Techniques in the management of juxta-articular aggressive and recurrent giant cell tumors around the knee.

AIM: Juxta-articular aggressive and recurrent giant cell tumors around the knee pose difficulties in management. This article reviews current problems and options in the management of these giant cell tumors. METHODS: A systematic search was performed on juxta-articular aggressive and recurrent giant cell tumor. Additional information was retrieved from hand searching the literature and from relevant congress proceedings. We addressed the following issues: general consensus on early diagnosis and techniques in its management. In particular, we describe our results with resection arthrodesis performed combining the benefits of both interlocking intramedullary nail and Ilizarov fixator in the management of these tumors around the knee. RESULTS: Mean operative age of the 22 patients undergoing resection arthrodesis was 35.63 years. Seven lesions were in the tibia and fifteen in the femur. Mean length of the bone defect was 12.34 cm. The mean external fixator index was 7.44 days/cm and the distraction index was 7.88 days/cm. Mean period of follow-up for the patients was 64.5 months. The function of the affected limb was rated excellent in 10 and good and fair in six patients each as per Enneking criteria. No local recurrence of tumor was seen. Seven complications occurred in five patients. CONCLUSION: Two-ring construct, bifocal bone transport, and early definite plate osteosynthesis with additional bone grafting of the docking site at the end of distraction even before consolidation of the regenerate helps to reduce the problems of pin tract infections drastically. Thin-diameter long intramedullary nail in addition to preserving the endosteal blood supply also prevents mal-alignment of the regenerate. Thus resection arthrodesis using interlocking intramedullary nail and bone transport using Ilizarov fixator is cost effective and effective in achieving the desired goals of reconstruction with least complications in selected patients with specific indications.     

喹硫平和利培酮治疗伴攻击行为精神分裂症对照研究

目的:探讨两种药物对伴攻击行为精神分裂症的疗效和安全性.方法:将40例符合ICD-10精神分裂症诊断标准,且既往有冲动攻击行为史,入院后1周内再次发生冲动攻击行为,修订版外显攻击行为量表(MOAS)最高加权总分≥5分的患者随机分为两组,分别给予喹硫平和利培酮治疗 8周.于治疗前和治疗后2、4、6、8周末采用PANSS、MOAS评定临床疗效,副反应量表(TESS)评定不良反应.结果:治疗8周后,两组疗效相当(P＞0.05),第2周末两组间治疗后MOAS加权总分喹硫平组低于利培酮组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.203,P＜0.05);两组不良反应发生率差异有统计学意义(x2=4.912,P＜0.05),不良反应中肌张力增高和震颤的发生率喹硫平组均低于利培酮组,差异均有统计学意义(x2=3.906,P＜0.05;x2=4.800,P＜0.05).结论:喹硫平和利培酮治疗伴攻击行为精神分裂症总疗效相当,但喹硫平能较快控制攻击行为提高治疗依从性,且不良反应较少,安全性较高.     

Control of aggressive fibromatosis by treatment with imatinib mesylate. A case report and review of the literature

Objective There has been only one report available that focuses on the treatment with imatinib mesylate of two individual persons with aggressive fibromatosis. The authors concluded that after long-term treatment, for 9 and 11 months, with imatinib mesylate, both patients demonstrated radiographic and clinical responses. The novel therapy should be considered as salvage in patients with aggressive fibromatosis expressed platelet-derived growth factor receptor—alfa, beta (PDGFR-alfa, PDGFR-beta), and/or c-kit, whose tumors are uncontrollable by the standard management. On the other hand, the number of kinases blocked by imatinib mesylate is notching up, for instance the tyrosine kinase, which is associated with macrophage-colony stimulating factor receptor (M-CSFR). Methods The patient was suffering from aggressive fibromatosis after prior therapy including surgery (R2), radiotherapy, and systemic treatment with combination of tamoxifen and sulindac. The tumor specimen was immunostained for PDGFR-beta and c-kit (CD117), and PDGFR-alfa and cytokines platelet-derived growth factor-alfa and beta were not assessed. The tests for both assessed molecules revealed negative results. In spite of this, the patient underwent a unique treatment with imatinib mesylate at the dose of 400 mg orally once daily for 3 years and 2 months. Results After three months of the therapy, radiographic (met criteria of SD but small decrease of the tumor was noted) and clinical responses were recorded for the first time. The same was seen after 6 and 13 months of therapy continuation with imatinib mesylate. Currently, the patient is treated with imatinib mesylate (400 mg orally once daily) without any toxicity effects. The last MRI revealed readily a smaller tumor (35 × 20 mm) after such a therapy lasted more than 3 years. Conclusions Treatment with imatinib mesyalte has been a well-accepted therapy for chronic myelagenous leukemia (CML) and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). There have been established four kinases (p210^bcr/abl, c-kit, PDGFR-alfa, PDGFR-beta) suggested as the target for imatinib mesylate. Other potential targets will be discovered as it has lately been determined that M-CSFR kinase activity was blocked by imatinib mesylate. The salvage therapy for aggressive fibromatosis with imatinib mesylate seems to be an attractive opportunity for patients with the advanced disease, whose prior therapy failed.     

Psychiatric comorbid conditions in a clinic population of 241 patients with tuberous sclerosis complex

Psychiatric symptoms were retrospectively assessed in a clinic population of 241 children and adults with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Sixty-six (27%) patients had a history of mood disorder symptoms, 66 (27%) had a history of anxiety disorder symptoms, 73 (30%) had a history of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, and 68 (28%) had a history of aggressive/disruptive behavior disorder symptoms. Significant relationships were found between these symptoms and patient age, gender, genetic mutation, seizure history, surgical history, cognitive impairment, features of autism or pervasive developmental disorder, and neurological manifestations of TSC. In 43 patients seen by at least one of two affiliated psychiatrists, the most common formal diagnoses were anxiety disorders (28%), mood disorders (26%), adjustment disorders (21%), ADHD (21%), and mental disorders not otherwise specified due to general medical condition (42%). Citalopram demonstrated efficacy in treating anxiety and depression, and risperidone, in treating problematic behaviors.     

Aggressive Cognitions of Violent Versus Nonviolent Spouses

This study extends previous research on the relationship between aggressive cognition and intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration by comparing the aggressive cognitions of both husbands and wives (not just husbands) in an actual (not hypothetical) relationship problem discussions across three groups of couples—bi-directionally violent (V), nonviolent but maritally distressed (NVD), and nonviolent and nondistressed (NVND). Further extending previous work, across these groups, we also compared spouses’ inferences of aggressive cognitions in their partners’ thoughts and objective observers’ inferences of aggressive cognitions. Violent spouses, whether male or female, had significantly more aggressive cognitions than NVD and NVND spouses. Findings are discussed in relation to how they extend past research and their clinical implications.

Approach to debridement in necrotizing fasciitis

Aggressive debridement is a cornerstone intervention in necrotizing fasciitis. Our approach consists of 4 steps: (1) confirming the diagnosis and isolate the causative organism; (2) defining the extent of fasciitis; (3) surgical excision; and (4) post-excision wound care. The extent of the infection is defined by probing the wound bluntly. Systematic excision follows. Fascial excision must be complete and uncompromising with the full extent of the involved wound laid open. We classify the infected skin into zones 1, 2, and 3. Zone 1 is necrotic tissue. Zone 2 is infected but potentially salvageable soft tissue, and zone 3 is non-infected skin. Zone 1 is completely excised. Zone 2 is meticulously assessed and cut back as necessary to remove nonviable tissue while maximally preserving salvageable tissue. Zone 3 is left alone. The aim of surgical debridement is to remove all infected tissue in a single operation. This halts the progression of the fasciitis and minimizes unnecessary returns to the operating room.     

基于logistic回归分析的康复方案对住院精神分裂症患者攻击行为的预防作用

目的　分析住院精神分裂症患者攻击行为的影响因素,探究针对性康复干预对患者攻击行为的预防效果。方法　选择2019年1月至2020年8月山东省精神卫生中心接收248例住院精神分裂症患者,其中男135例,女113例,年龄23～67（38.03±0.41）岁。根据修改版外显攻击行为量表（MOAS）总加权分划分为攻击组（MOAS≥4分）、非攻击组（MOAS<4分）。比较两组患者的一般临床资料、阴性及阳性症状量表的兴奋因子（PANSS-EC）与中文版模棱两可、目的和敌意问卷（AIHQ-C）、社会支持评定量表（SSRS）、疾病不确定感（MUIS-A）情况。多因素logistic分析患者攻击行为的独立影响因素,并制定针对性康复方案。采用随机数字表法将山东省精神卫生中心2020年9月至2021年9月接收的100例精神分裂症患者［男57例,女43例,年龄20～69（38.38±2.51）岁］划分为两组。对照组实施常规干预,研究组在对照组基础上联合实施针对性康复方案。入院两个月,比较两组干预前后的攻击行为情况以及PANSS-EC、AIHQ-C、SSRS、MUIS-A评分。研究数据应用SPSS 26.0软件处理,计量资料给予t检验,计数资料给予χ²检验,等级资料给予秩和检验。结果　多因素logistic分析显示,男性、入院前1个月有攻击行为史、非自愿住院、首次住院、PANSS-EC评分、AIHQ-C敌意偏向总分、AIHQ-C责备偏向总分、AIHQ-C攻击偏向总分、SSRS客观支持得分、SSRS主观支持得分、MUIS-A不明确性得分、MUIS-A复杂性得分是住院精神分裂症患者攻击行为的独立影响因素（均P<0.05）;患者入院两个月,实施针对性康复方案后,研究组攻击行为发生率（16.00%,8/50）低于对照组（36.00%,18/50）,MOAS评分为（2.01±0.32）分,低于对照组的（3.56±0.24）分,两组比较,差异均有统计学意义（χ²=5.198,t=27.400,均P<0.05）;干预后,研究组PANSS-EC评分为（9.20±0.32）分、AIHQ-C评分为（13.48±1.11）分、SSRS评分为（33.21±2.47）分、MUIS-A评分为（70.31±3.56）分,均优于对照组［（11.21±0.28）分、（17.46±1.29）分、（30.29±3.03）分、（85.35±3.20）分］,两组比较,差异均有统计学意义（t=33.426、16.537、5.282、22.217,均P<0.05）。结论　精神分裂症患者攻击行为受多方面因素共同影响,针对性康复方案干预可有效改善患者攻击行为诱因,降低攻击行为发生率。     

大学生攻击行为的特点及影响因素分析

目的 了解大学生攻击行为的特点及影响因素.方法 采用内容分析法对大学生攻击行为进行调查.结果 大学生攻击行为发生在相互认识的同学间的比例为75.56%,发生在男生与男生之间的比例为62.22%,发生于23时之后的比例为80%;宿舍是大学生攻击行为发生的主要场所,占71.11%;大学生攻击行为主要表现为躯体性攻击和心理性攻击,大学生对攻击行为的应对方式存在较大问题;酗酒是影响大学生攻击行为发生的一个重要因素.结论 攻击行为对大学生生理和心理造成不同程度的伤害,性别、时间、地点及是否酗酒影响大学生攻击行为的发生.     

Links between self-reported media violence exposure and teacher ratings of aggression and prosocial behavior among German adolescents

The relations between adolescents’ habitual usage of media violence and their tendency to engage in aggressive and prosocial behavior in a school setting were examined in a cross-sectional study with 1688 7th and 8th graders in Germany who completed measures of violent media exposure and normative acceptance of aggression. For each participant, ratings of prosocial and aggressive behavior were obtained from their class teacher. Media violence exposure was a unique predictor of teacher-rated aggression even when relevant covariates were considered, and it predicted prosocial behavior over and above gender. Path analyses confirmed a direct positive link from media violence usage to teacher-rated aggression for girls and boys, but no direct negative link to prosocial behavior was found. Indirect pathways were identified to higher aggressive and lower prosocial behavior via the acceptance of aggression as normative. Although there were significant gender differences in media violence exposure, aggression, and prosocial behavior, similar path models were identified for boys and girls.