产前超声诊断法洛四联症的应用及进展

法洛四联症是一组先天性心血管复合畸形的发绀型先天性心脏病。产前超声是诊断胎儿法洛四联症的主要方法。随着计算机技术及现代医学超声影像的发展,目前产前超声检查方法有二维超声心动图、彩色多普勒超声及新近研发出来的三维超声心动图和四维超声心动图。现就超声诊断胎儿洛四联症方法的现状及新进展进行综述。     

胎儿肿瘤23例综合分析与终止妊娠关系的临床研究

目的探讨胎儿肿瘤的临床特点、产前超声诊断、病理分析和预后情况。方法通过对29038例胎儿进行产前超声检查,并与引产或足月产后病理诊断进行对比分析。结果产前超声检查检出胎儿肿瘤23例,分别为:胎儿颜面部肿瘤1例,胎儿颈部肿瘤11例,胎儿胸部肿瘤2例,胎儿腹部肿瘤2例,胎儿骶尾部肿瘤2例,胎儿附属物肿瘤5例。均经引产或产后病理诊断证实。结论利用产前超声检查及早发现胎儿肿瘤,结合临床特点和病理分析对胎儿肿瘤进行综合分析来决定是否终止妊娠。     

产前检查对高危妊娠的重要性

目的探讨产前检查对高危妊娠的重要性,加强孕期保健,减少高危产妇母婴并发症及降低死亡率。方法回顾分析2009年4月—2010年3月在我院住院分娩的2000例孕产妇资料,选择其中高危妊娠患者200例(无产前检查)作为病例组。并选取无高危因素,无妊娠合并症及并发症的正常健康孕妇200例(产前检查次数≥5次)作为对照组,比较两组的围产期母婴情况。结果对照组妊高症、妊娠期贫血、产后出血、早产及过期妊娠、早产儿、新生儿窒息、低体重、先天畸形发生率均比病例组明显降低。有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论产前检查是孕产妇系统保健中一项非常重要的措施,而高危妊娠系统检测是产前检查的核心内容,其目的不只是降低孕产妇死亡率和围产儿死亡率,还要减少伤残儿出生,提高人口健康素质。     

Intellectual and language functions in children of mothers with epilepsy

PURPOSE: To compare the intellectual and language functions of children of mothers with epilepsy (CME) with that of controls matched for age and socioeconomic status. METHODS: Cases were CME, aged six years or more (n = 71), drawn from a prospective cohort in the Kerala Registry of Epilepsy and Pregnancy. Controls were 201 children of parents without epilepsy, matched for age and socioeconomic status. The outcome measures included Indian adaptation of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children and MLT-a locally developed proficiency test for regional language. All relevant data were abstracted from the registry records. RESULTS: The Full Scale IQ and MLT scores were significantly lower for the cases (87.7 +/- 22.6 and 73.4 +/- 17.3) compared to controls (93.0 +/- 14.4 and 83.2 +/- 11.8). Compared to controls, CME scored poor on all subtests of MLT but their impairment was confined to only some of the subtests of IQ. Maternal education and maternal IQ significantly correlated with low IQ and MLT scores for CME whereas type of epilepsy, seizures during pregnancy or low birth weight did not have any significant association with these outcome measures. Polytherapy and higher dosage of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were associated with significant impairment in outcome measures. Infants with low developmental quotient at one year of age continued to have low scores on outcome measures at six years. CONCLUSIONS: Low maternal IQ, maternal education, and antenatal AED exposure were associated with significant impairment of intellectual and language functions for CME at six years.     

Natural history and long-term follow-up of antenatally detected liver cysts

Background/Purpose

Antenatally detected liver cysts are rare; their diagnostic accuracy is unknown, and their management is controversial. This study assessed the natural history of these lesions.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of infants with isolated intrahepatic cysts that were detected antenatally. Data are expressed as median (range).

Results

Fifteen infants presented during the period 1991-2004 with an antenatally detected liver cyst. Their gestational age at detection was 22 (18-34) weeks, and the maximum diameter of their cyst was 23 (10-120) mm. Serial scans, which were performed in 9 fetuses, showed cyst enlargement in 5 cases, diminution in 1 case, and no change in 3 cases. In utero percutaneous aspiration was required in 1 infant. Three infants underwent postnatal surgery. One fetus (postfetal intervention) had a subtotal excision of a large subcapsular cyst filling the abdominal cavity on day 2. Another infant required partial excision and marsupialization (complex cyst arising from segment IV) at 5 months, and a third infant underwent a cyst cholecystostomy at 4 months. Postnatal investigations (including hepatic scintigraphy) suggested that the remaining lesions were either simple parenchymal (n = 10) or isolated intrahepatic choledochal (ie, type V; n = 2) cysts. The median follow-up for these patients was 44 (27-167) months. Serial postnatal ultrasonography showed cyst diminution in 4 cases, an enlargement in 1 case, and no dimensional change in 7 cases.

Conclusions

Most antenatally detected liver cysts appear to be simple and of parenchymal origin and do not require fetal intervention. Their postnatal history is variable, but regression without treatment is seen in most cases.     

深圳市预防与控制梅毒母婴传播项目成本效果分析

目的研究深圳市预防与控制梅毒母婴传播项目的成本效果。方法运用卫生经济学理论,结合国内外相关研究资料,根据2005年纳入项目干预管治的妊娠梅毒病例数,假设这部分妊娠梅毒病例未接受筛查及治疗,按妊娠梅毒自然病程各种妊娠结局发生率发展,通过比较两者之间的妊娠结局发生情况,同时查阅项目办公室财务报表和回顾性调查,掌握项目机构成本和个人成本,在成本测算的基础上,对项目进行成本效果分析。结果成本测算结果显示2005年该项目共投入干预成本522.75万元,其中机构防治成本及个人成本分别占45.79%、54.21%。共对159 017例孕产妇进行了免费梅毒血清学检测,发现孕产妇梅毒阳性827例,其中627例梅毒孕产妇选择继续妊娠,200例终止妊娠。妊娠期间接受规范青霉素抗梅毒治疗的584例梅毒孕产妇,发生各种不良妊娠结局30例,其中先天性梅毒患儿4例,新生儿死亡1例,低体重出生儿25例;不良妊娠结局干预成功率为90.72%,避免各种不良妊娠结局293例,每避免1例不良妊娠结局投入的干预成本为1.78万元;先天性梅毒阻断成功率为96.80%,阻断先天性梅毒活产儿121例,每阻断1例先天性梅毒投入的干预成本为4.32万元;三期梅...     

中国2005年部分地区农村妇女产前检查状况分析

家庭是否拥有电视机和交通工具、是否接受过孕期保健宣传和住院分娩动员与产前检查有统计学联系.结论 欠发达地区、文盲、自我保健意识差和少数民族等农村妇女产前检查比例低.     

The utilization of maternal health services at primary healthcare setting in Southeast Asian Countries: A systematic review of the literature

The reduction of Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) remains a global health issue. Although major progress has been achieved in the past 15 years, the ratio is still high, especially in Low Middle-Income Countries. In the Southeast Asian region, most of the countries have not reached the Sustainable Development Goals target yet. Although the countries have several similarities in many aspects, such as community characteristics, cultural context, health systems, and geographical proximity, the MMR in the region presents interesting variations. The scope of this systematic review is to explore published literature on the utilization of maternal health services at the community healthcare centre setting in Southeast Asian countries. The databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched systematically to identify quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods studies published in 2000–2020. A total of 1876 records were found, out of which 353 full text were screened. Finally, 27 studies on utilization of maternal health services met the inclusion criteria and were selected for analysis from seven Southeast Asian countries: Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, The Philippines, Timor Leste and Vietnam. Most of the articles focused on the utilization of maternal health services at primary health care setting. Several themes on maternal health services utilization in the countries emerged, including cultural and socioeconomic factors contributed to the utilization of maternal health services, factors associated with the low utilization of ANC, determinants affected place of delivery and delivery assistance choice. The utilization of maternal health services at primary healthcare setting in seven Southeast Asian countries was identified in a small number of studies. Sociocultural barriers and disparities of health services provision are the major factors associated with low utilization of the services. Further research on strengthening the role of primary healthcare in maternal health services provision is required.     

Determinants affecting pregnant women’s utilization of prenatal screening for Down syndrome: a review of the literature

Abstract

Objective: Uptake rates for Down syndrome screening (DSS) in the Netherlands are low compared with those in Northern European countries (27% versus 61% in the United Kingdom and 90% in Denmark). These differences are unexpected, especially since the countries have similar cultural and social values.

Method: To analyse factors that underlie differences in uptake we reviewed current literature on individual characteristics and healthcare system factors, which determine potential influential factors on utilization of DSS.

Results: Arguments “Against abortion” and “Down syndrome (DS) not severe enough condition to terminate pregnancy” correlated with declining DSS, whereas “Perceived guidance of healthcare professional,” “Perceived negative attitude of society towards DS” and “Preparation/Early termination” correlated with accepting DSS. However, the majority of determinants were used both in favour of accepting or declining DSS.

Conclusions: Decision making regarding DSS seems a process with influences on different levels and subtle interactions rather than a dichotomous process. Utilization may also be influenced by the implicit way it is being offered, as an extra option or as part of routine care and how this offer is perceived by the social environment. Finally, national healthcare system characteristics, although underrepresented in the examined studies, may also influence participation in DSS.