血清蛋白变化对鼻咽癌患者预后判断的意义

本文研究了155例鼻咽癌血清蛋白电泳α_2/β的比值变化。结果表明,正常组(α_2/β<1)5年生存率明显高于异常组(α_2/β≥1)。尽管两组在治疗结束时疗效相似(完全缓解率为66.1％和65.2％),但5年内复发率前者为30.6％.后者为80.0％。因此,我们认为血清蛋白电泳不同于临床分期或其他预后因素,对判断鼻咽癌病人的预后方面更有价值。     

地塞米松对哮喘豚鼠肺组织Giα、Gqα的抑制作用

目的　研究糖皮质激素对豚鼠哮喘模型肺组织G蛋白α亚族表达的影响。方法　 18只豚鼠随机分为正常对照组(NS) ,哮喘组 (AS)和地塞米松治疗组 (DEX)。AS组用卵蛋白皮下及腹腔注射致敏 ,卵蛋白重复雾化吸入激发复制豚鼠哮喘模型。DEX组在每次激发前腹腔内注射地塞米松 2mg/kg进行干预。用Westernblot分析法测定豚鼠肺组织G蛋白α亚族的表达水平。结果　三组豚鼠肺组织Giα水平分别为NS组 10 0 % ,AS组 (15 3± 18) % ,DEX组 (113± 18) % ,AS组与NS组比较、DEX组与AS组比较差别显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。三组豚鼠肺组织Gqα水平分别为NS组 10 0 % ,AS组 (15 1± 19) % ,DEX组 (98± 4 ) % ,AS组与NS组比较、DEX组与AS组比较差别显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。在同样的条件下Gsα水平无显著变化 (P >0 .0 5 )。地塞米松能够显著抑制哮喘豚鼠肺组织中Giα、Gqα的高表达。结论　肺组织Giα ,Gqα的高表达变化参与了豚鼠哮喘模型的病理性信号传导 ,抑制哮喘肺组织Giα、Gqα的高表达可能是糖皮质激素治疗哮喘的机制之一。     

Differential Distribution of MAP1a and Aldolase c in Adult Mouse Cerebellum

MAP1a is a microtubule-associated protein with an apparent molecular weight of 360 kDa that is found in the axonal and dendritic processes of neurons. Two monoclonal anti-MAP1a antibodies, anti-A and anti-BW6, revealed different epitope distributions in the adult mouse cerebellum. Anti-A stained Purkinje and granule cells uniformly throughout the cerebellum. In contrast, anti-BW6 selectively stained the dendrites of a subset of Purkinje cells, revealing parasagittal bands of immunoreactivity in the molecular layer. The compartmentation of the BW6 epitope was compared to the Purkinje cells as revealed by immunostaining with anti-zebrin II, a well known antigen expressed selectively by bands of Purkinje cells. The anti-BW6 staining pattern was complementary to the zebrin II bands, the zebrin II^- Purkinje cells having BW6⁺ dendrites. These results demonstrate that MAP1a is present in two forms in the mouse cerebellum, one of which is segregated into parasagittal bands. This may indicate a unique MAP1a isoform or may reflect differences in the metabolic states of Purkinje cell classes, and regional differences in their functions.     

核仁形成区嗜银蛋白定量对结肠癌分型、分级的诊断意义

对１１４例不同类型和级别的结肠癌进行银染核仁形成区嗜银蛋白（Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ）形态定量研究．结果表明，Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ数量、大小和分布在结肠未分化癌和印戒细胞癌组与管状腺癌和粘液腺癌组比较，有明显差异．管状腺癌随分化程度的降低，Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ的数量、形态、大小和分布也发生等级性变化．结果提示，Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ形态定量的数量、形态、大小和分布４项指标对结肠癌分型有一定意义，对管状腺癌分级有较好的诊断价值。     

Cytochemical characteristics of neurons in the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus of hatchling chicks

The goal of the present study was to identify cytochemical markers characteristic of muscle afferents in hatchling chicks. To this end, we stained neurons in the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus with a variety of markers that label subsets of neurons in avian dorsal root ganglia. We found that trigeminal mesencephalic neurons are surprisingly heterogeneous in their cytochemical make-up, expressing, to varying degrees, substance P, cholecystokinin, carbonic anhydrase, calbindin D-28k, parvalbumin, and S-100β. Calbindin D28k and S-100β appeared to be expressed equally in medial and lateral divisions of the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus. In contrast, substance P- and cholecystokinin-immunoreactive neurons were more abundant in the medial division, whereas carbonic anhydrase activity and parvalbumin immunoreactivity were stronger in the lateral division. We were unable to detect met-enkephalin, neuropeptide Y, calcitonin gene-related peptide, vasoactive intestinal peptide, somatostatin, γ-aminobutyric acid, or tyrosine hydroxylase in the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus. Moreover, these neurons did not appear to bind the lectin Dolichos biflorus agglutinin. The heterogeneity of expression of markers among trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus neurons, especially between neurons in the medial and lateral divisions, suggests that these neurons are functionally diverse.     

成核效应蛋白在泡凝聚融合过程中作用的初步研究

为了探讨成核效应蛋白在泡凝聚、融合过程中的作用，作者研究了胆汁中主要的促成核蛋白系统—ＣｏｎＡ结合蛋白对模拟胆汁泡的形态与脂类组成的影响，发现ＣｏｎＡ结合蛋白在加快泡凝聚与融合的同时，也使泡胆固醇增加，磷脂减少，泡胆固醇／磷脂比增高，认为成核效应蛋白促泡凝聚与融合的本质是改变了泡胆固醇饱和度。作者的初步研究还发现泡相蛋白虽量微却具有强的促成核活性；几种已知的成核效应蛋白在泡相与微胶粒相的分布有差异；胆固醇结石患者与色素结石患者相比，泡蛋白的量与促成核活性均增高。通过泡蛋白亲和染色技术，还发现ＣｏｎＡ结合蛋白能与模拟胆汁泡形成脂质－蛋白复合体。作者认为，泡中成核效应蛋白的存在或量与质的改变，在泡凝聚与融合过程中起重要作用。     

Impaired cellular host defence in peritoneal dialysis by two granulocyte inhibitory proteins

Bacterial and fungal peritonitis is associated with a high riskof morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing continuousambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Impaired cellular hostdefence in the peritoneal cavity underlies this risk. Two granulocyteinhibitory proteins with a molecular weight of 28000 dalton(GIP I) and about 9500 dalton (GIP II) with homology to light-chainproteins and beta respectively, were isolated from peritonealdialysis effluents. In vitro, both granulocyte inhibitory proteinsinhibit PMNL glucose uptake, phagocytosis and intracellularkilling of bacteria. The IC₅₀ of GIP I or GIP II required forinhibition of half-maximal FMLP-induced or PMA-stimulated PMNLfunction was found to be in the nanomolar range, suggestingvery specific inhibition. These data may explain, at least inpart, defective local cellular host defence in CAPD patients.     

脑脊液髓鞘碱性蛋白自身抗体在脱髓鞘疾病的研究

脑脊液髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)自身抗体固相发光免疫分析法,是一项免疫检测新技术,目前国外尚未见到对脱髓病研究的报道。本文作者于1988.5～1989.3首先采用本法并证实其可靠性后,进入临床研究,对36例脱髓鞘病及20例其他CNS疾病者的对照组,用三项免疫指标行对比分析。CSFMBP自身抗体含量及其和同量IgG自身抗体的百分比值分别为69.23±11.95ng/ml及3.24±0.52ug/mg±gG和对照组相比,P值分别为<0.05及<0.001,有显著差异,对本病诊断有意义。     

The effects of maternal inflammation on neuronal development: possible mechanisms

That maternal inflammation adversely affects fetal brain development is well established. Less well understood are the mechanisms that account for neurodevelopmental disorders arising from maternal inflammation. This review seeks to begin an examination of possible sites and mechanisms of action whereby inflammatory cytokines - produced by the mother or by the fetal brain - could impact the developing fetus. We focus first on the placenta where cytokines maintain the immunological environment that prevents maternal rejection of the fetus. Following a brief examination of placental transfer of maternal cytokines, the focus turns on embryonic microglia, early and ubiquitous residents of the developing brain. Finally, a more intense examination of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) provides examples of glial- or maternal-derived cytokines that are known to have profound effects on developing systems and that could, if dysregulated, have undesirable consequences for brain development.     

Characterization of Aerosols of Human Recombinant Deoxyribonuclease I (rhDNase) Generated by Jet Nebulizers

Recombinant human deoxyribonuclease I (rhDNase) is a new therapeutic agent developed to improve clearance of purulent sputum from the human airways. It is delivered by inhalation. Four jet nebulizers, T Up-Draft II (Hudson), Customized Respirgard II (Marquest), Acorn II (Marquest), and Airlife Misty (Baxter), were evaluated in vitro for their ability to deliver aerosols of rhDNase. The aerosols were generated from 2.5-mL aqueous solutions of rhDNase, at concentrations of either 1 or 4 mg/mL. In all experiments, the Pulmo-Aide Compressor (De Vilbiss) was used to supply the air to the nebulizers. Between 20 and 28% of the rhDNase dose initially placed in the nebulizers was delivered to the mouthpiece in the respirable range (1-6 µm). Evaluation of the rhDNase following nebulization in all four devices indicated that there was no loss in enzymatic activity and no increase in aggregation. Circular dichroism spectrophotometry indicated there was no change in either the secondary or the tertiary structure in rhDNase following nebulization. These results show that all four nebulizers are essentially equivalent in their ability to deliver respirable doses of rhDNase in an intact, fully active form. Changing the concentration of the solution in the nebulizer from 4 to 1 mg/mL rhDNase leads to a proportional reduction in the respirable dose delivered to the mouthpiece.