精氨酸、尼莫地平和细胞生长肽对环孢霉素A诱导肝细胞凋亡的影响

目的：D精氨酸、经莫地平和细胞生长肽（bFGF)对环孢霉素A（CsA）血和药物浓度的影响以及对CsA诱导的肝细胞凋亡的影响。,方法：将100只大鼠分为5组进行实验：N组,政党对照组：A组,CsA;B组,CsA＋氨氨酸;C组,CsA＋尼莫地平;D组,CsA＋bFGF,每组20只,每天腹腔注射给药。连续3周后取血及肝组织测定CsA浓度,分离血清测定CsA和ALT水平,用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导dUTP缺口末端标记法（TUNEL）测定肝的凋亡细胞数量并作病理学观察,结果：CsA在血中的浓度B组明显高于A、C、D三组（P＜0．05）,C组和D组则低于A组（P＜0．05）,CsA在肝组织的浓度A、C、D三组间无差异（P＞0．05）;A、B、C、D四组的肝细胞凋亡指数高于正常对照组（P＜0．01）,A组凋亡指数比B、C、D三 高,B组比组低,C组和D组间判别无显著意义（P＞0．05）。血清ALT水平是A组明显高于其余4组（P＜0．01）,而其余4组间无差异（P＞0．05）。结论：CsA可诱导肝细胞凋亡并使肝功能降低,而精氨酸,尼莫地平和细胞生长肽使凋亡减少;精氨酸明显提高血中CsA的浓度,而尼莫地平和细胞生长肽降低CsA血中浓度。     

Stimulation of arginine vasopressin secretion by a small increase in blood ionized calcium in normal men

Evidence has been provided for an increase in baseline serum corticotrophin (ACTH) levels in response to a rise in circulating ionized calcium (Ca_i) levels within the physiological range. In order to establish whether small Ca_i increments are also able to modify the basal secretion of arginine vasopressin (AVP), we infused calcium gluconate through an intravenous infusion pump in eight healthy male subjects (25–31 years old). Serum Ca_i, ACTH and AVP concentrations were measured every 10 min over an infusion period lasting 90 min. A significant progressive rise in serum Ca_i (baseline: 42 ± 0.9 mg dL⁻¹; 90 min: 47.2 ± 0.9 mg dL⁻¹, P  < 0.001), ACTH (baseline: 30.7 ± 1.3 pg mL⁻¹; mean peak at 80 min: 37.4 ± 2.4 pg mL⁻¹, P  < 0.01) and AVP levels (baseline: 2.1 ± 0.6 pg mL⁻¹; mean peak at 80 min: 3.2 ± 0.5 pg mL⁻¹, P  < 0.01) was observed during calcium infusion. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation ( r  = 0.71; P  < 0.001) was observed between ACTH and AVP responses to calcium infusion at 60, 70, 80 and 90 min. These data demonstrate that AVP secretion is stimulated by a slight rapid increase in serum Ca_i levels even though absolute serum Ca_i levels remain within the normal range. In addition, the positive correlation between Ca_i-induced ACTH and AVP increments suggests that AVP plays a releasing role on ACTH secretion during calcium infusion.     

基因重组细胞生长肽和精氨酸拮抗环孢霉素A的睾丸毒性

目的 探讨基因重组细胞生长肽（bFGF)和精氨酸对环孢霉素A（CsA)在血和睾丸中药物浓度及其睾丸毒性的影响。方法 将80只大鼠随机分为4组：N组,正常对照组;A组,CsA;B组,CsA 精氨酸;C组,CsA bFGF。每天腹腔注射给药,连续3周后取血及睾丸测定CsA浓度,按抗精子发生效应积分评定法作生精功能的评价,测定曲细精管直径及作病理学检查。结果 血药浓度B组明显高于A组（P＜0．05）;A,B,C组睾丸的发生明显障碍,而B,C组比A组的精子发生障碍要轻（P＜0．05）,曲细精管的直径A,B、C组明显小于N组（P＜）．05）,但B组大于A组（P＜0．01）。结论 CsA影响睾丸的生精功能,精氨酸和bFGF能明显降低CsA对睾丸的毒性作用,精氨酸还能提高血中CsA的浓度。     

补阳还五汤治疗大鼠气虚血瘀型脑缺血的代谢组学研究

目的：探讨补阳还五汤对气虚血瘀型脑缺血大鼠生物代谢途径的影响。方法：将30只大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组和补阳还五汤组(3.49 g/kg)。模型组和补阳还五汤组采用荧光微球诱导多发性脑梗死合并睡眠剥夺,建立气虚血瘀型脑缺血动物模型,并分别给予蒸馏水或补阳还五汤灌胃。假手术组给予蒸馏水灌胃,不睡眠剥夺和微球注射。记录各组大鼠的体质量。实验结束后,处死大鼠,采血分析。酶联免疫吸附试验法检测大鼠血清中血栓素B₂(TXB₂)和6-酮基-前列环素1α(6-keto-PGF_1α)水平。采用液质联用的代谢组学方法检测血清样品。结果：与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠平均体质量明显降低,TXB₂/6-keto-PGF_1α比值升高(均P<0.05);与模型组比较,补阳还五汤组大鼠平均体质量升高,药物干预可降低TXB₂/6-keto-PGF_1α比值(P<0.05)。代谢组学结果显示,假手术组与模型组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),补阳...     

亚低温治疗重型颅脑外伤后静脉血和脑脊液中精氨酸加压素含量的变化

目的探讨亚低温治疗后重型颅脑外伤患者静脉血和脑脊液中精氨酸加压素(AVP)含量的变化。方法78例重型颅脑外伤患者(GCS≤8分)随机分成两组,分别采用亚低温(33～35℃)和常温处理。测定患者第3天、第7天静脉血和脑脊液中AVP的含量。结果亚低温组治疗后第3天、第7天静脉血和脑脊液中AVP含量均比常温组有明显降低(P＜0．05)。出院时GOS评估,亚低温组死亡率明显低于常温组(P＜0．05)。结论亚低温治疗可有效抑制AVP升高,减轻脑水肿,对脑组织的结构与功能起保护作用。重型颅脑损伤早期采用亚低温治疗可降低死亡率,提高生存率。     

卡维地洛对氧自由基诱导的内皮细胞内源性一氧化氮合酶抑制物代谢的影响

目的： 观察卡维地洛对氧自由基（OFR）培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVECs）二甲精氨酸-二甲赖氨酸水解酶 (DDAH)活性及表达的影响，以探讨卡维地洛对不对称二甲精氨酸（ADMA）代谢机制的影响。 方法： 采用改良的Jaffe法培养原代人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVECs），取生长良好的3-6代HUVECs用于实验，分为①空白对照组：加DMEM培养液；②OFR组:加入OFR（0.01 mmol/L,0.1 mmol/L）；③OFR+卡维地洛组: 同时加入0.1 mmol/L OFR及卡维地洛（10 μmol/L）共孵24 h后, 检测上清液中一氧化氮（NO）、内皮素（ET）、ADMA含量、L-胍氨酸(L-cit)浓度及一氧化氮合酶（NOS）活性。用Western blotting法测定细胞裂解液中二甲基精氨酸-二甲基赖氨酸水解酶 (DDAH)的蛋白表达。 结果： OFR条件培养下,内皮细胞的代谢产物ADMA、ET的量均高于空白对照组,而NO的量及NOS的活性少于空白对照组;反映DDAH酶活性的L-cit浓度显著降低,且有浓度依赖性，而DDAH的表达无明显变化。卡维地洛干预组的ADMA、ET的量均低于OFR组，NOS活性及NO、L-cit浓度明显高于OFR组。 结论： OFR培养下，内皮损伤ADMA的增加与DDAH的活性减弱有关，而与DDAH的表达无关。卡维地洛通过增加DDAH活性促进ADMA代谢，使NOS活性增加，抑制OFR对内皮功能的损伤。     

AccQ-Tag法测定复方精氨酸胶囊中精氨酸的含量

目的：建立测定复方精氨酸胶囊中精氨酸含量的AccQ—Tag法^[1,2,3]。方法：以6-氨基喹啉-N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺基甲酸酯(AQC)为衍生剂，与复方精氨酸胶囊中精氨酸柱前定量衍生，用Waters HPLC仪，AccQ—Tag^TM氨基酸分析柱，以pH4．95醋酸钠缓冲液为流动相A，乙腈—水(3：2)为流动相B，进行梯度洗脱，检测波长为248nm。结果：线性范围：0．1006～0．9054μg，r=0．9995(n=5)。回收率：99．7％，RSD0．38％(n=5)。结论：本法快速、简便，辅料无干扰，结果满意。     

不同剂量精氨酸对急性肝衰竭大鼠肝功能的影响

目的：探讨精氨酸对急性肝衰竭大鼠肝功能影响的剂量效应关系。方法：60只健康雄性Wistar大鼠按体重随机分为6组：A正常对照组,B肝衰竭对照组,C精氨酸强化Ⅰ组[0．4g/（kg·d）],D精氨酸强化Ⅱ组[0．8g/（kg·d）],E精氨酸强化Ⅲ组[1．6g／（kg·d）],F精氨酸强化Ⅳ组（3．2g／（kg·d）],观察给药14d后不同剂量精氨酸对肝衰竭大鼠肝功能的影响。结果：肝衰竭大鼠肝功能明显下降,转氨酶升高、血浆蛋白合成下降、凝血酶原时间延长。精氨酸强化后,各组肝功能指标均优于肝衰竭对照组,其中以0．8g／（kg·d）和1．6g／（kg·d）较好。结论：精氨酸剂量为1．6g／（kg·d）时对肝衰竭大鼠安全有效。     

Differential regulation of oxytocin and vasopressin messenger ribonucleic acid levels by gonadal steroids in postpartum rats

We previously reported that sequential estradiol and progesterone exposure followed by progesterone withdrawal increases oxytocin (OT), but not arginine vasopressin (AVP), messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the rat. Substitution of testosterone for progesterone and subsequent testosterone withdrawal in the estrogen-primed rat increases PVN AVP mRNA levels. At the end of pregnancy (day 21), rats are exposed to high estrogen and declining progesterone and testosterone concentrations. Coincident with these changes in circulating gonadal steroid hormones are increases in OT and AVP mRNAs. If progesterone levels are sustained at term, OT levels are attenuated and if testosterone is sustained, AVP mRNA levels are attenuated. Immediately postpartum, however, OT and AVP mRNA levels decline compared to term levels. To further determine the role of estrogen in the regulation of OT and AVP mRNAs, we performed two experiments. In the first experiment, we administered estrogen during the peripartum period to determine if estrogen supplementation prevents the relative attenuation of OT and AVP mRNAs that is seen after parturition. Day 18 pregnant rats were given estradiol-filled or empty capsules and sacrificed on day 2 of lactation. By Northern analysis, significant differences in PVN AVP, but not OT, mRNA were found between the estrogen- and sham-treated lactational animals, P < 0.02. In the second experiment, we determined if sustaining estrogen after progesterone is removed in steroid-treated ovariectomized rats is essential for the increase in OT mRNA. Ovariectomized rats were given either empty capsules or sequential estradiol- and progesterone-filled capsules and both were sustained for 12 days. When progesterone-filled capsules were removed, estradiol-filled capsules were either removed or left in place, and the animals were sacrificed 48 h later. PVN OT mRNA was analyzed by Northern blot hybridization. OT mRNA was increased in both of the steroid-treated groups to the same degree, compared to sham-treated animals, P = 0.04. In summary, estrogen supplementation during early lactation prevents the attenuation of PVN AVP, but not OT, mRNA after parturition. In the estrogen-primed ovariectomized rat, it is not necessary to sustain estrogen to see the effects of progesterone withdrawal upon PVN OT mRNA.     

左旋精氨酸对糖尿病大鼠烧伤创面血管形成的影响

目的　观察左旋 (L)精氨酸对糖尿病大鼠烧伤创面修复过程中血管形成的影响。 方法雄性SD大鼠 ,设烫伤对照 (A)组、糖尿病烫伤 (B)组、甘氨酸对照 (C)组和L 精氨酸干预 (D)组 ,每组各 2 5只。B、C、D组大鼠通过腹腔注射链脲佐菌素 (STZ)建立糖尿病模型 ,C、D组分别管饲甘氨酸和L 精氨酸 2 0 0mg·kg-1·d-1。8周后取各组大鼠 (每组 5只 )背部皮肤组织测定糖含量。之后各组大鼠给予 2 0 %TBSA深Ⅱ度烫伤 ,于伤后 3、7、14、2 1d测量创面面积 ,计算创面愈合率 ;采用CD34免疫组织化学染色计算微血管密度 (MVD);检测创面组织释放一氧化氮 (NO)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和转化生长因子 (TGF)β1含量。　结果　与B组相比 ,D组大鼠创面愈合率从伤后第 7天起显著增加为 [( 4 4.10± 3.5 0 ) % ,P <0 0 5 ],创面MVD值在伤后各时相点均显著增加 ( P <0 0 5 ),创面组织中释放NO、VEGF和TGF β1量增加 ,皮肤组织糖含量降低为 ( 1.380± 0 .12 0 )mg/g。　 结论L 精氨酸可通过增加NO、VEGF和TGF β1的合成与释放 ,降低皮肤组织糖含量 ,增加糖尿病大鼠烧伤创面的血管形成 ,并促进创面愈合