Ergogenic effect of varied doses of coffee-caffeine on maximal aerobic power of young African subjects

Background

Caffeine one of the readily available stimulants consumed daily by more than 80% of the world''s population, making it the most widely consumed drug in history. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different doses (5, 10 &15 mg.kg⁻¹) of caffeine per kilogram body weight on maximal aerobic power of normal young black African (Nigerian) male adults.

Method

Twenty apparently healthy young male adults volunteers, participated. A repeated measure four randomized crossover (counter balanced) double blind design was used in data collection. Subjects engaged in 20 meter shuttle run test (20 MST) one hour post caffeine (5, 10 & 15 mg.kg⁻¹) and placebo doses ingestion. Endurance performance index (VO₂ max, run time & number of exercise laps) were measured and recorded.

Result

Repeated measures ANOVA was used to assess the level of significant difference between caffeine doses and placebo dose in VO₂ max, run time and number of exercise laps. The result showed no significant effect of caffeine doses over placebo dose.

Conclusion

It was concluded that caffeine dose of up to 15mg/kg seems not to have any ergogenic effect on maximum aerobic power of young black African male adults.     

Impact of Mild versus Moderate Intensity Aerobic Walking Exercise Training on Markers of Bone Metabolism and Hand Grip Strength in Moderate Hemophilic A Patients

Background

Patients with hemophilia A have low bone density than healthy controls. It is now widely recognized that physical activity and sports are beneficial for patients with hemophilia.

Objective

To compare the effects of mild and moderate intensity treadmill walking exercises on markers of bone metabolism and hand grip strength in male patients with moderate hemophilia A.

Material and Methods

Fifty male patients with moderate hemophilia, and age range from 25 to 45 years. The subjects were randomly assigned into 2 equal groups; the first group (A) received moderate intensity aerobic exercise training. The second group (B) received mild intensity aerobic exercise training.

Results

There was a 32.1% and 24.8% increase in mean values of serum calcium and hand grip strength respectively and 22.7 % reduction in mean values of parathyroid hormone in moderate exercise training group (A). While there was a 15.1 % and 15 % increase in mean values of Serum Calcium and Hand grip strength respectively and 10.3 % reduction in mean values of parathyroid hormone in mild exercise training group(B). The mean values of serum calcium and hand grip strength were significantly increased, while the mean values of parathyroid hormone were significantly decreased in both groups . There were significant differences between mean levels of the investigated parameters in group (A) and group (B) after treatment.

Conclusion

Moderate intensity aerobic exercise training on treadmill is appropriate to improve markers of bone metabolism and hand grip strength in male patients with hemophilia A.     

有氧运动对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠结肠肌间神经丛及结肠功能障碍的影响

 目的：观察有氧运动结合不同饮食方式对2型糖尿病大鼠结肠功能的影响,并从肠神经的角度探讨其神经生物学机制,进而为糖尿病胃肠功能紊乱的运动疗法提供理论和实验依据。方法：雄性SD大鼠45只,除正常对照组外其余大鼠经高脂饲养和链脲佐菌素注射建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型,再随机分为普通饲料安静组、普通饲料运动组、高脂饲料安静组和高脂饲料运动组。运动组进行8周无负重游泳训练（60 min/d,5 d/week）。采集血清测口服葡萄糖耐量,结肠组织进行肠张力测试、HE染色以及蛋白基因产物9.5（PGP9.5）、P物质（SP）和血管活性肠肽（VIP）免疫组化检测。结果：（1）糖尿病大鼠结肠肌间神经丛萎缩,神经元数目明显减少,有氧运动在一定程度上抑制上述病理改变;（2）有氧运动结合合理饮食可明显升高糖尿病大鼠结肠SP含量,而高脂膳食结合运动干预未见SP含量明显改善;（3）不同膳食方式结合运动,均能显著提高糖尿病大鼠结肠VIP含量;（4）运动干预后糖尿病大鼠结肠平滑肌萎缩减轻,肌纤维增粗,肠张力显著升高。结论：糖尿病可导致结肠平滑肌萎缩,肠张力下降;有氧运动可通过重塑结肠肌间神经丛而发挥对糖尿病机体结肠结构和功能的适度改善作用。     

Study of the relationship between extracellular superoxide and glutathione production in batch cultures of Escherichia coli

Aerobically growing Escherichia coli generates superoxide flux into the periplasm via the oxidation of dihydromenaquinone and simultaneously carries out continuous transmembrane cycling of glutathione (GSH). Here we have shown that, under the conditions of a gradual decrease in dissolved oxygen (dO₂), characteristic of batch culture, the global regulatory system ArcB/ArcA can play an important role in the coordinated control of extracellular superoxide and GSH fluxes and their interaction with intracellular antioxidant systems. The lowest superoxide production was observed in the menA and arcB mutants, while the atpA, atpC and atpE mutants generated superoxide 1.3–1.5 times faster than the parent. The share of exported glutathione in the ubiC, atpA, atpC, and atpE mutants was 2–3 times higher compared to the parent. A high direct correlation (r = 0.87, p = 0.01) between extracellular superoxide and GSH was revealed. The menA and arcB mutants, as well as the cydD mutant lacking the GSH export system CydDC, were not capable of GSH excretion with a decrease in dO₂, which indicates a positive control of GSH export by ArcB. In contrast, ArcB downregulates sodA, therefore, an inverse correlation (r = −0.86, p = 0.013) between superoxide production and sodA expression was observed.     

Aerobic exercise affects sleep,psychological wellbeing and immune system parameters among subjects with chronic primary insomnia

BackgroundChronic primary insomnia is characterized by long-term difficulties in maintaining and initiating sleep, too early waking up, poor mood, fatigue, impaired concentration and poor quality of life. Exercise training is recommended to prevent and alleviate sleep disorders.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to investigate the influence of aerobic exercise training on quality of sleep, psychological wellbeing and immune system among subjects with chronic primary insomnia.Material and methodsEighty previously sedentary subjects with chronic primary insomnia subjects enrolled in this study, their age ranged from 35–56 years. All participants were randomly assigned to supervised aerobic exercise intervention group (group A, n=40) or control group (group B, n=40). Polysomnographic recordings for sleep quality assessment, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Profile of Mood States(POMS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), number of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T cells count and CD4/CD8 ratio were measured before and at the end of the study after six months.ResultsThere was a significant increase in the total sleep duration, sleep efficiency and sleep onset latency in group(A) after six months of aerobic exercise training, while, wake time after sleep onset and rapid eye movement (REM) latency significantly reduced after six months of aerobic training compared with values obtained prior to aerobic exercise training. Also, the mean values of BDI, POMS, CD3 count, CD4 count and CD8 count decreased significantly and the mean value of RSES significantly increased in group (A) after the aerobic exercise training, while the results of the control group were not significant. Moreover, there were significant differences between both groups at the end of the study.ConclusionExercise training can be considered as a non-pharmacological modalty for modifying sleep quality, psychological wellbeing and immune system among subjects with chronic primary insomnia.     

应用二分类Logistic回归筛选重度阴道炎症反应的危险因素

目的:筛选阴道微生态评价检测系统中重度阴道炎症反应的危险因素。方法:收集4019例患者的阴道微生态评价检测及诊断结果,采用二分类Logistic回归统计分析。结果:重度阴道炎症反应最重要的危险因素为需氧菌性阴道炎(B=1.055,P=0.000,OR=2.873);其次为乳酸杆菌功能(B=1.044,P=0.000,OR=2.841)、菌群多样性(B=0.871,P=0.000,OR=2.390)、滴虫阴道炎(B=0.462,P=0.000,OR=1.588)及年龄(B=0.233,P=0.014,OR=1.263)。结论:重度阴道炎症反应主要危险因素包括需氧菌性阴道炎、乳酸杆菌功能、菌群多样性、滴虫阴道炎及年龄。     

米力农对肠系膜上动脉闭塞性休克兔肠道氧代谢的影响

目的米力农是磷酸二酯酶III抑制剂,许多研究认为能改善休克患者的血流动力学及全身的氧供、氧耗,但对肠道的氧供、氧耗的影响研究甚少。本研究旨在探讨米力农对肠系膜上动脉闭塞性(SMAO)休克兔肠道氧代谢的影响。方法16只健康家兔随机分为对照组和治疗组,经腹分离肠系膜上动脉复制SMAO休克模型。对照组静脉泵入米力农0.1ml·kg-1·min-1,治疗组静脉注入负荷量米力农50μg·kg-1,随后持续泵入米力农0.5ug·kg-1·min-1,液体总量和A组相同。实验期间于夹闭前-1h、松夹后休克时0h、松夹后1h、2h、定时观察MAP,HR,SMAF;测定肠系膜上静脉、颈内动脉血气,并根据公式计算出氧供(DO)2、和氧耗(VO)2。结果松夹后1-2h期间,治疗组较对照组MAP,HR,SMAF,肠道DO2及VO2明显升高(P<0.05或<0.01)。结论米力农能显著增加SMAO休克兔肠系膜上动脉血流量,提高肠道的氧供、氧耗、及全身血压,改善了缺血脏器的血供和氧合状态。     

Effects of combined sensory and muscular training on balance in Japanese older adults

BACKGROUND: Adequate levels of physical balance and muscular strength are necessary to live independently in old age. The effects of an exercise training program targeting the sensory and muscle systems on balance and strength in a group of older adults were determined in this study. METHODS: Static balance (one-leg balance with eyes closed), dynamic balance (limits of stability [endpoint excursion [EPE], maximum excursion [MXE]]), and strength (chair stand) were assessed before and after the intervention. Volunteers were divided randomly into a training group (TR, n = 15, 76 +/- 4 years) and a control group (CN, n = 14, 76 +/- 7 years). TR performed 12-week (2 days/week, 60 min/day) supervised training while standing on the floor (first 4 weeks) and progressing to standing on foam pads of different compliances. Exercises included movements that challenged the sensory and muscle systems. RESULTS: After 12 weeks of training, the TR demonstrated significant improvements in static balance (82%); EPE backward (72%), right (32%), and left (33%); MXE backward (74%), right (31%), and left (18%); and lower body muscle strength (20%) with no significant changes in CN. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that this training program is very effective in improving balance and lower body strength in older adults.     

Anogenital bacteriology in non-abused preschool children: a descriptive study of the aerobic genital flora and the isolation of anogenital Gardnerella vaginalis

The purpose of the study is to describe the genital aerobic bacterial flora including Gardnerella vaginalis in girls and the occurrence of anal G. vaginalis in both genders. From a group of 3773 children, 278 (99 boys and 179 girls) with a mean age of 5.63 y (range: 5.13-6.73) were recruited. Inclusion in the study was based on self-selection, whereby parents who did not suspect any occurrence of sexual abuse of their child gave informed consent to participate. Several mechanisms were undertaken to exclude abused children. At least one bacterial species was isolated from the genitals of 59 (33.9%) girls. Most isolates (39 out of 99) were bacteria representing skin flora (staphylococci and coryneform organisms), with viridans streptococci and related organisms as the second most common group of isolates (31 out of 99). S. anginosus was the single most frequent bacterial species identified (17 isolates). Streptococcus pyogenes was isolated from the genitals of two girls, Streptococcus pneumoniae from one girl and Haemophilus influenzae from eight girls. G. vaginalis was not isolated from the genitals in any girl, but the organism was isolated from the anal canal in three children.

Conclusion: A large number of different aerobic organisms were identified from the genital area. G. vaginalis was rare and only isolated from the anal canal.     

The role of physical activity enjoyment on the acute mood experience of exercise among smokers with elevated depressive symptoms

ProblemDepressive symptoms are consistently shown to be related to poor smoking cessation outcomes. Aerobic exercise is a potential treatment augmentation that, given its antidepressant and mood enhancing effect, may bolster cessation outcomes for smokers with elevated depressive symptoms. Lower enjoyment of physical activity may inhibit the acute mood enhancing effects of aerobic exercise. The current study investigated the associations between depressive symptoms, physical activity enjoyment and the acute mood experience from exercise among low-active smokers with elevated depressive symptoms.MethodDaily smokers with elevated depressive symptoms (N = 159; M_age = 45.1, SD = 10.79; 69.8% female) were recruited for a randomized controlled exercise-based smoking cessation trial. Participants self-reported levels of depressive symptoms, physical activity enjoyment, and rated their mood experience (assessed as “mood” and “anxiety”) before and after a standardized aerobic exercise test.ResultsHierarchical regression analysis revealed that depressive symptom severity accounted for significant unique variance in physical activity enjoyment (R² = 0.041, t = −2.61, p = 0.010), beyond the non-significant effects of gender and level of tobacco dependence. Additionally, physical activity enjoyment was a significant mediator of the association between depressive symptom severity and acute mood experience (“mood” and “anxiety”) following the exercise test.ConclusionsPhysical activity enjoyment may explain, at least in part, how depressive symptom severity is linked to the acute mood experience following a bout of activity. Interventions that target increasing physical activity enjoyment may ultimately assist in enhancing the mood experience from exercise, and therefore improve smoking cessation likelihood, especially for smokers with elevated depressive symptoms.