High levels of metals/metalloids in blood and urine of residents living in the area affected by the dam failing in Barra Longa,District, Brazil: A preliminary human biomonitoring study

Fundão mining tailings dam in Mariana District has collapsed in 2015 and caused the biggest environmental disaster in Brazil. Barra Longa District had its urban area invaded by toxic sludge and its population was extensively exposed to it. Blood and urine samples were collected from 11 residents, focused on investigating the presence of metals at the end of an exploratory health study in 507 inhabitants in 2016. Results have shown increased levels of aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, cooper, lead, manganese and nickel, and zinc defficiency in their body, as well as clinical outcomes.     

Evaluation of the Food And Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies for use with a mobile telephone food record

The development of a mobile telephone food record (mpFR) in which image analysis and volume estimation data can be indexed with the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS) has the potential to improve the accuracy of dietary assessment. To validate the mpFR for use with adolescents, a convenience sample of adolescents, aged 11–18 years, was recruited to eat all meals and snacks in a controlled feeding environment over a 24-h period. Each food item matched a food code in the FNDDS 3.0. The objective of this analysis was to compare the measured energy and protein content of foods to the published values in the FNDDS. Duplicate plates of all meals and snacks were prepared, and samples of 20 foods were individually weighed, homogenized, freeze dried, and analyzed for energy with a bomb calorimeter and for protein with a Dumas nitrogen analyzer. Eleven of the twenty food items had energy values in the FNDDS within ±10% of the measured energy value. The measured energy and protein values from all foods correlated significantly with the energy (r = 0.981, P < 0.01) and protein (r = 0.911, P < 0.01) values in the FNDDS. These results support the use of the FNDDS with the mpFR.     

Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure: psychometric testing with Chinese nursing students

Title. Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure: psychometric testing with Chinese nursing students. Aim. This paper is a report of the psychometric testing of the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure with Chinese nursing students. Background. Although the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure has been widely used to measure educational environments in the healthcare professions, no psychometric evaluation of the measure with Chinese nursing students has been reported. Method. Data from 214 nursing students were collected during a 2‐month period between December, 2004 and January, 2005. Exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency reliability and Cronbach’s alpha were examined. Results. Five factors were found by principal components analysis with Oblimin with Kaiser Normalization rotation. The original factor names were maintained, but items in each factor changed. These five factors all achieved eigenvalues >1, and in total accounted for 52·186% of the variance. Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0·623 to 0·9 across factors, with an overall alpha of 0·949. Conclusion. The Chinese version of the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure could be a valuable measurement for nursing educators in professional development programmes and nursing curriculum design. Further studies need in different Chinese nursing schools and larger sample sizes to be conducted to validate its stability and factor structure.     

垫江牡丹主产区环境质量分析与评价△

目的：初步评价垫江牡丹主产区环境质量。方法：通过对垫江牡丹主产区环境质量现状的调查分析，应用单项污染指数法和综合污染指数法进行评价。结果：该区空气质量为清洁水平，土壤的各种污染物的污染指数均小于0．7，污染水平远低于《农产品安全质量无公害蔬菜产地环境质量要求》（GB／T18407．1-2001）标准，水质无污染。结论：垫江牡丹主产区符合优质药材栽培的环境质量要求。     

网络环境下的医院药学信息服务工作实践

目的:利用网络信息优势,促进医院药学信息服务工作发展。方法:利用医院HIS系统建立局域网药学信息服务平台及建立药学网站开展药学信息服务工作。结果:形成网络环境下的医院药学信息服务新模式。结论:网络环境下的医院药学信息服务工作更加科学与扎实,在医院药学的发展中将有更重要的地位。     

云南省中华按蚊、杰普尔按蚊种群与环境因素关系的地理信息系统分析

目的研究云南省南部地区中华按蚊（Anopheles sinensis）和杰普尔按蚊（An．jeyporiensis）与地理环境因素的关系，探讨在云南省南部地区西部开发新村镇建设中对疟疾媒介蚊虫种群的可能影响。方法应用地理信息系统对云南省南部勐腊县的龙塘村及东方红村的中华按蚊和杰普尔按蚊种群与环境因素之间的关系进行分析。结果各样点中华按蚊优势度可以用线性模型拟合，线性模型为d=0．36213．26×10^-6×DTF8．0854×10^-7×KFA（R^2=0．642，F检验，P=0．000）；DTF与样点中华按蚊优势度呈负相关Person=0．683，P=0．002），而KFA与样点中华按蚊优势度也呈负相关关系（Person=-0．735，P=0．001）。各样点杰普尔按蚊种群密度可以用线性模型拟合，线性模型为Ni=2630．0541×KRL（R^2=0．633，F检验，P=0．000），KRL与样点杰普尔按蚊种群密度呈负相关关系（Person=0．825，P=0．000）。各样点杰普尔按蚊优势度可以用线性模型拟合，线性模型为d=7．9204×10^-4×DTF-0．0232（R^2=0．267，F检验，P=0．023），DTF与样点杰普尔按蚊优势度呈正相关关系（Person=0．562，P=0．012）。结论在云南省南部地区西部开发的新村镇建设中，相关环境因素的变化有可能会引起中华按蚊和杰普尔按蚊2种媒介蚊虫种群的变化。     

培智学校学生行为问题和家庭环境影响因素分析

【目的】了解培智学校学生行为特点和可改善的家庭环境影响因素,为提高智力落后学生的生活质量和特殊教育效果提供依据。【方法】对北京、天津市区各6所培智学校759名培智学生家长进行问卷调查,内容包括Achenbach儿童行为量表、家庭社会经济因素、家庭环境评定量表(FES-CV)等。【结果】培智学校学生行为问题检出率(39.4%)是正常同龄儿的3~4倍,以多动、不成熟、社交退缩为主要表现。行为问题除与年龄、性别、病因有关外,还受母亲职业、家庭环境矛盾性和娱乐性评分的影响。【结论】培智学校学生普遍存在严重的行为问题,改善家庭环境、重视个体化教育是矫正行为问题的关键。     

多重PCR与PCR-荧光探针法检测外环境霍乱弧菌的比较研究

目的：对比多重PCR与PCR-荧光探针法从外环境中直接检测霍乱弧菌的效果。方法：收集40份水样和40份水产品样本,再以20份已知特性菌株作对照。将上述样本和菌株进行培养后提取模板,分别进行多重PCR和PCR-荧光探针法检测。结果：两种方法均从40份水样中检出14份非O1非O139群霍乱弧菌,两种方法均能从40份水产品中检出29份O1群霍乱弧菌及3份非O1非O139群霍乱弧菌。以上检出霍乱弧菌均可经血清学试验证实。20份已知特性样本两种方法均鉴定无误,最低检出限均为10^2cfu/ml。结论：两种方法灵敏度和特异度均极高,多重PCR方法因能同时进行致病力的初步判断,检验速度相对较快,成本较为经济而更为实用。     

纳米光触媒杀菌抑菌效果及临床试验研究

目的探讨改善医疗环境的新方法,降低环境因素所引起的医院感染。方法采用纳米光催化技术,对医疗环境进行临床条件下杀菌抑菌效果分析。结果生化衣纳米光触媒喷涂材料对现场3种环境物体表面杀菌作用明显,物体表面总的细菌消亡率为23.75%~38.30%;垂直表面细菌消亡率为48.77%~87.97%,水平表面细菌消亡率为12.50%~77.20%,空气细菌消亡率为1.52%~60.00%。结论采用纳米光触媒进行医疗环境消毒和净化具有很好的发展前景。