TBX22基因多态性与非综合征性唇腭裂相关关系的研究

目的：探讨TBX22基因多态性与中国华东地区部分人群非综合性征唇腭裂的关系。方法：选取80个核心家庭的80例NSCL/P患儿为实验组;选取80例正常儿童作为对照组。分别提取患儿及其父母和正常儿童的外周血DNA。应用聚合酶链式反应（polymerase chain reaction,PCR）分别扩增TBX22基因编码区外显子3的全部序列（包含G359A、A361G突变位点）,然后运用DNA测序技术,检测华东地区核心家庭的TBX22基因编码区的突变情况,分析记录基因型。根据测序所得基因型数据,比较患者组与正常儿童的基因型和等位基因频率,并对核心家庭的数据进行单倍型相对风险分析（haplotype relative risk,HRR）,对父母至少一方为杂合子的核心家庭进行传递不平衡检验（transmitted disequilibrium test,TDT）。结果：TBX22基因A361G未检出多态性;G359A检测出基因多态性,实验组和对照组儿童进行病例对照研究发现基因型频数分布差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。而两组间单体型相对风险率的分析（HRR）和传递不平衡检验（TDT）结果均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：TBX22基因G359A位点多态性与中国华东地区部分人群NSCL/P的发生相关,可能是NSCL/P的易感基因。     

A late sharp increase in influenza detections and low interim vaccine effectiveness against the circulating A(H3N2) strain,Denmark, 2021/22 influenza season up to 25 March 2022

We estimated interim influenza A vaccine effectiveness (VE) following a late sharp rise in cases during an influenza A(H3N2)-dominated 2021/22 season, after lifting COVID-19 restrictions. In children aged 2–6 years offered a live attenuated influenza vaccine, adjusted VE was 62.7% (95% CI: 10.9–84.4) in hospitalised and 64.2% (95% CI: 50.5–74.1) in non-hospitalised children. In non-hospitalised patients aged 7–44 years, VE was 24.8% (95% CI: 12.8–35.2); VE was non-significant in remaining age groups and hospital/non-hospital settings.     

Both Th1 and Th2 chemokines are elevated in sera of patients with autoimmune blistering diseases

Although chemokines are critical elements for the selective attraction and activation of various leukocyte subsets in the inflammatory process, there are few findings concerning T helper (Th) 1 or Th2 chemokines in autoimmune blistering disease (ABD). To determine whether serum levels of chemokines that are preferentially chemotactic for Th1 (monokine induced by IFN-γ (MIG/CXCL9)) and Th2 (thymus and activation regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) and macrophage derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22)) cells were elevated and whether they correlated with the clinical features in patients with ABD. Serum chemokine levels were examined using ELISA in patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV, n=19), pemphigus foliaceous (PF, n=14), or bullous pemphigoid (BP, n=27) and normal controls (n=20). Serum MIG levels were significantly higher in patients with PV, PF, or BP than those in the control subjects. Serum levels of TARC and MDC were also significantly elevated in patients with PV, PF, or BP relative to the normal controls. Among the ABD subgroups, the levels of each chemokine tended to be higher in BP patients than in PV patients. Furthermore, serum TARC levels correlated positively with serum IgE levels in patients with ABD. Levels of TARC, MDC, and MIG were significantly decreased after treatment when the skin lesions disappeared in these patients. Furthermore, serum MIG levels correlated positively with serum levels of TARC and MDC in the ABD patients. These results suggest that both a Th1 chemoattractant MIG and Th2 chemoattractants, TARC and MDC, cooperatively play a role in the development of ABD.     

Characterization of Opioid Binding Sites in the Neural and Intermediate Lobe of the Rat Pituitary Gland by Quantitative Receptor Autoradiography

Previous studies have suggested an involvement of enkephalins in regulation of oxytocin (OXT) and vasopressin (AVP) release, which seems to disagree with the very low affinities of Met- and Leu-enkephalin for the kappa opioid receptor. As opioid receptors in the neural lobe exclusively exist of kappa receptors, we studied the binding characteristics of larger pro-enkephalin derived peptides for opioid binding sites in the neural lobe by means of light microscopic receptor autoradiography. In addition, the pharmacological characteristics of opioid binding sites in the neural lobe were compared with those in other parts of the pituitary. In the neural as well as the intermediate lobe both high and low affinity ³H-bremazocine binding sites were present. Binding to these sites was completely displaceable by both naloxone and nor-binaltorphimine, suggesting that these sites represent kappa opioid receptors. Also with regard to selectivity and affinity characteristics to other ligands, opioid binding sites in the neural and intermediate lobe were quite similar. In the anterior lobe a very low level of bremazocine binding was present, which could not be displaced by nor-binaltorphimine. Displacement studies with pro-enkephalin and pro-dynorphin derived peptides showed that both groups of peptides could bind to opioid binding sites in the neural and intermediate lobe. Especially the relatively large pro-dynorphin and pro-enkephalin derived peptides, such as dynorphin 1–17 and BAM22, appeared to be very potent ligands for these opioid binding sites and were much more potent than smaller fragments, such as dynorphin 1–8, and Met- and Leu-enkephalin. These results contradict the existence of a mismatch in the neural (and intermediate) lobe with regard to the local type of opioid peptides and receptors present.     

戊型肝炎肝衰竭患者的血生化指标及血清IL-22表达水平研究

目的研究由HEV感染引起的肝衰竭(hepatic failure,HF)患者肝功能指标特征及血清IL-22水平。方法回顾性分析132例戊型肝炎(戊肝)HF病例资料,按照是否有HBV感染分为混合感染HF组和单纯戊肝HF组,比较2组肝功指标、IL-22、IL-6以及IFN-γ水平。以普通戊肝组和健康体检组作对照,比较4组IL-22、IL-6及IFN-γ水平。结果混合感染HF组ALT、TBIL水平高于单纯戊肝HF组(P均0.05),PA水平低于单纯戊肝HF组(P0.05)。在IL-22水平方面,戊肝患者均高于健康对照者,混合感染HF组最高,普通戊肝组最低。在IL-6水平方面,HF患者均高于健康对照者,且混合感染HF组最高(P均0.05),但是普通戊肝组与健康对照组差异无统计学意义。4组IFN-γ差异无统计学意义。结论与单纯戊肝HF患者相比,混合感染HF组肝功能损害程度更严重。戊肝患者IL-22、IL-6水平升高,发生HF时明显升高,合并HBV感染时更高。     

A B-cell lymphoma-associated chromosomal translocation in a progressive transformation of germinal center

Progressive transformation of germinal center (PTGC) is a pattern of lymph node reactive hyperplasia. It can also be the predominant pattern in a hyperplastic lymph node known as florid PTGC. It is characterized histologically by the expansion of the mantle zone lymphocytes into both the adjacent sinusoids and germinal centers. The lymphocytes destroying the germinal centers are predominantly B cells, with a minor population of T cells. Morphologically, it can be confused with nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin disease (NLPHD) because of its nodular pattern and because of the presence of large cells that can be incorrectly identified as lymphocytic and histiocytic cells. A relationship between PTGC and NLPHD remains unclear, and many authors have suggested that PTGC can represent a precursor lesion of NLPHD. Here we report the first karyotype obtained in PTGC, in a 12-year-old boy. It shows a t(3;22)(q27;q11) translocation, probably involving the BCL6 gene. This translocation has previously been described in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas and in NLPHD with BCL6 rearrangement. This finding offers an insight into a possible tumorigenic pathway from PTGC to NLPHD. Further studies will be required to confirm this hypothesis.     

Familial transmission of a deletion of chromosome 21 derived from a translocation between chromosome 21 and an inverted chromosome 22

Chromosome analysis of a newborn boy with Down syndrome resulted in the identification of a family with an unusual derivative chromosome 22. The child has 46 chromosomes, including two chromosomes 21, one normal chromosome 22, and a derivative chromosome 22. Giemsa banding and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) studies show that the derivative chromosome is chromosome 22 with evidence of both paracentric and pericentric inversions, joined to the long arm of chromosome 21 from 21q21.2 to qter. The rearrangement results in partial trisomy 21 extending from 21q21.2 to 21q terminus in the patient. The child's mother, brother, maternal aunt, and maternal grandmother are all carriers of the derivative chromosome. All have 45 chromosomes, with one normal chromosome 21, one normal chromosome 22, and the derivative chromosome 22. The rearrangement results in the absence of the short arm, the centromere, and the proximal long arm of chromosome 21 (del 21pter21q21.2) in carriers. Carriers of the derivative chromosome in this family have normal physical appearance, mild learning disabilities and poor social adjustment. Am. J. Med. Genet. 70:399–403, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Radiotherapy suppressed tumor-specific recruitment of regulator T cells via up-regulating microR-545 in Lewis lung carcinoma cells

Objective: Radiotherapy is an important treatment for cancer. The main irradiated action is thought to be the irreversible damage to tumor cell DNA, but recent studies showed that high dose radiotherapy related to the tumor immune response. This study was designed to determine the relationship between Lewis lung tumor radiosensitivity and CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) infiltration and elucidate the underlying mechanisms in vitro. Methods: With tumor transplantation method to establish mice Lewis lung tumor mice model, to observe the inhibition rate of radiotherapy to tumor growth. Proliferation profiles of CD4+CD25+ Tregs and CD4+ T cells were assessed by flow cytometry. MiR-545 and CCL-22 mRNA were determined by Quantitative Real-Time PCR. CCL-22 protein was determined by western blot assay. Results: Radiotherapy caused a time-dependent inhibition of tumor growth as well as a decrease in the percentage of tumor-infiltrating CD4+CD25+ Tregs of CD4+ T cells compared with no treatment group. And the miR-545 was significantly upregulated and CCL-22 was significantly down-regulated in irradiated tumor and Lewis lung cancer cells. In Lewis lung cancer cell transfection experiments, mimic or inhibitor for miR-545 negatively regulated CCL-22 expression when cells treated or treated without irradiation. Silenced miR-545 promotes CD4+CD25+ Treg proliferation. Additionally, silenced miR-545 reversed radiosensitivity of Lewis lung cancer. Conclusion: Radiotherapy suppressed specific recruitment of regulator CD4+CD25+ Treg cells in Lewis lung carcinoma via up-regulating microR-545.     

NEOPLASTIC DISEASE AND DELETION 22q11.2: A MULTICENTRIC STUDY AND REPORT OF TWO CASES

Deletion 22q11.2 is a chromosomal abnormality detected in young patients with clinical manifestations of the DiGeorge/velocardiofacial syndrome. Conotruncal heart defects are also associated with del22q11.2. An association of these cardiac malformations with neoplasias has been observed. Our series includes two cases of malignancies, a hepatoblastoma and a renal-cell carcinoma, arising in children with complex cardiac malformations. The aim of the study was to determine if the deletion at 22q11.2 was present and could be responsible for both pathological processes. Del22q11.2 was identified in both cases. Comparative genomic hybridization revealed terminal gains on chromosomes 1q and Xq and terminal loss on 1p in the hepatoblastoma, and gains in 1p, 12q, 16p, 20q, 22q, and whole chromosome 19 and loss of Xq in the renal-cell carcinoma. Our results confirm a common genetic basis for cardiac malformations, and del22q11.2 presents a risk factor for the development of pediatric tumours.