一种测定人血触变特性的新方法

With the Low Shear 30 rheometer and its accessory instruments, four torque decay curves of whole human blood from a healthy young man were recorded at shear rate 1.285, 1.747, 2.37 and 3.23 s-1 respectively for pretesting. The modified Levenberg-Marquardt non-linear parameter estimating method was used to calculate the thixotropic parameters by following Huang's equation. The results showed that the thixotropic properties of whole human blood could be measured by recording two torque decay curves. This approach is much easier than Huang's method. We have adopted it to measure the thixotropic properties of whole blood from healthy young men (n = 32) and young women (n = 32). The results were comparable to those in Huang's reports of 1976. The coefficients of variations of most parameters in our measurement were less than those in Huang's reports. Meanwhile, we analysed the advantage in using the new method and made some suggestions to improve the measurement accuracy in human blood thixotropy.     

少肌性吞咽障碍的评估营养与康复治疗

少肌性吞咽障碍是指因全身骨骼肌减少和吞咽肌群质量和功能减退引起的吞咽功能紊乱,高发于有急性和慢性疾病老年人,严重影响临床结局和生活质量。本文旨在通过介绍少肌性吞咽障碍的定义、评估流程、主要的病因和病理生理机制,以及营养康复治疗的方法和措施,帮助临床医疗人员提高对少肌性吞咽障碍的认识,做好其预防、评估和康复治疗工作。     

Atorvastatin Attenuates TNF-alpha Production via Heme Oxygenase-1 Pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 Macrophages

Objective To assess the effect of atorvastatin on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced TNF-α production in RAW264.7 macrophages. Methods RAW264.7 macrophages were treated in different LPS concentrations or at different time points with or without atorvastatin. TNF-α level in supernatant was measured. Expressions of TNF-α mRNA and protein and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) were detected by ELISA, PCR, and Western blot, respectively. HO activity was assayed. Results LPS significantly increased the TNF-α expression and secretion in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The HO-1 activity and HO-1 expression level were significantly higher after atorvastatin treatment than before atorvastatin treatment and attenuated by SB203580 and PD98059 but not by SP600125, suggesting that the ERK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) pathways participate in regulating the above-mentioned effects of atorvastatin. Moreover, the HO-1 activity suppressed by SnPP or the HO-1 expression inhibited by siRNA significantly attenuated the effect of atorvastatin on TNF-α expression and production in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Conclusion Atorvastatin can attenuate LPS-induced TNF-α expression and production by activating HO-1 via the ERK and p38 MAPK pathways, suggesting that atorvastatin can be used in treatment of inflammatory diseases such as sepsis, especially in those with atherosclerotic diseases.     

Attenuation of tumor necrosis factor-a elevation and improved heart function by postconditioning for 60 seconds in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Background Postconditioning has been shown to reduce infarct size, ischemic/reperfusion injury and myocardial injury in patients with acute myocardial infarction （AMI） undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. This study tested the hypothesis that postconditioning attenuates the elevation of tumor necrosis factor-a （TNF-a） and improves heart function in patients with AMI after PCI. Methods A total of 75 patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups： the routine group （n=-26）, in which no intervention was given at the onset of reperfusion; and the Postcon-30s （n=25） or Postcon-60 s （n=24） groups, in which 3 cycles of 30- or 60-second balloon deflation and inflation were repetitively performed. TNF-a serum concentration was measured by ELISA. Global and regional left ventricular systolic function was determined by echocardiography at 1 year. Thirty-four normal controls （NC） were enrolled in the study. Results The TNF-a concentration in patients with AMI was significantly elevated at baseline compared to controls （P 〈0.01）. Concentration levels increased in the routine and Postcon-30s, but not in Postcon-60s group at 7 days （P 〈0.05）. As for linear associations among the three groups, left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） and wall motion score index （WMSI） were ranked as follows： Postcon-60s 〉Postcon-30s〉routine （P values all 〈0.05, 65% vs. 57% vs. 52% and 1.10 vs. 1.27 vs. 1.53） after 1 year. More importantly, there was a significant relevance between the soluble TNF-a serum concentration at 7 days and LVEF or WMSI after 1 year （Pvalues all 〈0.0001）. Conclusions Postconditioning, in particular Postcon-60s was associated with long-term cardioprotective effects for inhibition of the inflammatory response and reperfusion injury. The soluble TNF-a serum concentration provided powerful prognostic information of global and regional left ventricular systolic function in patients with AMI.     

热裂解法与衰减全反射法用于红外光谱鉴别橡胶时的比较简

目的探讨橡胶的红外光谱鉴别方法。方法用AVATAR370型FT—IR傅里叶红外分光光度计采集热裂解法和衰减全反射法（ATR法）所得橡胶样品的红外光谱图。结果ATR法所得图谱的特征吸收峰个数少,热裂解法所得图谱的特征吸收峰个数与国家标准更为一致。结论采用热裂解法所得红外光谱鉴别橡胶的准确度更高。     

指数衰减透析液钠浓度对维持性血液透析患者血液透析相关性高血压的影响

目的：观察指数衰减透析液钠浓度对维持性血液透析（MHD）患者血液透析相关性高血压的影响。方法：反复发生血液透析相关性高血压的MHD患者21例,给予恒定透析液钠浓度和指数衰减透析液钠浓度血液透析各10次,观察比较血压、血钠浓度、头痛、恶心等。结果：与恒定透析液钠浓度组比较,指数衰减透析液钠浓度透析时MHD患者血液透析相关性高血压发生例次明显减少（P〈0.01）,透析中及透析后头痛、烦躁不安等症状明显减少（P〈0.01）。结论：指数衰减透析液钠浓度透析可有效减少血液透析相关性高血压的发生。     

甲状腺功能亢进症患者的骨密度变化临床分析85例

目的:观察甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)患者骨密度的改变情况。方法:收治甲亢患者84例作为观察组,用超声定量法测定右足跟骨超声传导速度和超声振幅衰减,同期相同数量的健康人作为对照组,记录、观察两组骨量改变及骨质疏松的发生率。结果:甲亢组超声传导速度和超声振幅衰减均显著减低,甲亢组骨质疏松发生率明显增高,与对照组相比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:甲亢患者骨密度降低,骨质疏松发生率高,引起临床医生重视。     

老年人肌肉衰减 应当补充蛋白质

随着年龄的增长,人体出现不同程度的老化,心脑血管等慢性病发病率增加,营养不良的问题也不容忽视。近年来,老年性肌肉衰减症引起了医学营养界的关注。     

双能光谱CT定量分析对肺腺癌化疗后疗效的评估价值

目的 研究肺腺癌患者化疗前后动静脉期能谱曲线斜率K值、标准化碘基值的变化,探讨能谱CT定量分析对肺腺癌患者化疗后疗效的评估价值.方法 选择2019年10月至2020年10月南通大学附属东台医院收治的34例经病理确诊后临床需要化疗的肺腺癌患者34例,分别于化疗前、化疗后两个周期应用GE Revolution CT机进行C...     

磁共振体素内不相干运动对于肿块样乳腺良恶性病变的诊断价值

目的通过与常规磁共振动态增强扫描(DCE-MRI)比较,探讨体素内不相干运动(IVIM)是否能进一步提高肿块样乳腺良恶性病变的诊断能力。方法 24例良性乳腺病变(22例女性)和31例恶性乳腺病变(27例女性)均进行DCE-MRI和IVIM检查。在常规DCE-MRI中计算初始强化率(IER)和时间-信号强度曲线(TIC)。在IVIM中计算组织弥散系数(D)。结果恶性病变IER的平均值均高于良性病变(P<0.001),但D平均值均低于良性病变(P<0.001)。恶性病变中Ⅲ型TIC更为常见而Ⅰ型TIC更为少见。在鉴别诊断肿块样乳腺良恶性病变方面,D的曲线下面积(AUC)(0.98)、敏感性(93.55%)、特异性(100.00%)和诊断准确率(96.36%)最高。D和TIC联合使用的AUC高达0.99。结论在肿块样乳腺良恶性病变的鉴别诊断方面,IVIM较常规DCE-MRI更具优势。而IVIM和DCE-MRI结合使用将进一步提高肿块样乳腺良恶性病变诊断准确性。