Fatal thromboembolic complications following assault in a subject with an abdominal aortic aneurysm

A 62-year-old male with no significant medical history developed thromboembolic complications in the lower limbs shortly after an assault which involved punching and kicking to the trunk. Laparotomy revealed intra-abdominal injuries and an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Death from multi-organ failure and sepsis occurred 9 days post-injury. The discussion concentrates on blunt force trauma to the abdominal aorta, specifically on causation, mechanisms of injury and complications.     

复杂主动脉病变的腔内血管外科治疗

目的 探讨复杂主动脉病变的腔内血管外科治疗方法。方法 对21例合并有内脏动脉缺血等复杂的主动脉病变,双球管定位下经锁骨上动脉到股动脉交换导丝以确保真腔内植入带膜支架,对真腔完全被假腔压闭的患者采取真腔内加压推进以通过导丝,用超长带膜支架来封堵大破口治疗夹层合并巨大假性动脉瘤形成,对夹层合并腹主动脉瘤患者采取血管腔内技术联合开腹手术等方法。结果 术后内漏3例,其中2例7 d后停止,1例漏血持续存在。3例主动脉创伤术后完全康复,余18例复杂主动脉夹层术后即时造影示瘘口已被完整覆盖,假腔无血漏入,内脏动脉等恢复真腔供血。18例中6例合并肠管缺血,3例合并肾动脉缺血,3例肠管缺血、肾动脉缺血,2例腹主动脉真腔完全被假腔压迫,以及2例合并下肢缺血术后均逐渐恢复,无脏器及肢体缺血坏死发生。2例合并腹主动脉瘤夹层行支架型人工血管封闭夹层破口后行开腹手术切除腹主动脉瘤、人工血管置换。16例随访5～36个月,平均22.3月,1例内漏持续存在,但假腔未继续加大,其余患者存活良好。结论 对复杂的主动脉病变的治疗,通过对腔内血管外科技术进行改进,并适当结合传统手术方法,使某些过去被认为不能够治疗的复杂主动脉病变可得以成功治疗。     

室间隔夹层瘤的超声诊断(附4例报告)

目的 总结室间隔夹层瘤的超声心动图诊断及临床应用价值。方法1985～2005年超声诊断罕见的室间隔夹层瘤4例。超声主要取左室长轴、四腔心、五腔心、大动脉短轴及非标准切面，观察主动脉窦的形态及结构：如扩张窦瘤的大小、窦壁厚度、窦瘤破口的部位、窦瘤破口与室间隔之间的关系，主动脉窦瘤与室间隔夹层瘤之间交通口的大小，测量形成室间隔夹层瘤的大小及夹层瘤左、右室面的厚度，结合彩色多普勒观察心动周期夹层瘤与主动脉窦瘤血流动态变化，频谱多普勒测量窦瘤与室间隔夹层瘤之间的血流速度。结果4例室间隔夹层瘤均为主动脉右窦破人室间隔基底段，且均行手术治疗证实超声诊断。结论超声心动图对室间隔夹层瘤可直接做出诊断，超声诊断价值在于早发现、早诊断、及早治疗，并可为外科选择手术方式提供重要的有价值的依据。     

Entrapment of pacemaker lead by a large netlike Eustachian valve within the right atrium

Summary During pacemaker implantation in a patient with permanent atrial fibrillation, it remained impossible to advance a passive fixation lead with fins through the right atrium. However, a lead with a retractable screw easily passed the right atrium and was positioned in the right ventricle. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed an extensive net–like perforated Eustachian valve within the right atrium that had caused entrapment of the anchor fins during lead implantation. Remnants of embryonal structures within the right atrium should be considered a rare possible barrier during pacemaker implantation.     

生物瓣膜失功能原因分析

目的对植入人体内1年以上损坏的生物瓣膜作损坏原因的临床分析。方法1993年6月至2004年6月,共41例(47只)生物瓣膜失功能病人行再次手术换瓣。两次换瓣间隔时间1~16年,平均(9.7±4.1)年。对失功能生物瓣膜进行标本观察及病理学检测。结果47只带支架生物瓣膜中,瓣架无一损坏,42只瓣膜发生瓣叶撕裂或穿孔,35只有不同程度的钙化现象,且在瓣环表面和瓣脚周围有纤维组织增生,2只瓣膜有赘生物及血栓形成;47只生物瓣膜中损坏较重的瓣膜送病理学检查发现大量吞噬细胞和单核细胞浸润。结论生物瓣膜早期损坏以破损撕裂为主,晚期以钙化和破损撕裂等多种因素的复合病损结果出现。     

Vertebral body replacement system Synex in unstable burst fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine

A prospective longitudinal study was performed to evaluate the vertebral body replacement system Synex associated with posterior fixation in unstable burst fractures of the lumbar and thoracic spine. Within 24 months, we treated 28 patients (average age, 41 years; range, 22–64 years; 14 women, 14 men) with acute unstable burst fractures without osteoporosis of the thoracolumbar region (n=16) and the thoracic (n=3) as well as the lumbar (n=9) spine in two stages (primary dorsal transpedicular stabilization and secondary vertebral body replacement). The complications were analyzed and the postoperative follow-up result was evaluated regarding stability, bone fusion, correction loss, pain and neurological status. One patient showed a transient irritation of the lumbosacral plexus and one patient had a superficial wound infection (complication rate, 7.1%). At the follow-up examination (mean follow-up, 13 months) only in two cases a minimal loss of correction (<5°) was measured. Radiologically, 27 patients showed secure bone fusions and all patients had stability of the osteosynthesis. Most of the patients stated no or just slight pain at follow-up. Only two patients with pain to a medium degree had to take painkillers. The vertebral body replacement system Synex seems to be a good alternative for vertebral body replacement in unstable burst fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine since at present follow-up it shows a high rate of bone fusion and minimal loss of correction.     

Midterm results of mobile-bearing knee replacements

We examined the clinical and radiographic results of 93 patients affected by knee arthritis or osteonecrosis subjected to unilateral cementless mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasty with the LCS prothesis (Depuy/Johnson & Johnson). The mean follow-up was 9.5 years (range, 7–12 years). Clinical evaluation was performed using the Knee Society rating system, while radiographic evaluation was done according to the Knee Society roentgenographic system. At the latest follow-up, the mean knee score was 87 points: the functional score improved from 40 to 90. Radiolucent lines were small and not progressive. The implant survival at 12 years was 88%. Six knees (7%) required revision for implant-related problems. We conclude that the mobile-bearing prosthesis is a successful device even at long-term follow-up.     

开放性眼外伤玻璃体积血的手术治疗

①目的 探讨现代玻璃体手术对开放性眼外伤玻璃体积血的治疗效果。②方法 对108例开放性眼外伤玻璃体积血的病人，于伤后2～4周施行玻璃体切割置换术(单纯玻璃体切割术24例，联合晶体切割84例，联合视网膜手术76例)。③结果 术后经随访2周～18个月，48例达功能治愈，36例达解剖治愈，总治愈率达77．7％。24例继发青光眼者眼压控制在1．37～2．24kPa。④结论 适时地施行玻璃体切割置换术，可很大程度地改善开放性眼外伤玻璃体积血病人的预后，对有效防治外伤性玻璃体视网膜病变以及牵引性视网膜脱离等具有重要作用。     

瓣膜病合并肝功能不全患者的体外循环管理

目的 回顾52例瓣膜病变合并肝功能不全的行瓣膜置换术的患者，总结体外循环(CPB)经验。方法 CPB采取中度低温，保持较高的灌注压力。预充液加入白蛋白。心肌保护用高钾含血停搏液灌注。结果 结果CPB时间50～135min，主动脉阻断23～98min，心脏自动复跳率94％，无全心辅助和左心辅助，围术期死亡6人。结论 术中加强心肌保护的同时重视肝保护，可减轻术后心功能衰竭和肝功能衰竭，降低并发症和死亡率。     

Simulation model of renal replacement therapy: predicting future demand in England.

BACKGROUND: The demand for renal replacement therapy (RRT) in England has risen steadily, although from a lower base than many other developed countries. Predicting the future demand for RRT and the impact of factors such as the acceptance rate, transplant supply and patient survival, is required in order to inform the planning of such services. METHODS: A discrete event simulation model estimates the future demand for RRT in England in 2010 for a range of scenarios. The model uses current prevalence and current and projected future acceptance rates, survival rates and the transitions between modalities to predict future patient numbers. National population and mortality data, published literature and data from the UK Renal Registry and UK Transplant, are used to estimate unmet need for RRT, the impact of changing demography and incidence of Type 2 diabetes, patient haemodialysis (HD) survival and transplant supply. RESULTS: By 2010 the predicted prevalence will have increased from about 30,000 in 2000 to between 42 and 51,000 (900-1000 p.m.p.), an average annual growth of 4.5-6%. Changing transplant supply has a small effect on overall numbers but changes the proportion of patients with functioning graft by up to 8%. Even with an optimistic increase in transplant supply (11% p.a. for 5 years), numbers on HD will continue to rise substantially, especially in the elderly. The factors most influencing future patient numbers are the acceptance rate and dialysis survival. CONCLUSION: This model predicts a substantial growth in the RRT population to 2010 to a rate approaching 1000 p.m.p., particularly in the elderly and those on HD, with a steady state not being reached for at least 25 years.