影响脂肪干细胞成脂分化的供体因素和实验因素研究进展

目的总结影响脂肪干细胞成脂分化的供体因素和实验因素，为脂肪干细胞成脂分化研究提供参考。方法广泛查阅近年来国内外有关影响脂肪干细胞成脂分化的供体因素和实验因素相关研究报道，并进行总结。结果影响脂肪干细胞成脂分化的供体因素和实验因素很多，其中有很多因素仍存在争议，如供体年龄、健康状态、脂肪组织取材部位等，有待进一步研究。结论需进一步深入研究影响脂肪干细胞成脂分化的供体因素和实验因素，明确存在争议的事项，为脂肪干细胞在脂肪组织工程中的应用奠定基础。     

严重烫伤大鼠骨骼肌20S蛋白酶含量及活性的变化

目的　研究 2 0S蛋白酶在烧伤后负氮平衡形成机制中的作用。方法　将提纯的 2 0S蛋白酶免疫兔 ,得效价为 1:3 2的抗血清。再以此多抗为工具 ,用免疫沉淀扣除法及免疫印迹法 ,以3 7%体表皮肤全层烫伤大鼠为模型 ,研究烫伤后大鼠骨骼肌中 2 0S蛋白酶活性和含量的变化。结果　烫伤后第 1,2 ,3天 ,伤肢和未伤肢酶活性比对照组显著增加。伤后 2 ,3天 ,伤肢和未伤肢酶含量比对照组显著增加。结论　严重烫伤后大鼠骨骼肌中 2 0S蛋白酶活性和含量的增加与烧伤后负氮平衡的形成密切相关 ,为防治烧伤后负氮平衡的形成提供一个新途径。     

急性脊髓损伤合并内毒素攻击时脊髓内源性锌脂蛋白A20表达

目的:研究急性脊髓损伤合并内毒素攻击时小鼠脊髓组织中锌脂蛋白A20的表达规律.方法:将健康昆明种小白鼠225只(雌雄不拘,体重18～24g)随机分为4组:正常对照组(N组,n=9),单纯尾静脉注射生理盐水0.1ml;脊髓损伤组(A组,n=72),按改良Allen's法制作T10-T11节段脊髓损伤模型;内毒素组(B组,n=72),不进行脊髓损伤只行尾静脉注射内毒素(5mg/kg)0.1ml;脊髓损伤合并内毒素注射组(C组,n=72),制作脊髓损伤模型后再行尾静脉注射内毒素(5mg/kg)0.1ml.A、B、C组分别于处理后0.5、1、2、4、8、12、24、48h,N组于处理后48h,取T10～T11节段脊髓组织.以HE染色观察脊髓损伤程度.以免疫组化(IHC)、逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)技术分别检测脊髓组织中A20蛋白及mRNA表达.结果:HE染色显示N组和B组各时相点脊髓组织无明显变化;A组打击后0.5h即出现染色质凝聚,染色变深,细胞核偏位、核固缩等现象,神经细胞肿胀,可见片状出血,炎性细胞浸润;至打击8h后可见到核仁消失、核碎裂、核溶解,鬼影细胞现象;C组较A组脊髓损伤更为明显,8h除可见核固缩、碎裂、溶解外,还可见到细胞自溶、空泡形成,并随损伤时间的延长而逐渐加重.IHC显示N组未见A20蛋白阳性表达,A、B组未见或仅有少量A20蛋白阳性表达,C组2h时少量表达,8h表达达高峰.RT-PCR示N组A20 mRNA呈微量表达;A组与N组比较表达升高,与B、C组比较表达高峰延迟,且在12～24h表达高于B、C组;B组在注射内毒素后0.5h,锌脂蛋白A20 mRNA较N组升高明显,1～2h为A20 mRNA表达的高峰期;C组锌脂蛋白A20 mRNA表达最明显,表达高峰在1～8h.结论:在脊髓损伤的早期就出现神经细胞变性死亡的进行性加重,同时伴有锌脂蛋白A20表达增高,合并内毒素注射时尤其明显,锌脂蛋白A20可能对于渊控脊髓损伤的炎症反应具有重要意义.     

Alternative splicing isoforms of hippostasin (PRSS20/KLK11) in prostate cancer cell lines

BACKGROUND: Hippostasin is a kallikrein-like protease (PRSS20/KLK11), which is expressed preferentially in the hippocampus and prostate. We have reported that alternative splicing variants of human hippostasin are regulated in a tissue-specific manner. Brain-type hippostasin consists of 250 amino acids including a typical signal sequence, and is expressed in the brain and prostate. The prostate-type hippostasin, which has 32 extra amino acids at the N-terminal end, is expressed only in the prostate. METHODS: We analyzed the expression and localization of hippostasin in normal prostate tissue, BPH tissue, and prostate cancer cell lines. We performed northern blotting, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and RT-PCR. RESULTS: Hippostasin mRNA is expressed preferentially in the normal prostate and weakly in the testis. It was detected in prostate secretory epithelium. Hippostasin protein was localized in the prostate secretory epithelium, and western blotting showed that hippostasin was present in semen. All tested prostate cancer cell lines, including PSA-negative cell lines, expressed hippostasin. Interestingly, all the prostate cancer cell lines expressed only brain-type but not prostate-type hippostasin, while normal prostate and BPH expressed both types of hippostasin CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest the possibility that hippostasin may be a useful marker by which prostate cancer and BPH can be distinguished.     

Successful rescue and maintenance of long-term remission of anti-HLA antibody-mediated acute allograft rejection by rituximab-containing therapy: case report

Abstract:  A 38-yr-old man with chronic renal failure received a second kidney transplantation from a cadaveric donor. Complement-dependent cytotoxicity cross-match (CDC) was negative against T cells, but positive with the B-cell warm test. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-typing showed a one haplo-identical match. The blood type was compatible. He was treated with tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), methylpredonisolone (MP), and basiliximab as immunosuppressive therapy. A clinical episode graft biopsy and Flow-PRA on post-operative day (POD) 19 showed anti-HLA antibody-mediated acute rejection (AHR). The patient was treated with plasmapheresis (PP). Renal biopsy performed on POD 65 because of re-rise of serum creatinine level showed worsening of renal injury. The patient was treated with rituximab (100 mg/body) with PP and MP pulse therapy, followed by tacrolimus and MMF. Graft function thereafter improved. A renal allograft biopsy specimen on POD 300 and Flow-PRA showed the remission of AHR within one-yr after transplantation.     

尿Cox-2蛋白与CK20 mRNA诊断膀胱移行细胞癌的临床价值

目的：评价尿环氧化酶-2（Cox-2）蛋白、CK20 mRNA诊断膀胱移行细胞癌的临床价值。方法：选择78例膀胱移行细胞癌和30例非膀胱肿瘤患者,同时行尿Cox-2蛋白、CK20 mRNA和尿脱落细胞学检查,比较各种方法的敏感性、特异性和Youden指数。结果：尿Cox-2蛋白、CK20 mRNA和尿脱落细胞学的敏感性分别为89.7％．66.7％．26.9％;特异性分别为93.3％、86.7％和100％;Youden指数分别为83.1％、53.4％和26.9％。尿Cox-2蛋白和CK20 mRNA的敏感性和Youden指数均高于尿脱落细胞学（P＜0．05）,同时尿Cox-2蛋自的敏感性和Youden指数高于CK20 mRNA（P＜0．05）。结论：尿Cox-2蛋白和CK20 mRNA检测的高敏感性、高特异性为膀胱癌提供了一个简单无创的检测方法,非常适合于复发率很高的膀胱癌的诊断与随访。     

Elisabeth Pauline Pickett (1918-): opening the door for women in urological oncology

PURPOSE: We outline the career of Elisabeth Pauline Pickett (1918-), the first board certified female urologist. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The historical literature including personal writings of Pickett and her mentors were reviewed. The factors which determine female medical student career choice as well as a summary of the current status of women in urology were also examined. RESULTS: The groundwork for women in the modern era of urology was forged by Mary E. Childs MacGregor, who also supported and encouraged fellowship training. Inspired by Doctor MacGregor's example, Elisabeth Pickett became the first female general surgeon to complete a fellowship in urological oncology in 1955 under Dr. Willet Whitmore at Memorial Sloan-Kettering, and to be board certified in urology in 1962. Despite the benchmark set by these early pioneers the American Board of Urology currently lists only 324 female board certified urologists, 86 female candidates and 20 board eligible individuals as of the year 2006. CONCLUSIONS: Although the number of female graduating medical students in modern times is equivalent to males, there still exists a large discrepancy in the number of women choosing urology and other surgical subspecialties as a career. Elisabeth Pickett demonstrated that it could be done at a time when few thought it possible. However, only a minority of women today continue to pursue fellowship training.     

维生素 E 对大鼠早期激素性股骨头缺血性坏死的作用及机制研究

目的探讨维生素 E 防治大鼠早期激素性股骨头缺血性坏死（steroid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head，SANFH）的可能性及作用机制。方法取雄性 SD 大鼠 72 只，随机分为对照组、模型组和干预组，每组 24 只。对照组大鼠不作处理；模型组及干预组采用脂多糖联合激素法制备 SANFH 模型，干预组在注射激素的同时每天肌肉注射维生素 E 40 mg/kg，连续 7 d。末次激素注射后 2、4、8 周取股骨头，HE 染色观察骨坏死发生情况，计算空骨陷窝率；TUNEL 染色观察细胞凋亡情况，计算细胞凋亡指数；免疫组织化学染色及 Western blot 检测观察胱天蛋白酶 9（Caspase-9）、Caspase-3、细胞色素-c（cytochrome-c，Cyt-c）蛋白表达情况。结果组织学观察示，干预组空骨陷窝率仅 8 周时与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），4、8 周时与模型组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；干预组细胞凋亡指数各时间点均低于模型组（P<0.05），8 周时与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。免疫组织化学染色及 Western blot 观察示，干预组各时间点 Cyt-c、Caspase-9、Caspase-3 蛋白表达显著低于模型组（P<0.05），8 周时与对照组相比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论维生素 E 可通过减轻线粒体依赖性骨细胞凋亡来延缓大鼠早期 SANFH 病程发展。     

延时皮肤牵拉器在皮肤软组织缺损治疗中的应用

目的总结延时皮肤牵拉器治疗皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果。方法2014 年 12 月—2016 年 12 月，采用延时皮肤牵拉器治疗皮肤软组织缺损 10 例。男 6 例，女 4 例；年龄 42～64 岁，平均 53 岁。急性创伤致皮肤软组织缺损 6 例，骨筋膜室综合征切开后切口无法闭合 3 例，巨大痈切开引流后皮肤软组织缺损 1 例。缺损部位：大腿 4 例，小腿 3 例，上臂 2 例，背部 1 例。缺损范围为 10 cm×4 cm～22 cm×12 cm。创缘行 Pinch 试验，确认创面均无法直接闭合。结果牵拉过程中，3 例出现张力性水疱；无创缘血运不畅、皮肤坏死等并发症发生。10 例患者创面经过 7～18 d 持续牵拉后明显缩小，均直接拉拢缝合；无植皮或游离皮瓣手术者。术后创口愈合良好。10 例患者均获随访，随访时间 5～8 个月，平均 6.5 个月。创缘周围均无坏死，瘢痕呈线性，感觉及功能不受影响。结论采用延时皮肤牵拉器治疗皮肤软组织缺损操作简便、手术风险低、并发症少，可获得较好疗效。     

乙型肝炎病毒感染者血清干扰素诱导基因20 kDa蛋白表达水平及其临床意义

目的观察乙型肝炎病毒感染者血清干扰素诱导基因20 kDa蛋白（ISG20）蛋白表达变化及其临床意义。 方法选取2017年3月至2018年6月汉中市中心医院收治的HBV感染所致慢性乙型肝炎患者（CHB组）67例、肝硬化患者（LC组）58例、肝癌患者（HCC组）54例和同期体检47例健康者（对照组）。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测各组研究对象血清ISG20蛋白水平。比较不同组患者血清ISG20水平差异。采用Spearman相关分析探讨血清ISG20水平与各组患者年龄、性别、红细胞计数、白细胞计数、血小板计数、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、总胆红素（TBil）、直接胆红素（DBil）、白蛋白、凝血酶原、甲胎蛋白（AFP）、HBV DNA的相关性。 结果对照组患者血清ISG20水平为9.4（0.82～25.72）ng/ml,显著低于CHB组[18.6（1.87～56.32）ng/ml,Z =－1.567、P = 0.034]和HCC组[28.2（3.09～81.42）ng/ml,Z = －1.854、P = 0.021]。HCC组患者血清ISG20水平显著高于CHB组（Z =－1.431、P = 0.041）和LC组[12.9（2.81～77.54）ng/ml,Z =－1.987、P = 0.029）。HCC组不同Child-Pugh分级患者血清ISG20水平差异有统计学意义（H = 6.976、P = 0.031）。HCC组患者血清ISG20水平与AST（r = 0.323、P < 0.001）、ALT（r = 0.248、P = 0.036）、TBil（r = 0.221、P = 0.031）、DBil（r = 0.215、P = 0.043）、AFP（r = 0.176、P = 0.044）呈正相关,与白蛋白呈负相关（r =－0.239、P = 0.019）。 结论HBV感染者,尤其是HBV感染所致HCC患者,血清ISG20水平升高。血清ISG20水平与HBV感染疾病进展和临床参数有一定的相关性。