Presence of autoantibodies to apolipoprotein A-1 in patients with acute coronary syndrome further links autoimmunity to cardiovascular disease

Anti-apolipoprotein A-1 (Apo A-1) autoantibodies were described in autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and might be involved in the genesis of arterial and venous thrombotic events. To investigate the presence of these autoantibodies in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) without other features of autoimmunity, we set up an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for anti-Apo A-1 antibodies. We used it to investigate their prevalence in ACS as compared to SLE and APS and correlated them to plasma Apo A-1 and serum amyloid A protein (SAA) concentrations. The prevalence of anti-Apo A-1 autoantibodies in the healthy control group was 1% (1/92), but was significantly higher in other groups: 21% (11/53) in ACS group (P=0.001), 13% (12/92) in SLE and/or APS group (P=0.005). Multiple linear regression revealed a significant correlation between plasma Apo A-1 (r=-0.72, P=0.013), plasma SAA concentration (r=0.76, P=0.0066) and anti-Apo A-1 IgG titre in ACS patients. The presence of anti-Apo A-1 autoantibodies in patients with ACS highlights an additional link between autoimmunity, inflammation and atherosclerosis.     

C-reactive Protein Level,Apolipoprotein B-to-apolipoprotein A-1 Ratio,and Risks of Ischemic Stroke and Coronary Heart Disease among Inner Mongolians in China

Objective We aimed to investigate the cumulative effect of high CRP level and apolipoprotein B-to-apolipoprotein A-1(ApoB/ApoA-1) ratio on the incidence of ischemic stroke(IS) or coronary heart disease(CHD) in a Mongolian population in China.Methods From June 2003 to July 2012,2589 Mongolian participants were followed up for IS and CHD events based on baseline investigation.All the participants were divided into four subgroups according to C-reactive protein(CRP) level and ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio.Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios(HRs) and 95% confidence intervals(CIs) for the IS and CHD events in all the subgroups.Results The HRs(95% CI) for IS and CHD were 1.33(0.84-2.12),1.14(0.69-1.88),and 1.91(1.17-3.11) in the ‘low CRP level with high ApoB/ApoA-1',‘high CRP level with low ApoB/ApoA-1',and ‘high CRP level with high ApoB/ApoA-1' subgroups,respectively,in comparison with the ‘low CRP level with low ApoB/ApoA-1' subgroup.The risks of IS and CHD events was highest in the ‘high CRP level with high ApoB/ApoA-1' subgroup,with statistical significance.Conclusion High CRP level with high ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio was associated with the highest risks of IS and CHD in the Mongolian population.This study suggests that the combination of high CRP and ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio may improve the assessment of future risk of developing IS and CHD in the general population.     

胆木茎中一个新的吲哚生物碱苷

目的研究中药胆木水溶性部位的化学成分。方法采用大孔吸附树脂，硅胶柱色谱和Sephadex LH20凝胶柱色谱分离纯化，通过光谱分析鉴定化合物的结构。结果从胆木水溶性部位中分离得到7个化合物，分别鉴定为： naucleamide A-10-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (I)， 5-β-carboxystrictosidin (II)， 獐牙菜苷(III)， 番木鳖苷A(IV)， 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (V)， 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (VI)， 2-phenethylrutinoside (VII)。结论化合物I为新的吲哚类生物碱苷，化合物I～VII均为首次从该植物中分得。     

Discovery and Development of Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Histone Methyltransferase G9a

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Mandibular rescue: Application of the ALT fascia free flap to arrest osteoradionecrosis of the mandible

ObjectivesTo evaluate the use of the anterolateral thigh fascia free flap for use in neovascularization of mandibular bone in moderate osteoradionecrosis (ORN). All patients had ORN secondary to prior radiation therapy that was not severe enough to warrant segmental resection and reconstruction.Study designCase series.SettingTertiary medical center.MethodsIRB approval was obtained, and a retrospective chart review performed of all mandibular rescue procedures performed from 2011 to 2014. Patients with a minimum of two years of follow-up were included in the study.ResultsAll surgeries were performed by the senior surgeon (MF). Eight patients underwent the mandibular rescue procedure with resolution of pain and return to oral feeding in all patients, and no evidence of ORN progression on follow-up imaging. A total of 9 ALT free flaps were performed (one patient had 2 surgeries). Gender was distributed evenly (4 female/4 male). The average age was 66 (58-78), average length of hospitalization was 2.8 days (1–7), and average follow-up was 46.5 months (25–63).ConclusionsThe mandibular rescue procedure is a novel technique using the ALT fascia lata free flap to provide coverage and nutrient blood flow to mandible devascularized secondary to radiation therapy. The flap provides the advantages of low morbidity, ease of harvest, two-team approach to ablation and reconstruction, and quick recovery resulting in ‘short-stay’ free flap surgery. Although conclusions must be tempered in this small case series, our early clinical experience shows the ALT fascia lata flap holds promise in halting the destructive progression of ORN that is not yet advanced enough to require a segmental resection and reconstruction.     

The role of angiotensin-(1–7) receptor Mas in spermatogenesis in mice and rats

Evidence regarding the components of the renin–angiotensin (Ang) system suggests that this system plays an important role in male reproduction. However, there are few data available in the literature on the effects of Ang-(1–7) on the male reproductive system. The present study investigated the effects of the genetic deletion and chronic blockage of Ang-(1–7) receptor Mas on spermatogenesis and male fertility. The localization of Mas in mouse and rat testes was determined by binding assays and immunofluorescence, whereas the testis structure and spermatogenic process were morphologically and stereologically analysed by light microscopy. Ang-(1–7) binding and immunofluorescence revealed the presence of Mas in the testes of mice and rats. Although the total numbers of Sertoli and Leydig cells per testis and Leydig cell size were similar in both wild-type and Mas -deficient mice, Mas ^−/– animals exhibited a significant reduction in testis weight and a greater volume of apoptotic cells, giant cells and vacuoles in the seminiferous epithelium. In both mice and rats, an increased number of apoptotic cells were found during meiosis. Due to disturbed spermatogenesis, daily sperm production was markedly reduced in Mas ^−/– mice. Moreover, chronic infusion of A-779 [an Ang-(1–7) antagonist] in rats significantly increased the total number of apoptotic cells and primary spermatocytes in particular stages of spermatogenesis. Taken together, these findings strongly suggest that Ang-(1–7) receptor Mas plays an important role in the regulation of spermatogenesis.