静脉配置中心输液软袋破损原因分析及干预措施

目的 探讨静脉药物配置中心输液软袋破损原因及有效干预措施。方法 选取2014年7~12月我院静脉药物配置中心输液软袋破损情况作为研究对象。分析输液软袋破损的发生率和发生原因,并提出一系列相应干预措施。采集之后的2015年1~6月输液软袋破损数据,对这两组数据进行统计分析,分析干预措施的效果。 结果：干预前输液软袋破损发生率为0.042%,实施干预后,破损发生率降至0.025%,干预前后有非常显著差异(p<0.01),各种原因导致的输液袋破损均因干预而减少。结论：根据原因分析实施有效干预措施可降低输液软袋的破损率,提高输液成品的质量。     

建立医院静脉药物配置中心的意义及其进展

目的:系统介绍建立静脉药物配置中心(PIVAS)的意义及国内外发展现状.方法:以山东大学齐鲁医院建立PIVAS的具体操作为基础,系统调研国内外资料,对PIVAS的发展状况及存在问题进行了分析.结果:虽然PIVAS运行过程中仍存在一些问题,但其建立和发展将会促进医院药学的发展.结论:PIVAS的建立符合药学技术服务的发展趋势,能进一步发挥临床药师的作用,有助于提高医院的管理水平和医疗护理水平.     

静脉用药调配中心抗肿瘤药物不合理医嘱分析

目的分析本院静脉用药调配中心（PIVAS）抗肿瘤药物不合理医嘱情况,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法对本院2013年8月-2014年8月PIVAS配置的抗肿瘤静脉输液不合理医嘱进行总结研究。结果本院PIVAS共审核抗肿瘤静脉输液用药医嘱12 652份,其中不合理医嘱267份,主要类型为溶媒选择不适宜、溶媒剂量选用不当、药物超剂量使用、给药途径错误、给药顺序不当、配伍禁忌、重复给药、忽视禁忌证、不良反应增加等。结论及时分析临床抗肿瘤药物应用中存在的问题,可减少药品不良反应的发生,确保抗肿瘤药物的合理使用。     

GJB2 mutation spectrum in 209 hearing impaired individuals of predominantly Caribbean Hispanic and African descent

Objective

The purpose of the study is to determine whether Caribbean Hispanic and African admixture populations have a paucity of mutations in GJB2, encoding connexin 26.

Methods

We reported the paucity of mutations in GJB2 and deletions in GJB6 in Caribbean Hispanic and African admixture populations in the Bronx, NY, in 2007 [1]. We have now collected 102 additional probands with non-syndromic sensorineural hearing impairment (NSHI), for a total of 209. We describe here a presentation of the combined data.

Results

Of the 209 probands, 36% have affected family members with NSHI and the rest have sporadic occurrence. Of the familial cases, 43% had a first-degree relative affected, and the remainder a more distant relative. The hearing impairment ranged from unilateral mild to bilateral profound, with 76% exhibiting bilateral NSHI (BLNSHI). The single coding exon of the GJB2 gene was sequenced in 209 probands, PCR screening for del(GJB6-D13S1830) and sequencing of the non-coding exon of GJB2 to look for the known splice site mutation was performed in 32 NSHI patients with a heterozygous variation in GJB2, and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) testing of GJB2 and GJB6 exon deletions or amplifications (P163 GJB-WFS1 kit) was done in 70 probands. Eight unrelated individuals had biallelic GJB2 mutations, representing 4% of our entire cohort, or 5% of our probands with BLNSHI. Of 127 probands of Hispanic or African descent with BLNSHI, six (4.7%) had biallelic pathogenic mutations, three (2.3%) had monoallelic mutations and 118 (93%) had no disease-causing mutations in GJB2. At the same time, no major deletions were identified either by PCR screening (del(GJB6-D13S1830)) or by MLPA analysis (GJB2 or GJB6), and no subjects had the known splice site mutation in GJB2.

Conclusion

These results demonstrate that GJB2 is not the major contributor to the genetic basis of NSHI for the Bronx minority admixture populations.     

4-Locus high-resolution HLA allele and haplotype frequencies in Costa Ricans from Guanacaste

A total of 110 Costa Rican Mestizos from the province of Guanacaste were genotyped at high-resolution for the human leukocyte antigen loci HLA-A, -B, -C, and -DRB1 using sequence-based typing methods. The respective allele and extended haplotype frequencies, as well as Hardy-Weinberg proportions were calculated. The most frequent extended haplotype identified was A*24:02:01-B*35:12:01-C*04:01:01-DRB1*04:07:01G, with an estimated frequency of 2.73%. No deviation from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium was detected at any of the loci studied. The HLA genotypic data of the population sample reported here are available publicly in the Allele Frequencies Net Database under the population name “Costa Rica Guanacaste Mestizo” and the identifier AFN3609.     

Admixture analysis of age at onset in schizophrenia: evidence of three subgroups in a first-episode sample

Objective

The objective was to assess the presence of different subgroups, via age-at-onset (AAO) analysis, in a schizophrenia population consecutively recruited through an Early Psychosis Service in London, Canada.

Method

Admixture analysis was applied in order to identify a model of separate normal distribution of AAO characterized by different means, variances and population proportions to allow for evaluation of different subgroups in a sample of 187 unrelated patients with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, diagnosis of schizophrenia.

Results

The best-fitting model suggested three subgroups with means and standard deviations of 16.8±1.9, 22.3±2.1 and 32.7±5.9 years comprising 41%, 30% and 29% of the schizophrenia sample, respectively. These three subgroups were categorized as early, intermediate and late onset with cutoffs determined by admixture analysis to be 19 and 26 years of age, respectively. In our investigation, the definition of early-onset schizophrenia is the main outcome. We considered the clinical variables mainly related to the heritability and neurobiology of schizophrenia. Single status was strongly associated with early onset (P< .001). The male gender (P= .023), as well as a history of drug abuse (P= .004), was significantly associated with early onset. Interestingly, lower academic achievement was also associated with early-onset schizophrenia (P< .001).

Conclusion

Overall, our study showed that a typical early-onset schizophrenia patient is more likely to be a single male, with a history of drug abuse and birth complications, and lower academic achievement as compared to the late-onset subgroup.     

云南省PIVAS验收和收费标准的建立及实施

目的：介绍云南省静脉药物配置中心（PIVAS）验收和收费标准的建立和实施情况。方法：以云南省两家三甲医院为例分析PIVAS的成本及效益。结果：PIVAS验收和收费标准的建立促进了云南省PIVAST作的健康、稳步发展。结论：我国应出台统一PIVAS质量管理规范以及验收标准．并将PIVAS纳入医疗服务项目并给予收费。     

品管圈活动在减少静脉用药调配中心与临床科室重复沟通次数效果分析

目的 通过品管圈活动减少静脉用药调配中心(PIVAS)与临床科室重复沟通次数,减轻工作量的同时,提高药学服务品质。方法 以自愿报名的形式,组成8人的品管圈活动小组,按照品管圈活动的十大步骤,根据“二八”法则,找出重复沟通的主要内容,对其通过鱼骨图进行原因分析,关联图进行要因分析,对要因进行真因验证,制定出相应的对策并实施,最终进行效果确认。结果 重复沟通次数由活动前的1264次/15天,降到活动后的717次/15天,目标达成率104.6%。结论 品管圈活动应用在减少PIVAS与临床科室重复沟通次数是有效的、科学的管理手段。     

我院静脉用药集中调配中心的建立及运行效果的思考

通过对我院在建立和经营静脉用药集中调配中心(PIVAS)过程中遇到的问题进行思考,建议政府给予相应的支持、相关部门应尽快出台收费政策、医院内部做好管理和人员培训、适时的扩大配置品种和医嘱覆盖面,以期为即将开展该项工作的医疗机构提供参考。PIVAS是一种先进的静脉配液技术和科学的管理模式,为全面开展临床药学服务提供了新的渠道,建立PIVAS是药学发展的必然趋势。     

HLA-DRB1 Alleles are Associated With COPD in a Latin American Admixed Population

IntroductionWhile the molecular mechanisms of COPD pathogenesis remain obscure, there is mounting evidence supporting a key role for autoimmunity. Although human leukocyte antigens (HLA) alleles have been repeatedly associated with autoimmune processes, the relation between HLA and COPD remains largely unexplored, especially in Latin American (LA) populations. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the presence of HLA class I and II alleles in COPD patients and healthy controls in a LA population with admixed ancestry.MethodsCOPD patients (n = 214) and age-matched controls (n = 193) were genotyped using the Illumina Infinium Global Screening Array. The classic HLA alleles were imputed using HLA Genotype Imputation with Attribute Bagging (HIBAG) and the Hispanic reference panel. Finally, the distribution of HLA-DRB1 alleles was reexamined in 510 randomly recruited unrelated volunteers.ResultsCODP patients showed a higher HLA-DRB1*01:02 allele frequency (6.54%) than healthy controls (3.27%, p = 0.04, OR = 2.07). HLA-DRB1*01:02 was also significantly associated with FEV₁ (p = 0.04) and oxygen saturation (p = 0.02), and the FEV₁/FVC ratio was higher in HLA-DRB1*15:01-positive patients (p = 9 × 10⁻³).ConclusionWe report an association among HLA-DRB1 alleles, COPD risk and pulmonary function parameters for the first time in Latin Americans. Since HLA-DRB1 genetic variability relates to the individual autoimmune response, these results support a role of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of COPD.