Protective effect of arginine,leucine and preinjection of insulin on glutamate neurotoxicity in mice

The simultaneous intubation of 10-day-old mice with either 2.28 $\text{g}\text{kg}$ body weight arginine hydrochloride or 0.2 $\text{g}\text{kg}$ b.wt. leucine significantly reduced the number of necrotic neurons in the arcuate nucleus (AN) of the hypothalamus resulting from 2 $\text{g}\text{kg}$ b. wt. monosodium l-glutamate (MSG). The prior injection of 0.02 units per capita of insulin suppressed the MSG-induced lesions to an even great extent. These findings are believed to form a basis for the ineffectiveness of dietary MSG in producing hypothalamic lesions.     

绝经前后妇女骨矿含量正常值的探讨

运用单光子吸收法对761名正常妇女桡骨的两处进行了骨矿含量的测量。以5岁为一年龄组进行了统计学分析,显示女性在35岁～组后骨矿含量随年龄增长而降低。绝经期妇女的骨矿含量呈全骨性降低。60岁～组后,骨矿含量降低又趋缓慢。结果表明妇女的骨矿含量在绝经期降低尤为显著。为了及时发现绝经期骨质疏松症病人,最好建立每岁的正常骨矿含量标准,但目前尚无,本文建立以5岁为一年龄组的正常骨矿含量标准可为临床诊断骨质疏松症提供依据,并建议对绝经期妇女应每年监测骨矿含量。     

体外培养甲状腺细胞的形态与功能观察

本实验应用光镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜和放射免疫技术观察了体外培养6天甲状腺细胞形态与功能变化过程。用酶消化法将猪甲状腺分离成单个细胞,进行单层培养,在培养液中加入前列腺素 E_1(PGE_1)和 3′5′-环化腺苷酸(cAMP)以代替促甲状腺激素(TSH)的作用,在细胞培养中,观察并记录了甲状腺细胞在体外重新形成滤泡的全过程以及测定了甲状腺激素(T_3、T_4)在培养液中每天的浓度变化。甲状腺细胞在培养的4～5天内完成滤泡形成过程;培养液中T_4浓度在第5天达到分泌高峰。     

Effects of parenteral and oral administration of monosodium l-glutamate (MSG) on somatic growth in rats

The effects of parenterally and orally administered monosodium l-glutamate (MSG) on somatic growth were studied in rats. Neonatal rats receiving 10 s.c. injections of 4 g/kg body wt. showed hyperphagia only in the postweaning stage: at maturity they were obese, hyperlipidaemic and stunted, with reduced nasoanal and tail length, reduced endocrine and other organ weights and almost complete absence of neurons of the arcuate nucleus (AN). Low blood pressure and high heart rate were recorded in males. Infant rats receiving 10 injections of 4 g/kg of MSG showed milder disturbances. Neonatal or infant rats given repetitive doses of 0.2 or 0.5 g/kg showed parallel weight gains to those of controls. Weanling rats fed a diet containing 5% MSG for 10 days, following earlier intubation, consumed 7 g/kg body wt. per day of MSG without effect, their AN remaining normal. These data indicate that an adverse effect from MSG on somatic growth is not induced in so far as the AN neurons are not injured following any route of administration.     

Studies on brain lesion by administration of monosodium L-glutamate to mice. I. Brain lesions in infant mice caused by administration of monosodium L-glutamate

Light-microscopic examination was performed on the brain lesions induced by monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) in neonatal and infant mice of ICR strain. Lesions characterized as cytoplasmic balooning, chromatin clumping, pyknosis and karyorrhexis of neurons were recognized in the arcuate nucleus (AN), subfornical organ, preoptic area, area postrema and cerebral cortex. The most vulnerable region was the AN in which the region near the root of the median eminence was easily damaged. The changes in the AN were severest in 7-day-old mice, but only slight in 20-day-old mice. Thresholds of inducing AN lesions in 10-day-old mice after intraperitoneal injection and force-tube feeding were 0.4 and 0.7-0.8 g/kg body weight, respectively. The threshold of retinal changes was about 2.5-fold that of AN in force-tube feeding. In neonatal mice injected daily with 4 g MSG/kg body weight, the neurons of the AN disappeared almost completely by the 4th day of intraperitoneal administration.     

Association of recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder with free-fall parachuting

We describe 2 cases of recurrent dislocation of the shoulder in free-fall parachutists that occurred while falling free. We suggest that in such sportsmen surgical repair should be effected after the first dislocation.     

2型糖尿病患者血糖波动与颈动脉内膜中层厚度相关性研究

【目的】探讨2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者血糖（BG）波动与颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）的相关性。【方法】选取本院长期随访的T2DM患者,根据彩超测定结果将病例分为颈动脉IMT增厚组（A组,IMT≥0．9mm）和颈动脉IMT正常组（B组,IMT〈0．9mm）,测量各组糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）、空腹胰岛素（FINs）及餐后2h胰岛素（2hiNS）、空腹及餐后2hC肽、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）。采用自我血糖监测（SMBG）方式记录检测结果,共24周。【结果】两组患者空腹血糖（FBG）无统计学差异（P〉0．05）,但三餐后血糖（PBG）水平、空腹平均血糖标准差（SDBG）、餐后SDBG均有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。线性相关分析显示,IMT（转换后）与年龄、TC、TG、SBP、DBP、FBG、早餐后2hPBG、午餐后2hPBG、晚餐后午餐后2hPBG、空腹SDBG、餐后SDBG的线性相关关系显著（P〈0．05）,与性别、病程（转换后）、BMI、HbAlc（转换后）、HDL、LDL、FINS、2hFINS、空腹C肽、餐后2hC肽的相关关系不显著（P〉0．05）。偏相关分析显示IMT（转换后）与TC、TG、SBP、FBG、早餐后2hPBG、午餐后2hPBG、晚餐后午餐后2hPBG、空腹sDBG、餐后sDBG的相关关系显著（P〈0．05）,与DBP的相关关系不显著（P〉0．05）。以IMT（转换后）为因变量,多元逐步回归分析显示餐后sDBG、TC依次进入方程。【结论】血糖波动,尤其是餐后血糖波动与T2DM患者颈动脉IMT厚度密切相关。     

2型糖尿病患者血糖、血脂与轻度认知功能损害的关系

【目的】探讨2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者轻度认知功能损害（MCI）的相关因素。【方法】采用蒙特利尔认知评估（MoCA）北京版量表作为认知功能的主要测评工具,选取T2DM合并MCI患者58例为研究对象,T2DM无MCI患者60例为对照。空腹静脉采血。测定入选病例的糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）、血脂、肝肾功能。【结果】与对照组比较,MCI组非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（NHDL—C）、胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、HbAIc水平明显升高（P〈0．01）,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）水平降低（P〈0．01）,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）、丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、肌酐（Cr）差异无统计学意义。两组糖尿病（DM）病程、体重指数（BMI）差异具有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。【结论】NHDL—C是DM并发MCI危险性评估的一项有用的指标。T2DM患者血糖控制不良、血脂紊乱等因素与认知功能损害相关。     

Haemodialysis-associated anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions

Anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions related to haemodialysis have been increasingly described for almost 3 decades. The majority of these cases used to occur with ethylene oxide sterilized, and complement-activating cellulose membranes. However, a considerable number of publications have focused on polyacrylonitrile AN69 high flux membranes, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and iron as other important causes of potentially severe haemodialysis-related anaphylactoid reactions. Clinical manifestations vary considerably and generally do not allow differentiation between IgE-mediated anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid reactions (e.g. from nonspecific mediator release). Successful management of these patients requires multidisciplinary approach and involves prompt recognition and treatment by the attending physician, and identification of the offending agent(s) with subsequent avoidance of the incriminated compound(s). This review focuses on some major causes of anaphylactoid and anaphylactic reactions during haemodialysis. Special consideration is given to the therapeutic and diagnostic approach.