5-Locus high-resolution HLA allele and haplotype frequencies in Costa Ricans from the Central Valley

A total of 221 Costa Rican Mestizos from the Central Valley were genotyped at high-resolution for the human leukocyte antigen loci HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, and -DQB1 using sequence-based typing methods. The respective allele and extended haplotype frequencies, as well as Hardy-Weinberg proportions were calculated. The most frequent extended haplotype identified was A*24:02:01-B*40:02:01-C*03:05-DRB1*08:02:01-DQB1*04:02:01, with an estimated frequency of 2.04%. No deviation from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium was detected at any of the loci studied. The HLA genotypic data of the population sample reported here are available publicly in the Allele Frequencies Net Database under the population name “Costa Rica Central Valley Mestizo” and the identifier AFN3606.     

我院静脉药物配置中心不合理用药医嘱分析

目的:分析某院静脉药物配置中心的不合理用药医嘱情况。方法:统计某院2011年8月至2013年6月审核发现的不合理用药医嘱,对其进行分类并分析。结果:21个月来执行医嘱共705 883条,不合理用药医嘱554条(0.08%),类型包括剂量不当、配伍禁忌、溶媒选择不合理等。结论:该院PIVAS的开展对于促进临床合理用药具有重要的作用和现实意义。     

临床科室护士对静脉用药调配中心服务满意度调查

目的：通过调查临床护士对静脉用药调配中心（PIVAS）服务的满意度,分析可能影响满意度的因素,为进一步制定改进措施提供参考。方法：采用自行设计的问卷对某三级甲等医院PIVAS服务科室的护士进行调查。结果：护士对PIVAS的总体满意度得分为（3.99±1.05）分,其中服务范围、工作流程、服务效果3个项目满意度得分较低;不同学历、护龄、职称的护士满意度得分具有统计学差异（P〈0.05）。结论：临床科室护士对PIVAS的满意度可能与PIVAS服务范围、工作流程、服务效果有关,护士的学历、护龄、职称也可能会影响满意度的高低。     

我院静脉用药配置中心信息系统的设计与应用

目的建立满足医院静脉用药配置中心需求的信息系统。方法基于医院信息系统（HIS）,采用Delphi6.0、C#、SQL Server 2008等技术,设计和开发静脉用药配置中心管理系统。结果建立静脉用药配置中心信息系统,其功能适用,运行稳定,实现了静脉用药配置中心与临床工作站的信息转化与传递。结论对我院业务流程的充分理解和优化,是对医院原有信息系统再开发和成功应用的关键。     

我院静脉药物调配中心的建设与实施

目的 建设静脉药物调配中心(PIVAS),提高医院管理水平,保障患者用药安全.方法 对医院PIVAS的软硬件建设、管理及运行现状进行介绍,并阐述开展PIVAS的体会.结果 通过PIVAS的建设.可为患者提供高品质的输液产品.减少药品浪费,有利于职业防护.结论 建立PIVAS,有利于用药的安全、合理、经济,是现代医院药学服务的重要内容.     

静脉用药调配中心药学专业实习带教中目标管理法的构建与探讨

【摘要】目的：探讨目标管理法（MBO）在静脉用药调配中心（PIVAS）药学专业实习生培训带教中的应用效果。方法：将2015-2017年度某医院PIVAS实习的32名药学实习生在入科时随机分为对照组和观察组（每组16名）,分别予以传统带教模式和MBO教学模式带教4周,出科前以理论知识考核、操作技能考核、综合能力考核以及教学双方满意度测评评价MBO教学效果。结果：与对照组相比,观察组实习生的理论成绩（88.03 ± 5.86 vs. 80.69 ± 9.74,P=0.016）、操作成绩（96.97 ± 2.62 vs. 94.14 ± 4.31, P=0.034）与综合能力考核成绩（93.03 ± 3.63 vs. 89.00 ± 5.54, P=0.021）均显著提升,且带教老师对实习生满意度（92.38 ± 1.88 vs. 83.75 ± 3.02, P=0.023）及实习生对带教老师满意度（93.75 ± 1.91 vs. 84.81 ± 3.04,P=0.018）也显著提升,差异有统计学意义。结论：MBO教学法能有效提升PIVAS药学实习生教学效果,值得在PIVAS药学专业实习带教中进行推广应用。     

五官科静脉用药不合理医嘱分析

目的：探讨复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院（以下简称“我院”）静脉配置中心医嘱不合理情况,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法：回顾性分析我院静脉药物配置中心2013年6月—2014年5月静脉用药审核医嘱中发现的528份不合理医嘱。结果：不合理医嘱主要为给药频次、浓度不当,溶剂选用和溶剂量不当,给药时间、途径不当以及配伍禁忌等。结论：药师应运用药学专业知识审核医嘱,及时纠正不合理医嘱,提高临床用药水平。     

HLA-DRB1 Alleles are Associated With COPD in a Latin American Admixed Population

IntroductionWhile the molecular mechanisms of COPD pathogenesis remain obscure, there is mounting evidence supporting a key role for autoimmunity. Although human leukocyte antigens (HLA) alleles have been repeatedly associated with autoimmune processes, the relation between HLA and COPD remains largely unexplored, especially in Latin American (LA) populations. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the presence of HLA class I and II alleles in COPD patients and healthy controls in a LA population with admixed ancestry.MethodsCOPD patients (n = 214) and age-matched controls (n = 193) were genotyped using the Illumina Infinium Global Screening Array. The classic HLA alleles were imputed using HLA Genotype Imputation with Attribute Bagging (HIBAG) and the Hispanic reference panel. Finally, the distribution of HLA-DRB1 alleles was reexamined in 510 randomly recruited unrelated volunteers.ResultsCODP patients showed a higher HLA-DRB1*01:02 allele frequency (6.54%) than healthy controls (3.27%, p = 0.04, OR = 2.07). HLA-DRB1*01:02 was also significantly associated with FEV₁ (p = 0.04) and oxygen saturation (p = 0.02), and the FEV₁/FVC ratio was higher in HLA-DRB1*15:01-positive patients (p = 9 × 10^?3).ConclusionWe report an association among HLA-DRB1 alleles, COPD risk and pulmonary function parameters for the first time in Latin Americans. Since HLA-DRB1 genetic variability relates to the individual autoimmune response, these results support a role of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of COPD.     

Exploring iris colour prediction and ancestry inference in admixed populations of South America

New DNA-based predictive tests for physical characteristics and inference of ancestry are highly informative tools that are being increasingly used in forensic genetic analysis. Two eye colour prediction models: a Bayesian classifier – Snipper and a multinomial logistic regression (MLR) system for the Irisplex assay, have been described for the analysis of unadmixed European populations. Since multiple SNPs in combination contribute in varying degrees to eye colour predictability in Europeans, it is likely that these predictive tests will perform in different ways amongst admixed populations that have European co-ancestry, compared to unadmixed Europeans. In this study we examined 99 individuals from two admixed South American populations comparing eye colour versus ancestry in order to reveal a direct correlation of light eye colour phenotypes with European co-ancestry in admixed individuals. Additionally, eye colour prediction following six prediction models, using varying numbers of SNPs and based on Snipper and MLR, were applied to the study populations. Furthermore, patterns of eye colour prediction have been inferred for a set of publicly available admixed and globally distributed populations from the HGDP-CEPH panel and 1000 Genomes databases with a special emphasis on admixed American populations similar to those of the study samples.     

静脉用药调配中心质量管理实践

目的建立静脉用药调配中心(Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Service,简称PIVAS)科学的质量管理指导原则。方法设置监控指标,定期进行检查,在PIVAS质量管理实践中进行总结分析。结果提出了PIVAS质量管理指导原则及实施要点。结论在PIVAS内实行科学的质量管理可以有效提高医疗服务水平,保障临床用药安全。