富血小板纤维蛋白对人脂肪干细胞增殖和成脂分化的影响

目的 探讨自体富血小板纤维蛋白(platelet-rich fibrin,PRF)对体外培养人脂肪来源干细胞(adipose-derived stem cells,ADSCs)增殖及成脂分化的影响.方法 将自愿捐献由脂肪抽吸术获取的脂肪组织进行分离培养ADSCs并鉴定.将第3代ADSCs分为空白对照组和1个PRF膜片组(1PRFM组)和2个PRF膜片组(2PRFM组).倒置显微镜观察细胞生长情况,培养后1、2、3、4、5、6、7d采用四甲基偶氮噻唑蓝比色法(MTT)法检测细胞增殖活性.在第3、5、7、9、11和14天时采用油红O染色法检测细胞成脂分化情况.结果 随着PRFM剂量的增加,细胞增殖数量和成脂率增加,3组差异具有显著统计学意义.结论 PRF能明显促进ADSCs增殖和成脂分化,可以作为自体材料应用于脂肪组织工程的研究.     

Greffe de tissu adipeux autologue dans la prise en charge chirurgicale des cicatrices douloureuses : résultats préliminaires

The purpose of this study was to report our experience about the effectiveness of autologous fat injections in the management of painful scars. Between 2010 and 2012, all patients with persistent incisional pain despite a well-conduced 6 months medical treatment received an autologous fat graft according to the technique originally described by Coleman. Results interpretation was based on pain improvement thanks to a Visual Analogic Scale (VAS), postoperative patient satisfaction, reduction on analgesics intake and quality of life improvement. Eleven patients were included, the mean quantity of fat injected was 11 cm³. Nine patients (1.5%) benefited from a complete or significant pain decrease, 74.5% reported being very satisfied or satisfied with the result. The mean reduction of VAS was 3.5 points. We did not observe any complication. Autologous fat grafting is an innovative therapeutic approach and appears to be an attractive concept in the management of scar neuromas resistant to drug treatment, by providing an easy effective and safe surgical treatment.     

人脂肪间充质干细胞静脉移植修复脊髓损伤：相关因子及行为学评价

背景：研究证实脂肪间充质干细胞在体外经丹参等诱导剂诱导后可分化为神经元样细胞,因此有可能成为治疗脊髓损伤新的种子细胞。 目的：探讨脂肪间充质干细胞尾静脉移植后,对急性闭合性脊髓损伤大鼠行为学及损伤脊髓组织中各因子表达的影响。 方法：无菌条件下体外分离培养人脂肪间充质干细胞,传至第4代,将细胞收集并制成浓度为1×109 L-1细胞悬液。盐水对照组、细胞移植组大鼠建立脊髓损伤模型,造模成功后1周,细胞移植组经尾静脉注射1 mL干细胞悬液,盐水对照组同法注射等体积的生理盐水,模型对照组不做任何处理。 结果与结论：与模型对照组和盐水对照组比较,细胞移植组大鼠后肢运动功能明显恢复,BBB评分明显升高(P < 0.05);胶质纤维酸性蛋白阳性表达明显减少(P < 0.05),神经元特异性烯醇化酶、巢蛋白的阳性表达均明显升高(P < 0.05)。移植后3 d及1周,在损伤区及临近的脊髓节段可见经荧光染料标记的脂肪间充质干细胞,主要聚集在受损伤脊髓节段1 cm范围内,呈不均匀分布。提示急性闭合性脊髓损伤大鼠经尾静脉移植人脂肪间充质干细胞后,其行为学得到改善,受损脊髓节段局部神经元细胞分化明显增多,修复速度加快。     

Tissue engineered extracellular matrices (ECMs) in urology: Evolution and future directions

Autologous gastrointestinal tissue has remained the gold-standard reconstructive biomaterial in urology for >100 years. Mucus-secreting epithelium is associated with lifelong metabolic and neuromechanical complications when implanted into the urinary tract. Therefore, the availability of biocompatible tissue-engineered biomaterials such as extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds may provide an attractive alternative for urologists. ECMs are decellularised, biodegradable membranes that have shown promise for repairing defective urinary tract segments in vitro and in vivo by inducing a host-derived tissue remodelling response after implantation. In urology, porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) and porcine urinary bladder matrix (UBM) are commonly selected as ECMs for tissue regeneration. Both ECMs support ingrowth of native tissue and differentiation of multi-layered urothelial and smooth muscle cells layers while providing mechanical support in vivo. In their native acellular state, ECM scaffolds can repair small urinary tract defects. Larger urinary tract segments can be repaired when ECMs are manipulated by seeding them with various cell types prior to in vivo implantation. In the present review, we evaluate and summarise the clinical potential of tissue engineered ECMs in reconstructive urology with emphasis on their long-term outcomes in urological clinical trials.     

Preclinical assessment of safety and efficacy of intravenous delivery of autologous adipose-derived regenerative cells (ADRCs) in the treatment of severe thermal burns using a porcine model

Objective

A number of studies have reported that application of autologous adipose-derived cell populations leads to improved outcome in different preclinical models of thermal burn injury. However, these studies were limited to assessment of relatively small injuries amounting to only ～2% of total body surface area (TBSA) in which the complications associated with large burns (e.g.: systemic inflammation and the need for fluid resuscitation) are absent. In anticipation of translating this approach to a clinical trial in which these complications would be present we applied a preclinical model that more closely resembles a patient with large thermal burn injury requiring skin grafting. Thus, the present study used a porcine model to investigate safety and efficacy of intravenous delivery of ADRCs in the treatment of a complex burn injury comprising ～20% TBSA and including both moderately deep (44%) partial and full thickness burns, and the injury associated with skin graft harvest.

In vitro vascularization of a combined system based on a 3D printing technique

A vital challenge in complex organ manufacturing is to vascularize large combined tissues. The aim of this study is to vascularize in vitro an adipose‐derived stem cell (ADSC)/fibrin/collagen incorporated three‐dimensional (3D) poly(d,l ‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffold (10 × 10 × 10 mm³) with interconnected channels. A low‐temperature 3D printing technique was employed to build the PLGA scaffold. A step‐by‐step cocktail procedure was designed to engage or steer the ADSCs in the PLGA channels towards both endothelial and smooth muscle cell lineages. The combined system had sufficient mechanical properties to support the cell/fibrin/collagen hydrogel inside the predefined PLGA channels. The ADSCs encapsulated in the fibrin/collagen hydrogel differentiated to endothelial and smooth muscle cell lineage, respectively, corresponding to their respective locations in the construct and formed vascular‐like structures. This technique allows in vitro vascularization of the predefined PLGA channels and provides a choice for complex organ manufacture. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The differentiation of rat adipose-derived stem cells into OEC-like cells on collagen scaffolds by co-culturing with OECs

Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) transplantation is a promising or potential therapy for spinal cord injury (SCI). However, their clinical use is limited because of the availability. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been identified as an alternative source of adult stem cells in recent years. ADSCs could be differentiated into various mesenchymal tissues cells such as chondrocytes, adipocytes, osteoblasts, and myocytes and also could be differentiated into neural lineages. In this study, we examined the feasibility of using ADSCs as a source of stem cells for the differentiation of OECs by co-culture approach. When co-cultured with OECs, the ADSCs on three-dimensional collagen scaffolds were differentiated into OEC-like cells, with similar morphology and antigenic phenotypes (p75NTR+/Nestin+/GFAP-) of OECs. Co-cultured ADSCs were positive for several important functional markers of mature OECs such as neurotrophic factor GDNF, BDNF and myelin protein PLP and the conditioned medium of OEC-like cells could significantly promote DRG neuron growth and axon sprouting without NGF supporting in contrast to that of the ADSCs. Our results showed that ADSCs had the potential to differentiate into OEC-like cells on the three-dimensional collagen scaffolds in vitro.     

脂肪来源基质细胞的扩增及多分化潜能研究

目的建立人脂肪来源的基质细胞(ADSCs)的分离和扩增方法,探讨ADSCs的多向分化潜能。方法采用胶原酶消化法分离扩增人ADSCs,测定其生长的经时变化、累积生长倍数等;应用不同因子诱导ADSCs向脂肪细胞及神经元样细胞分化并进行鉴定。结果每100ml脂肪抽吸物中可分离得到2×107~4×107个有核细胞,60d内扩增至P8;油红O染色、免疫细胞化学染色及RT-PCR证实ADSCs经诱导可分化为脂肪细胞及神经元样细胞。结论建立了ADSCs的扩增培养方法,扩增培养的ADSCs具有旺盛的增殖能力,并且具有向脂肪细胞及神经元样细胞分化的潜能。有望作为一种成体多能干细胞应用于组织工程及细胞治疗。     

表皮生长因子刺激对脂肪干细胞促血管生成作用的影响

目的 探讨表皮生长因子（epidermal growth factor,EGF）对脂肪干细胞（adipose-derived stem cells,ADSCs）旁分泌促血管生成因子及促进人脐静脉内皮细胞（human umbilical vein endothelial cells,HUVEC）小管形成的影响.方法 体外原代培养ADSCs,流式细胞术分析细胞表面标志物表达,酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测不同浓度EGF刺激前后ADSCs-CM中血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）、肝细胞生长因子（hepatoeyte growth factor,HGF）、间质源性因子-1 （stromal-cell derived factor-1,SDF-1）含量变化;HUVEC小管形成实验检测EGF预处理对ADSCs促进HUVEC形成管样毛细血管的影响.结果 利用脂肪抽吸液成功培养出ADSCs,ADSCs具有其特异的表面标记物表达;ADSCs可分泌各种促血管生成因子,且EGF刺激可增加其分泌量;ADSCs可促进共培养的HUVEC形成管样毛细血管,用EGF预处理ADSCs后该作用显著提高.结论 体外环境下ADSCs可分泌多种促血管生成因子,并可促进共培养的HUVEC形成管样毛细血管;EGF刺激可增强该作用,15 mg/L EGF即可达到最佳效果.     

脂肪源性干细胞对大鼠坐骨神经功能恢复的影响

目的：：探讨脂肪源性干细胞（ADSCs）对大鼠坐骨神经功能恢复的影响。方法：将第4代ADSCs移植入脱细胞神经移植物（ANA）中,构建组织工程神经。大鼠随机分为正常对照组、培养基组和实验组,培养基组和实验组均建立坐骨神经损伤模型,然后用相应的组织工程神经桥接损伤神经的断端。术后6W和12W采用神经电生理记录仪检测各组大鼠坐骨神经传导速度和波幅。结果：术后6 W、12W,实验组坐骨神经传导速度和波幅明显高于培养基组（P<0.05）,但低于正常对照组（P<0.01）;并且,实验组术后12W时的神经传导速度和波幅明显高于术后6W（P<0.05）。结论：ADSCs可增加坐骨神经传导速度和波幅,促进坐骨神经功能的恢复。