增补叶酸防畸胎

胎儿畸形种类很多,而神经管畸形最为常见。神经管畸形包括无脑儿和脊柱裂。无脑儿由于胎头缺少头盖骨,脑实质极少,脑髓暴露,脑部发育极为原始,故在出生前或出生后很短时间内就会死亡。而脊柱裂患儿即使存活下来,也是终身残疾,这对社会和家庭来说都是沉重的负担。神经管畸形是我国死     

Embryonic Hypertension Following Exposure to Teratogenic Doses of 5—Fluoro—2‘—Deoxyuridine

The teratogenicity of 5-fluoro-2‘-deoxyuridine(FdU)is well established.Previously,we have demonstrated that teratogenic doses of FdU produce hematomas and suggested that those hematomas produced skeletal malformations in chicken embryos.In this study,the cardiovascular effects of teratogenic doses of FdU in chicken embryos were studied.A dose of either 0.026μg FdU or 0.030μg FdU was injected into the yolk sacs of fertile chicken eggs containing embryos at Hamburger and Hamilton stages 17-19 of development.The embryos were then returned to the incubator.Aortic systolic and distolic blood pressure,blood velocity and heart rate were measured at stages ,21,24 or 27 using a servonull system and Doppler ultrasound.In addition,mean arterial blood pressure,blood flow,and stroke volume were calculated from these data.Similar data were also recorded from uninjected and saline injected control embryos.Systolic and mean arterial blood pressures were significantly increased in FdU-treated embryos at stage27.The other parameters measured or calculated were not significantly different from control embryos.Our study suggests that elevated systolic blood pressure in chicken embryos treated with FdU may lead to hematoma formation and subsequent birth defects.     

高频电场对孕鼠致畸的实验观察

为进一步探讨高频电场对妊娠及致畸的影响机理，将６０只小白鼠分为实验组及对照组，对实验组进行高频电场小剂量、短时间的辐射观察。结果表明，实验组与对照组的妊娠率及畸形均无显著差异。实验组受孕率３０％，对照组２６％；致畸率实验组０，对照组０；死胎率实验组１只，占０．３％；流产实验组０，对照组０。     

用多聚酶链反应诊断早产、死胎及先天畸形儿巨细胞病毒感染

采用多聚酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术检测７２例早产、死胎及先天性畸形儿尸解石蜡包埋标本中的巨细胞病毒ＤＮＡ，阳性率６．９４％；５例阳性者中，双胎宫内死亡２例，先天性畸形２例，脑积水１例。结果提示异常妊娠和先天畸形的发生与巨细胞病毒感染有关。文中讨论了多聚酶链反应诊断巨细胞病毒感染的价值。     

中枢神经系统出生缺陷的流行病学调查

湖南省城乡、工矿34所医院1年中妊娠≥28周分娩的新生儿36559例,检出畸形421例,其中中枢神经系统出生缺陷64例,发生率为1.75‰,占畸形儿的15.20％,其中以脑积水居多,其次是无脑儿。女性多于男性。以Logistic回归方法进行发生的危险因素分析,主要有化学物质、孕早期发热及服中草药或坠胎药等7个因素。对中枢神经系统出生缺陷的发生率、预防等进行了讨论。     

对68例终止畸胎妊娠孕妇的心理观察与分析

目的 探讨终止畸胎妊娠孕妇的心理变化.方法 对2003年1月～2006年1月在本院住院作终止畸胎妊娠的孕妇68例,作心理观察和分析.结果 孕妇心理变化中以担心受到亲戚、朋友、同事的讥笑、议论为最明显,占83.8%,其次为心情很矛盾,舍不得放弃胎儿,占61.8%.结论 终止畸胎妊娠孕妇心理变化大,情绪激动,做好对孕妇的心理护理,以帮助孕妇渡过生理、心理不适期,是一个观察要点.     

儿童幕下非典型畸胎样/横纹肌样瘤与髓母细胞瘤的MRI对比研究

目的探讨联合应用磁共振成像(MRI)及磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)的表观扩散系数(ADC)值在幕下非典型畸胎样/横纹肌样瘤(AT/RT)与髓母细胞瘤的鉴别诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的71例髓母细胞瘤及21例幕下AT/RT患者,本组中所有患者均在术前行MRI、DWI检查,比较分析这两种肿瘤实质的平均ADC值(ADC_(mean))、最小ADC值(ADC_(min))、rADC。结果在71例髓母细胞瘤及21例幕下AT/RT中,常规MRI征象包括T_1WI、T_2WI、瘤周水肿、出血改变、播散的差异无统计学意义(P均0.05),强化方式、囊变的差异具有统计学意义(P均0.05),且AT/RT具有较特征性的环带状强化、偏心性大囊变。AT/RT的ADC_(mean)、ADC_(min)、rADC均低于髓母细胞瘤(P均0.05);经受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析发现ADC_(min)鉴别AT/RT与髓母细胞瘤的曲线下面积(0.929)大于ADC_(mean)(0.820)或rADC的曲线下面积(0.916);ADC_(mean)以0.613×10~(-3) mm~2/s为阈值时,诊断两种肿瘤的敏感度和特异度分别达78.9%、81.0%;ADC_(min)以0.507×10~(-3)mm~2/s为阈值时,诊断两种肿瘤的敏感度和特异度分别达81.7%、90.5%;rADC以0.790为阈值时,诊断两种肿瘤的敏感度和特异度分别达90.1%、85.7%。结论联合分析常规MRI特征和DWI参数(ADC_(mean)、ADC_(min)、rADC)是鉴别诊断幕下AT/RT与髓母细胞瘤较可靠的检查方法 ,且肿瘤实质区rADC、ADC_(min)具有较高的敏感度及特异度,可为临床治疗方案的制定及评估预后提供帮助。