84例淀粉酶升高的常见腹部疾病临床分析

目的:探讨常见腹部疾病血清淀粉酶水平及其升高可能的原因及临床意义.方法:对84例以腹部症状就诊,伴有血清淀粉酶升高的患者进行归类和回顾性分析.结果:胰腺炎21例(25%),2～12 h、12～24 h血淀粉酶分别为(465.1±211.4)、(509.1±89.9)U/L.非胰源性疾病:胆囊炎25例(29.7%)、急性腹膜炎14例(16.6%)、急性阑尾炎11例(13.7%)、肠梗阻8例(9%)、溃疡病5例(6%),非胰源性疾病2～12 h、12～24 h血淀粉酶分别(381.9～67.7)、(293.4±64.7)U几.结论:除胰源性淀粉酶升高外,许多腹部疾病均可引起淀粉酶升高.鉴别胰源性与非胰源性淀粉酶升高具有重要意义.     

联合动态检测血清脂肪酶和淀粉酶在急性胰腺炎诊断中的作用

目的:探讨联合动态检测血清脂肪酶和淀粉酶在急性胰腺炎诊断中的价值。方法:血清脂肪酶(Lip)和淀粉酶(Amy)用OLMPUS AU2700生化分析仪按操作规程进行测定。结果:脂肪酶对急性胰腺炎诊断的阳性率88.2%,淀粉酶对急性胰腺炎诊断的阳性率为64.7%,脂肪酶和淀粉酶联合动态检测对急性胰腺炎诊断的阳性率可达95%以上,P<0.05。结论:淀粉酶和脂肪酶均可用于急性胰腺炎的诊断,但检测阳性率差异有统计学意义,P<0.05。脂肪酶和淀粉酶联合动态检测可以大幅提高急性胰腺炎诊断的阳性率和准确率,从而能有效预测病情,指导临床治疗。     

磷酸盐对西索米星发酵过程的影响作用研究

考察了无机磷酸盐对西索米星产生菌伊尼奥小单孢菌诱变菌株F0 0 3的菌体生长和产物合成的影响作用。研究结果表明 ,发酵培养基中较高的磷酸盐浓度 (3 .2～ 5 .3mmol/L)虽有助于菌体的生长 ,却抑制西索米星产物的合成 ,这与发酵过程中菌体胞内碱性磷酸酯酶和胞外淀粉酶活力受磷酸盐的调节作用有关。     

正交实验法优选香苓胶囊的制备工艺

目的正交实验法优选香苓胶囊的制备工艺。方法用超声波水提取醇沉淀的方法,以多糖提取率为指标,采用L9(34)正交表进行筛选,考察了超声温度,浸提剂倍数,超声时间,超声次数等因素,以确定最佳的制备工艺。结果超声温度60℃,20倍水量,超声时间30 min,超声次数4次时,多糖的提取率最高。结论这种提取多糖的方法具有节省时间、易于操作等特点,便于推广。     

糖平宝的淀粉酶抑制作用

糖平宝是治疗糖尿病的中药方剂。用昆明种小鼠实验观察糖平宝（TPB）的降血糖作用，发现TPB对正常小鼠淀粉负荷糖耐量有增强作用；对四氧嘧啶性糖尿病小鼠淀粉负荷后高血糖有降糖作用。但它对正常小鼠的葡萄糖耐量则无影响。表明TPB的降血糖作用与其抑制消化道淀粉酶活性有关。     

Saliva Changes in Pediatric Patients with Eating Disorders

ObjectivesTo determine the differences between pediatric patients with eating disorders (ED) and the control group in the amount of saliva and the concentration of total amylase and electrolytes in saliva, and to evaluate the correlation between the saliva changes and nutritional status.Material and methodsThe study included 101 participants (14.34 ±1.99 years), out of which 50 participants with ED subgroups and 51 participants in the control group. Data were statistically analyzed (Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, chi-square, Spearman rank correlation test, α=0.05).ResultsNo significant differences in salivary volume between the groups were found. A significant difference in the volume of saliva secreted in the 5th and 15th minute was found between the anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa subgroups. The examined anthropometric parameters were marginally or significantly positively associated with saliva volume at 5 and 15 minutes, noting a more significant correlation of the same at 15 than at 5 minutes. The patients with ED had a significantly higher concentration of inorganic phosphates in saliva while the concentrations of other electrolytes and total amylase in saliva did not differ significantly.ConclusionsNutritional status affects salivation. There is a difference in saliva volume in pediatric patients with different ED disorders. Variations in saliva electrolytes in pediatric patients with ED are possible.     

Pancreatic enzymes and abdominal adipose tissue distribution in new-onset prediabetes/diabetes after acute pancreatitis

BACKGROUNDNew-onset prediabetes/diabetes after acute pancreatitis (NODAP) is the most common sequela of pancreatitis, and it differs from type 2 prediabetes/diabetes mellitus (T2DM).AIMTo study the associations between circulating levels of pancreatic amylase, pancreatic lipase, chymotrypsin and fat phenotypes in NODAP, T2DM, and health. METHODSIndividuals with NODAP (n = 30), T2DM (n = 30), and sex-matched healthy individuals (n = 30) were included. Five fat phenotypes (intra-pancreatic fat, liver fat, skeletal muscle fat, visceral fat, and subcutaneous fat) were determined using the same magnetic resonance imaging protocol and scanner magnet strength for all participants. One-way analysis of covariance, linear regression analysis, and relative importance analysis were conducted.RESULTSIntra-pancreatic fat deposition (IPFD) was higher in NODAP (9.4% ± 1.8%) and T2DM (9.8% ± 1.1%) compared with healthy controls (7.8% ± 1.9%) after adjusting for covariates (P = 0.003). Similar findings were observed in regards to visceral fat volume (P = 0.005), but not subcutaneous fat volume, liver fat, or skeletal muscle fat. Both IPFD (β = -2.201, P = 0.023) and visceral fat volume (β = -0.004, P = 0.028) were significantly associated with circulating levels of pancreatic amylase in NODAP, but not in T2DM or healthy individuals. Of the five fat phenotypes, IPFD explained the highest amount of variance in pancreatic amylase concentration (R² = 15.3% out of 41.2%). None of the phenotypes contributed meaningfully to the variance in pancreatic lipase or chymotrypsin.CONCLUSIONBoth NODAP and T2DM are characterized by increased IPFD and visceral fat volume. However, only NODAP is characterized by significant inverse associations between the two fat phenotypes and pancreatic amylase.     

淀粉酶、C反应蛋白及CT表现联合应用在急性胰腺炎的诊断价值

目的：探讨急性胰腺炎患者的血清、尿淀粉酶、C反应蛋白改变及CT表现的相关性。方法：回顾性分析已确诊的急性胰腺炎60例,将其CT改变分为五个级别,各级病例分别与相应的血清、尿淀粉酶及C反应蛋白值对比分析。结果：血、尿淀粉酶在轻、重症胰腺炎患者中无差别（P〉0.05）,而C反应蛋白值在重症胰腺炎中明显高于轻症胰腺炎（P〈0.05）。CT改变为A级时血、尿淀粉酶轻中度升高;B级时中度升高;C级时显著升高;D级时趋向下降;E级时显著下降。结论：CT检查可以准确地反映急性胰腺炎B,C,D,E级的病理变化,明显优于淀粉酶的改变,而对于早期间质水肿型的炎症,CT诊断困难,主要靠血、尿淀粉酶及C反应蛋白,其中C反应蛋白有助于判断急性胰腺炎病情严重程度。     

The clinical picture of juvenile parotitis in a prospective setup

Aim: To characterize the features of juvenile parotitis in a prospective setup and epidemiology. Methods: All children with parotitis admitted to Helsinki University Central Hospital 2005–2010 were recruited. Clinical characteristics, given treatment, outcome, blood leukocyte count, C‐reactive protein, serum amylase and trypsinogen, SPINK‐1 genotype and mumps antibodies were recorded. To map the epidemiology, a questionnaire was sent to 1000 randomly selected 13‐year‐old children. Results: The prospective study included 41 children (aged ≤ 17) with acute parotitis, all in good general condition. Serum amylase, but not trypsinogen, was elevated in majority of the cases (79%) and C‐reactive protein in 68%. Eleven (27%) children had an elevated blood leukocyte count. None had acute mumps. Most children recovered well, 51% being treated symptomatically only. Seven children were treated on ward. Seventeen (46%) children had recurrent symptoms. One child (2.4%) had SPINK P55S mutation. According to the epidemiological questionnaire, 1.1% of the respondents (8/728, response rate 73%) reported a verified episode(s) of parotitis. Conclusion: Juvenile parotitis has a frequency close to 1%. In the majority, the general condition is good during the episode. Serum amylase serves as an additional marker for the disease. Parotitis has a tendency to recur in almost half of the cases.     

Estimating the way of deposition of saliva stains using quantitative analysis of forensic salivary biomarkers

Analyzing the way of deposition of saliva stains contributes to appropriate interpretation of saliva as evidence in court, particularly in sexual assault cases. In this proof-of-concept study, we aimed to confirm the difference between drooling-derived (non-contact) saliva and licking-derived (contact) saliva and clarify whether objectively distinguishing between the two saliva is possible. To allow discrimination between these two samples, an indicator was devised where the relative Streptococcus salivarius DNA quantity was calculated by dividing the S. salivarius DNA copies by the amount of stained saliva from the same saliva sample using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and salivary α-amylase activity assays. The study findings reveal that the value of the proposed indicator of licking-derived saliva was 100-fold significantly greater than that of drooling-derived saliva (P < 0.05, Welch’s t-test). However, theoretical and technical challenges preclude the application of this indicator as a practical method. We believe that this saliva-specific bacterial DNA-based approach could allow estimation of the saliva stain deposition method.