结膜囊畸形羊膜移植的临床观察

目的　探讨羊膜移植治疗结膜囊畸形的效果及手术方法。方法　对 10例 (10只眼 )结膜囊畸形患者进行羊膜移植术。并进行最长 1年的随访观察。结果　 10例 (10只眼 )羊膜移植均获成功。结论　羊膜移植完全可替化口唇粘膜移植 ,使结膜囊畸形得到矫正     

Common antigen expression between human periderm and other tissues identified by GB1-monoclonal antibody

Summary From 4 weeks estimated gestational age (EGA) until the end of the second trimester (24 weeks EGA) the fetal epidermis is covered by a specialised epithelium, the periderm. The origin and function of periderm remain speculative. We have demonstrated, using indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase staining, that periderm is recognised by a mouse IgM monoclonal antibody (Mab) GB1, which has been raised against a simple extract of human amnion. Immunoelectron microscopy localises GB1 to the amniotic surface of periderm, particularly in association with the microvilli, and also bordering cellular identations of the periderm cells. GB1 antigen (ag) is also expressed by the epithelium of fetal oesophagus, fetal and adult conjunctiva and cornea but is absent in a variety of other fetal and adult tissues including bladder, oral mucosa and thymus. The similar distribution of GB1 ag in both periderm and membranes possibly suggests a common origin and the shared expression with fetal oesophagus and fetal and adult eye may indicate a function related to the fluid environment. We therefore feel that GB1 Mab may be of use in further investigations into the origin, structure and function of human periderm.This study was presented in part at the Annual Meeting of the British Society for Investigative Dermatology, 19–20 September, 1988; ManchesterThis study was supported in part by the Dunhill Medical Trust. Collaborative work between Faculte of Medecine, Nice and Departemnt of Cell Pathology, Institute of Dermatology, London, was made possible by awards from the British Council and Glaxo Pharmaceutical to one of the authors (OMVS).     

Antilymphocytic serum as immunosuppressant in experimental bone induction by xenogenic epithelial cells

Using Anti Mouse Lymphocytic Serum as an immunosuppressor instead of steroid hormones, bone induction was obtained in mice grafted with K xenogenic-established epithelial cell line. The results suggest that bone induction in this experimental system is not dependent upon steroid hormones.

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Zusammenfassung Mit dem als Immunosuppressor wirkenden Anti-Mäuse-Lymphocyten-Serum, welches anstelle von Steroidhormonen verwendet wurde, konnte bei Mäusen, die ein Transplantat von K-xenogenen, festgesetzten Epithelzellen erhalten hatten, das Einsetzen von Knochenwachstum hervorgerufen werden. Diese Resultate zeigen, daß in diesem Modell das Einsetzen des Knochenwachstums nicht von Steroidhormonen abhängig ist.

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Résumé En utilisant du sérum antilymphocytaire de souris, utilisé comme immuno-dépresseur à la place d'hormones stéroides, une induction de tissu osseux est obtenue chez la souris chez laquelle des cellules épithéliales souches K xénogéniques sont greffées. L'induction osseuse dans ce système expérimental n'est donc pas liée aux hormones stéroides.

     

On the use of alpha-fetoprotein and prolactin in prenatal diagnosis of fetal abnormalities in early pregnancies

In the search for laboratory tests to aid in the diagnosis of fetal malformation we have explored the usefulness of assaying prolactin in amniotic fluid. The results have been compared to those obtained with α-fetoprotein analyses.     

Effect of bacterial virulence on IL-18 expression in the amnion infected with Escherichia coli

PROBLEM: The upregulation of inflammatory substances threatens pregnancy. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is elevated in women who miscarried. The purpose of this study was to develop a pig model of chorioamnionitis to study the effect of bacterial virulence on IL-18 response in experimentally infected amnion. METHOD OF STUDY: A total of 20,000 colony-forming units of Escherichia coli (an enteropathogenic O55 strain, EPEC or O86 non-pathogenic strain) were administered into the amniotic cavity of pig fetuses at 70% of gestation for 10 hr. Fetal amniotic fluid samples were analyzed for IL-18 levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of IL-18 was studied also by immunohistochemistry on cryostat sections through amniotic membranes and pathological changes were observed by electron microscopy. RESULTS: Both E. coli strains propagated in amniotic fluids and reached similar counts. Only EPEC, however, caused a significant increase of IL-18 amniotic fluid levels (P < 0.001) and cytokine expression in the amniotic epithelium. CONCLUSIONS: The levels of IL-18 in infected amniotic fluids correlated with bacterial virulence and pathological changes in the amnion.     

羊膜对氧氟沙星滴眼液兔角膜通透性的影响

目的探讨羊膜对氧氟沙星滴眼液兔角膜通透性的影响。方法先给108只新西兰大白兔进行样本编号,再按号码单纯随机抽样并分为6组,每组18只,分别为正常角膜组、正常角膜羊膜移植组、机械刮除角膜上皮组、机械刮除上皮联合羊膜移植组、角膜碱烧伤组、角膜碱烧伤联合羊膜移植组。0．3％氧氟沙星眼液滴眼,每15min滴眼1次,共4次,最后1次滴眼后5、30min,1、2、4、6h,于每个时间点每组18只大白兔中任意处死3只兔抽取房水。高效液相法检测房水中氧氟沙星的浓度。结果刮除角膜上皮组与正常角膜上皮组比较,药物的前房浓度均明显增高（均P〈0．05）。正常角膜羊膜移植组5、30min、1h房水中氧氟沙星浓度与正常角膜组无明显差异（均P〉0．05）,而2、4、6h则明显高于正常角膜组（均P〈0．05）;机械刮除上皮联合羊膜移植组2、4、6h房水中氧氟沙星浓度亦明显高于机械刮除角膜上皮组（均P〈0．05）,而两组间5、30min、1h房水中氧氟沙星浓度比较无明显差异（均P〉0．05）;角膜碱烧伤联合羊膜移植组6h以内房水中氧氟沙星浓度均高于碱烧伤组（均P〈0．05）。结论羊膜具有一定药物蓄积和缓释作用,增加了氧氟沙星在角膜表面的停留时间,使药物的通透性增高。     

大鼠羊膜上皮细胞体外培养的初步研究

目的： 研究大鼠羊膜上皮细胞（AECs）在体外培养时的形态变化和其生长特性，探讨EGF和血清对AECs生长和增殖性的影响。 方法: 分别取妊娠中期SD大鼠（12-14 d）和妊娠晚期SD大鼠（18-19 d）的羊膜，制成AECs单细胞悬液，用DMEM/F12培养液培养、传代。光镜、扫描电镜下观察其生长的形态变化； MTT法检测EGF和血清对AECs生长和增殖性的影响。 结果： 妊娠中期和晚期AECs在体外培养时均生长良好、增殖活跃，但妊娠晚期AECs生长周期相对较短。 结论： EGF和血清均能促进AECs增殖，其中EGF促进AECs的增殖更为显著。这为利用AECs进行细胞治疗和组织工程技术奠定了实验基础。     

纤维蛋白支架上人羊膜上皮细胞的培养

目的：观察人羊膜上皮细胞（HAEC）能否在体外构建的纤维蛋白支架上良好生长。 方法： 体外构建的纤维蛋白支架，采用倒置显微镜观察，吉姆萨（Giemsa）染色和扫描电子显微镜，观察人羊膜上皮细胞在纤维蛋白支架上生长情况。 结果： 人羊膜上皮细胞在纤维蛋白支架上生长良好，细胞间相互有伪足等多种形式的接触。 结论： 体外构建的纤维蛋白支架与羊膜上皮细胞有组织相容性，纤维蛋白支架可能作为人羊膜上皮细胞的生长载体和胎膜破口的修复材料。     

Comparative Studies on the Effects of Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 on Cytokine and Prostaglandin E2 Production by Amnion-derived WISH Cells

PROBLEM: In hematopoietic cells, interleukin (IL)-13 shares many actions with IL-4. The effects of IL-13 in gestational tissues have yet to be reported, however. We compared the effects of IL-4 and IL-13 on the production of cytokines and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) in epithelial amnion-derived WISH cells. METHOD OF STUDY: WISH cells were treated with IL-4 or IL-13 (0.08–10 ng/ml) with/without cotreatment with IL-1β (0.2 ng/ml), tumor necrosis factor-α (10 ng/ml) or epidermal growth factor (5 ng/ml). The production of IL-6, IL-8, and PGE₂ was measured by immunoassay after 16 hr. RESULTS: Both IL-4 and IL-13 inhibited PGE₂ production with indistinguishable concentration-response curves, under basal or stimulated conditions. The maximal inhibition of IL-1β-stimulated PGE₂ production (to 28% ± 10% of control) was seen at 10 ng/ml of IL-4 or IL-13. Basal IL-6 production was stimulated approximately twofold by IL-4 and IL-13, whereas IL-4 and IL-13 both inhibited cytokine-stimulated (but not basal) IL-8 production by approximately 50%. In the presence of 1 ng/ml of IL-4, IL-13 was unable to further inhibit PGE₂ production. CONCLUSIONS: The inhibition of PGE₂ and IL-8 production by IL-4 in WISH cells is mimicked by IL-13. Both cytokines, probably through binding to a common receptor complex, may share a role in suppressing inflammatory reactions within intrauterine tissues.     

新鲜羊膜移植治疗眼化学伤及严重角膜病

目的：评价新鲜羊膜移植治疗眼化学伤及严重角膜的疗效。方法：选择我院碱性化学伤12例（14眼）及角膜溃疡46例（46眼）,行新鲜羊膜移植术。结果：14眼碱性化学伤术后角结膜均未见继续溶解,无穿孔,无虹膜萎缩,视力有不同程度提高。46眼角膜溃疡术后15天内溃疡愈合者40眼,有2眼行再次移植后溃疡愈合。结论：新鲜羊膜移植可有效地用于重建角结膜表面,减轻炎症反应,减少新生血管的生成,抑制纤维组织增生,对重建眼表功能是一种较好的手术方法。