysis and MTT assays, and also showed a good biocompatibility in vivo. Therefore, PP-PLLD-Arg with suited irradiation is a promising non-toxic and photo-inducible effective drug and gene delivery strategy, which should be encouraged in tumor therapy.     

补阳还五汤治疗大鼠气虚血瘀型脑缺血的代谢组学研究

目的：探讨补阳还五汤对气虚血瘀型脑缺血大鼠生物代谢途径的影响。方法：将30只大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组和补阳还五汤组(3.49 g/kg)。模型组和补阳还五汤组采用荧光微球诱导多发性脑梗死合并睡眠剥夺,建立气虚血瘀型脑缺血动物模型,并分别给予蒸馏水或补阳还五汤灌胃。假手术组给予蒸馏水灌胃,不睡眠剥夺和微球注射。记录各组大鼠的体质量。实验结束后,处死大鼠,采血分析。酶联免疫吸附试验法检测大鼠血清中血栓素B₂(TXB₂)和6-酮基-前列环素1α(6-keto-PGF_1α)水平。采用液质联用的代谢组学方法检测血清样品。结果：与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠平均体质量明显降低,TXB₂/6-keto-PGF_1α比值升高(均P<0.05);与模型组比较,补阳还五汤组大鼠平均体质量升高,药物干预可降低TXB₂/6-keto-PGF_1α比值(P<0.05)。代谢组学结果显示,假手术组与模型组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),补阳...     

静脉滴注L-精氨酸对充血性心力衰竭患者的急性血流动力学效应

目的：评价充血性心力衰竭患静脉滴注L－精氨酸（L－arg）的急性血流动力学效应,探讨L－arg治疗心力衰竭的机制。方法：36例心力衰竭患（心功能Ⅳ级1例,Ⅲ级24例,Ⅱ1级11例）,以20％L－arg100ml加入5％葡萄糖溶液100ml,1h内恒速静脉滴注,每日1次,连续7d。记录用药后心率、血压变化,并对其中11例患（心功能Ⅲ级8例,Ⅱ级3例）采用有创检查观察血流动力学效应,同时测定用药后血液和尿液一氧化氮（NO）。结果：静脉滴注L－arg5min收缩压、舒张压、收缩压与心率乘积均有显降低（P＜0．05）,最大效应时间10－60min,心率无变化。血流动力学检查结果表明,静脉滴注L－arg可使平均动脉压和体循环阻力、肺动脉压、肺毛细血管嵌压、肺血管阻力显降低（P＜0．05－0．01）,心指数和左心室作功指数显增加（P＜0．01）。用药后尿液NO显升高。结论：心力衰竭患静脉滴注L－arg增加了体内NO,血流动力学明显改善。     

Effects of a phorbol ester and diacyglycerols on secretion of mucin and arginine esterase by rat submandibular gland cells

The effects of a phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and a diacylglyceride, 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-glycerol (OAG) on the secretion of two major exocrine products by dispersed rat submandibular cells were investigated. TPA stimulated the release of acinar cell mucin and ductal cell protease (arginine esterase) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Mucin secretion was also provoked by OAG, which, however, had no effect on arginine esterase release. The unsaturated diacylglycerol, 1,2-diolein, elicited a greater mucosecretory response than did OAG at the same concentration, while the saturated 1,2-distearin produced a smaller response.Mucin and enzyme secretion caused by TPA or OAG in the rat submandibular model was not inhibited by either of two putative antagonists, the antipsychotic drug, fluphenazine, and the antibiotic, polymyxin B.The involvement of extracellular Ca²⁺ in TPA-induced secretion was examined by comparing responses of cells maintained in normal or Ca²⁺-free medium, or in medium containing the ionophore A23187. Although extracellular Ca²⁺ was not an absolute requirement for a secretory response, the results indicate a synergistic relationship between TPA and Ca²⁺ in stimulating the release of both mucin and arginine esterase.These results suggest a role for the Ca²⁺-, phospholipid-dependent enzyme, protein kinase C in the secretory mechanism of mucous and serous cells in the submandibular gland. This is consistent with the proposal that receptor-mediated hydrolysis of membrane phosphoinositides is an initial event in stimulus-response coupling in exocrine cells.