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Background
Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease with varying pathological features. Activation of the CCL20-CCR6 axis plays an important role in chronic inflammatory diseases. However, whether CCL20-CCR6 and Th1/17 cells are indicative of active vitiligo is unclear.Objective
To investigate the potential role of CCL20 and the involvement of Th1/17 and Tc1/17 cells in the mechanism in vitiligo.Methods
One hundred patients with vitiligo, and 20 healthy controls were included. The serum and blister fluid IL-17, IFN-γ, CCL20, and CXCL10 were studied using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The numbers of Th1/17 cells and Tc1/17 cells in circulation were quantified using flow cytometry. CCR6 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and the protein level was confirmed by western blotting. CCR6 and CCL20 expression in lesions was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.Results
The serum CCL20 level was significantly elevated in patients with vitiligo. The level of serum CCL20 was higher in active than in the stable stage, which correlated positively with the Vitiligo European Task Force spreading score and the Vitiligo Area Scoring Index score. Patients with active vitiligo had elevated numbers of circulating Th1/17 cells and Tc1/17 cells, and upregulated expression of CCR6 in PBMCs and lesions. After effective treatment, the level of CCL20 in sera and blister fluid was significantly decreased, as were the numbers of circulating Th1/17 cells and Tc1/17 cells.Conclusion
CCL20 might be a vital biomarker of active vitiligo, and circulating Th1/17 and Tc1/17 cells are involved in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. 相似文献Areas covered: We will review current concepts regarding the immunopathology of B cells as well as results of clinical trials with CD20-mAbs in MS, from the murine-human chimeras rituximab and ublituximab to their increasingly humanized counterparts ocrelizumab and ofatumumab. We conducted a literature search using PubMed, clinicaltrials.gov, and clinicaltrialsregister.eu. We will focus on studies emphasizing the effectiveness of these mAbs in reducing MS disease activity and progression, long-term safety, optimal dosage and maintenance regimens. Lastly, we will turn to outstanding questions regarding anti-CD20 therapy in MS.
Expert opinion: CD20-mAbs could become first-line drugs in selected patients with highly active MS and already constitute an option for PPMS. Future studies could evaluate whether administration regimens currently in use can be optimized, while registry data could shed light on risk versus benefits on the long run, considering immunosenescence and a potentially increased risk of malignancies and infections in an aging population. 相似文献
Areas covered: This review discusses the recent available clinical data about new-generation anti-CD20 mAbs characterized by increased antibody- (obinutuzumab) or complement-dependent cyotoxicity (ofatumumab) as well as novel investigational agents targeting other lymphocyte antigens (e.g., CD19, CD22, CD30, CD40, CD52, CCR4), which are currently under investigation for B- and T-cell NHL treatment. In addition, antibody–drug conjugates (inotuzumab ozogamicin, brentuximab vedotin, polatuzumab vedotin), bispecific T-cell engagers (blinatumomab) and a new class of antibodies targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4, programmed death 1 or programmed death ligand 1 (immune checkpoint inhibitors) are specifically considered.
Expert opinion: Among the novel mAbs challenging rituximab, obinutuzumab seems to be in the most advanced phase, with the results of randomized trials awaited shortly. Brentuximab vedotin is increasing its role in T-cell NHL. Furthermore, immune checkpoint inhibitors have the potential to acquire a great relevance in NHL therapy. 相似文献
Areas covered: This article reviews the literature regarding HBV reactivation in the context of rituximab therapy. We have limited our review to HBsAg-negative patients, and clinical outcomes following HBV reactivation.
Expert opinion: We have recommended prophylactic anti-viral therapy for all HBsAg-negative/anti-HBc-positive patients undergoing rituximab therapy in combination with other immunosuppressive therapy. 相似文献