MRI对胸背痛病因的诊断价值(附5例报告)

磁共振(MRI)检查已广泛用于脑和脊髓病变的诊断[1]。神经内科医生接诊胸、背痛患者后,首先要明确相应节段的脊神经根是否受压,相应节段的椎管是否存在病变。因而要进行相应节段脊髓MRI检查。笔者曾为5例胸背痛患者进行相应节段脊髓MRI检查,发现了脊髓及脊柱周围病变,现报道如下。1临床资料例1男,56岁。因上背痛伴双下肢力弱一个月就诊。查体发现胸4以下感觉减退,胸4左侧椎旁关节压痛,双侧病理征阳性。颈胸段脊髓MRI平扫显示胸3~5节段脊髓呈长T1长T2改变,增强扫描见病变显著强化,临床考虑脱髓鞘可能性大。经激素治疗1个月后,患者上背痛…     

头颈部良性神经源性肿瘤1H MRS的表现特点

目的：探讨头颈部良性神经源性肿瘤在单体素^1H MRS上的表现特点。材料和方法：共收集经单体素。HMRS检查，并经手术病理证实的头颈部神经源性肿瘤14例（神经鞘瘤11例，神经纤维瘤2例，颈动脉体瘤1例）。采用点分析波谱法（PRESS：TE=144ms，14例）和激励回波法（STEAM：TE=30ms，11例）进行。HMRS空间定位，以胆碱和脂质代谢物为标准评价所有肿瘤。波谱图上，胆碱和脂质分别在3．2ppm和0．9—1．4ppm区域识别。结果：采用PRESS后，14例神经源性肿瘤中检测出胆碱代谢物者11例，检出脂质代谢物者6例。胆碱和脂质代谢物同时检出者5例，仅检出胆碱者6例，仅检出脂质者1例，胆碱和脂质均未检出者2例。采用STEAM后，11例肿瘤中检出胆碱代谢物和脂质者分别为3例和8例。结论：头颈部良性神经源性肿瘤的单体素。HMRS表现具有多样性，多数肿瘤以长TEPRESS上胆碱峰的显示为特点，长TEPRESS能较STEAM更好地检出良性神经源性肿瘤内的胆碱代谢物。     

口腔诊断学

埋伏阻生牙不同平片诊断方案的探讨，26例颌面部神经鞘瘤误诊原因分析，头影测量分析与图像数据库系统功能分析与应用，颞下颌关节上腔囊内粘连的磁共振造影诊断，眼眶骨折138例CT影像分析，重视和正确应用临床诊断试验的评价指标，磁共振断层血管成像对三叉神经痛病因诊断的价值     

乳腺良恶性病变的磁共振T2*W首过灌注成像与血管生成相关性研究

Objective： To study the diagnostic value of T2^＊-weighted first-pass perfusion imaging in breast tumors. Methods： We analyzed the magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） information along with the pathological and immunohistochemistry results. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 28 patients with breast tumor. The time to signal intensity curves were generated according to the T2^＊-weighted first-pass perfusion imaging. The curve＇s maximal signal intensity drop rate and maximal signal intensity decrease time were analyzed and compared with the pathological diagnoses after surgery. Results： Malignant breast lesions showed higher maximal signal intensity drop rate （44.69% ± 17.07 vs. 17.22% ±7.49, P 〈 0.001） than benign lesions, but there was no significant difference of maximal signal decrease time between those two lesions （23.94 s ± 4.92 vs. 20.02 s ± 6.83, P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion： The T2^＊-weighted first-pass perfusion imaging has enough sensitivity and specificity in breast tumor diagnosis.     

外伤性高位截瘫41例影像检查诊断价值

目的：探讨X线、CT、MRI等检查手段在外伤性高位截瘫诊断中的价值。方法：4l例外伤性高位截瘫的临床及影像资料作回顾性分析，脊椎损伤采用Denis系统分型；脊髓损伤采用ASIA损伤分级评价其神经功能；以MRI颈髓损伤及临床表现为参照探讨影像检查方法间的相互关系。结果：颈椎损伤：过屈型7列、过伸型12例、轴向负荷型22例；脊髓的压迫程度：Ⅰ型5例、Ⅱ型27例、Ⅲ型9例；椎体骨折34处，附件骨折23处，脱位11处。结论：X线、CT、MRI等检查手段在高位截瘫诊断中相互补充，是颈部分外伤患者不可缺少的检查手段，应当作为常规检查。     

磁共振成像对子宫腺肌症诊断及鉴别诊断价值研究

子宫腺肌症(adenomyosis)是异位的子宫内膜侵入肌层而产生的,发病率为25%~40%,近年来有明显上升趋势[1],是妇科的常见病之一。由于子宫腺肌症的临床症状、体征、实验室理化指标均没有特异性,临床上与子宫肌瘤很难鉴别,且有21%~40%的病例与子宫肌瘤并发,给临床诊断带来一定困难[     

屈颈MRI对青年性上肢远端肌萎缩症的诊断价值

目的评价屈颈MRI对青年性上肢远端肌萎缩症的诊断价值。方法男性患者5例，平均年龄21岁，临床表现为一侧或两侧上肢远端肌萎缩。对照组为健康志愿者，21岁男性8例。2组均行常规及屈颈颈椎MR平扫，矢状、轴面SET1WI、T2WI、液体衰减反转恢复（FLAIR）序列扫描。结果常规颈椎扫描：5例患者下段颈髓变细；屈颈位MR扫描：下颈段颈6以下脊髓前屈、变扁平，矢状径4～6mm，硬膜囊后壁前移，硬膜后间隙明显增宽，可见多发条状、迂曲流空信号影及软组织信号。对照组：常规扫描，下颈段脊髓（颈6～胸2）可见颈膨大，屈颈位脊髓略变细（6～7mm），硬膜囊后壁无前移，硬膜后间隙未见扩张血管影。结论屈颈MRI有助于显示下颈段脊髓及硬膜囊改变，结合临床资料可准确诊断青年性上肢远端肌萎缩症。     

低场磁共振三维增强血管造影应用初探

三维增强磁共振血管造影(3D CEMRA)是继时飞法和相位法2D磁共振血管成像后新近开发的MRA技术,中高场磁共振CEMRA技术应用较成熟,而在低场磁共振的应用报道较少。我院自2005年1月至2006年5月对28例颈、体部血管行CEMRA检查,对主动脉、下腔静脉、门静脉及其分支成像进行了探讨。现报告如下。1材料与方法1·1本组28例,男19例,女9例,年龄27~68岁,平均47岁。检查血管包括胸主动脉、腹主动脉、头臂动脉、下腔静脉、门静脉。1·2仪器及扫描参数采用0·35T永磁MRI扫描机(GE公司生产的Signa Ovation)。扫描序列为三维快速扰相梯度回波(SP…     

^1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy screening for animals with acute cerebral infraction suitable forthrombolytic therapy

BACKGROUND: As a non-invasive technique which can provide comprehensive biological information, 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) may provide valuable reference data for irreversible recovery or reversible changes in ischemic tissue after stroke. OBJECTIVE: To monitor and evaluate the effect of the urokinase thrombolytic therapy after experimental acute cerebral ischemia by 1H-MRS technology and investigate its adaptability. DESIGN: Randomly controlled animal study. SETTINGS: Shenzhen Hospital of Peking University and National Key Laboratory of Pattern and Atom & Molecular Physics, Wuhan Physics and Mathematics Institute, Chinese Academy of Science. MATERIALS: Eleven healthy adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, weighing 260–300 g and of both genders, were supplied by Experimental Animal Center of Tongji Medical Collage, Huazhong University of Science and Technology [SCXK (e) 2004-007]. 4.7T superconducting nuclear magnetic resonance meter was provided by Brucker Company. METHODS: The experiment was carried out in Shenzhen Hospital of Peking University and National Key Laboratory of Pattern and Atom & Molecular Physics, Wuhan Physics and Mathematics Institute, Chinese Academy of Science from August 2003 to December 2005. ① The rats were randomly divided into 30-minute self-thrombo-embolism group (n =6) and 60-minute self-thrombo-embolism group (n =5). Six rats in 30-minute self-thrombo-embolism group were occluded with clot embolus for 30 minutes and 5 rats in 60-minute self-thrombo-embolism group were occluded for 60 minutes. 10 000 U/kg urokinase was dissolved in 2 mL saline and the operation lasted for 5 minutes. ② 1H-MRS was performed before thrombolysis and at 3 hours and 24 hours after successful embolization. The metabolic changes of N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid (NAA)/phosphocreatine (PCr) + creatine (Cr), choline phosphate (Cho)/PCr+Cr and lactic acid (Lac)/PCr+Cr in the region of interests were analyzed. ③ The T2W image was conducted 24 hours after the thrombolytic therapy with TR=500 ms and TE=25 ms. ④ The subjects were sacrificed immediately after 1H-MRS and the brain tissues were cut into pieces and stained with HE method; in addition, pathological changes were observed under optic microscope. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Metabolic changes of NAA/PCr+Cr, Cho/PCr+Cr and Lac/PCr+Cr in the region of interests; ② T2W image at 24 hours after the thrombolysis; ③ pathological observation of brain tissue. RESULTS: Eleven rats were all involved in the final analysis. ① Metabolic changes in the region of interests : In 30-minute self-thrombo-embolism group, the Lac peak emerged immediately after the embolism, but the ischemic zone decreased 3 hours after the thrombolytic therapy (0.252±0.01, 0.603±0.01, P < 0.01). Lac/(PCr+Cr) ratio was 0.290±0.01 at 24 hours after thrombolysis, which was higher than that at 3 hours after thrombolysis (P < 0.01). The NAA/ (PCr+Cr) ratio decreased significantly at 3 hours after the thrombolysis as compared with that before thrombolysis (0.922±0.16, 1.196±0.01, P < 0.05). In 60-minute self-thrombo-embolism group, the Lac/(PCr+Cr) ratio was higher at 3 hours after thrombolysis than that before thrombolysis (0.846±0.12, 0.601±0.11, P < 0.05) and the NAA/(PCr+Cr) decreased at 3 hours after the embolism. Fluctuation of NAA/ (PCr+Cr) ranged from 0.68 to 0.75 before thrombolysis and from 0.71 to 0.75 at 3 hours after thrombolysis. ② T2W image: T2W image showed that 2 subjects in 30-minute self-thrombo-embolism group whose Lac/NAA was higher than 0.7 suffered from intracranial hemorrhage. This meant that the subjects with Lac/NAA > 0.7 were more likely to suffer from intracranial hemorrhage. ③ Histological and morphological examinations: Optic microscope demonstrated that interspace surrounding nerve cells was widened at ischemic center; neurons were swelling; nucleus was stained lightly; pyknosis and mesenchymal edema were mainly observed in lateral cortex of brow and vertex and in lateral part of corpus striatum. CONCLUSION: ①Compound parameters in ischemic area before thrombolysis should be regarded as an important predicting marker for thrombolytic therapy, effect evaluation and termination. ② 1H-MRS combining with other imaging technique is a detecting way for screening cases who are suitable for thrombolytic therapy.