衰老大鼠海马结构内生长抑素样神经元的变化——免疫金银染色法及图像定量分析研究

本研究结合免疫金银染色法和图像定量分析,观察了幼年(2个月)、中年(10个月)和老年(24个月)Wistar 雄性大鼠海马结构内生长抑素(SOM)样神经元的衰老变化,结果如下:1.海马内的 SOM 样神经元从中年即开始锐减(P<0.05),而齿状回和下托内的阳性神经元到老年才开始呈显著性减少(P<0.05)。2.中年组 SOM 样神经元的胞体面积显著增大(P<0.01);而老年时的胞体有轻度萎缩现象,且轮廓不规整,突起伸长增粗,但边缘粗糙,似有皱折。3.SOM样神经元的灰度值随增龄而升高.提示神经元的 SOM 含量和活性在衰老进程中是逐渐降低的。     

海马结构CA＿3亚区传入联系的WGA－HRP法与颞叶癫痫的相关研究

报告采用定向微量注射法对５１只大鼠的海马ＣＡ＿３区注入微量ＷＧＡ－ＨＲＰ，利用组化方法显示向其传入的结构，结合颞叶癫痫探讨其外科治疗价值。     

海马内脑啡肽原mRNA长期高表达可能与癫痫易感性长期存在有关

目的 :观察海马内脑啡肽原mRNA长期高表达与癫痫易感性的关系。方法 :用红藻氨酸癫痫模型制备癫痫发作动物 ,然后将其随机平均分为两组 ,每天分别给予生理盐水和中药蜈蚣粗提液 ( 16mg/kg)灌胃。 10d后再次给予同样剂量的KA检测癫痫发作易感性。结果 :KA后给予蜈蚣粗提液可明显抑制动物癫痫发作易感性。原位杂交结果显示 ,给予蜈蚣粗提液可防止KA后海马齿状回颗粒细胞中脑啡肽原mRNA的高表达。结论 :海马齿状回颗粒细胞中脑啡肽原基因的高表达很可能是癫痫发作易感性长期存在的重要原因之一。     

海马与衰老

在脑的衰老进程中，海马是一关键部位，也是最易受衰老影响的脑区之一。本文就海马的增龄变化与海马结构、功能以及老年学习记忆能力下降的关系进行了综述。概述了衰老时海马细胞的超微结构、组织化学、免疫组织化学等形态学改变，以及衰老的分子生物学研究的最新成果。此外，对正常老化和老年性痴呆患者海马的病理学改变也一并加以综述。     

新生大鼠缺氧缺血损伤后行为变化和海马结构突触素的表达

目的 探讨缺氧缺血性脑损伤(HIBD)后学习记忆行为功能与突触可塑性之间的关系。方法 7日龄Wistar大鼠36只随机分为缺氧缺血(HI)组21只和正常对照组15只。HI组大鼠通过结扎左侧颈总动脉后吸入8％的氮氧混合气体2h,制成缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)模型。饲养至80d左右时,采用Y-迷宫实验检测分辨学习和记忆能力,免疫组织化学方法对海马结构突触素的表达进行分析。结果 HI组大鼠分辨学习能力和记忆保持百分数分别为33±8和(59±21)％,显著低于正常对照组27±7和(80±19)％(P<0.01,P<0.05);海马、齿状回突触素免疫染色出现明显的免疫板层分布,HIE组海马CAI区始层、辐射层、腔隙分子层及齿状回分子层突触素免疫产物校正光密度(COD)值均较对照组明显降低(P<0.01),分别降至41.2％,27.2％,10.5％和38.9％。结论 HIBD后大鼠学习和记忆能力明显下降,可能与海马结构突触素减少有密切关系。     

听源性惊厥易感大鼠点燃后海马结构内的突触素表达

为探讨听源性惊厥点燃对突触可塑性的影响，采用免疫细胞化学方法结合体视学分析，研究了Ｗｉｓｔａｒ种系的听源性惊厥易感大鼠（Ｐ７７ＰＭＣ）惊厥和点燃后海马结构内突触素ｐ３８表达的差异。结果显示：（１）Ｐ７７ＰＭＣ大鼠１次惊厥后，海马结构内ｐ３８免疫反应产物呈明显的板层样分布；（２）Ｐ７７ＰＭＣ大鼠点燃后，ｐ３８免疫反应产物的定位分布与１次惊厥后相比较，没有明显改变，但是，ｐ３８免疫反应产物的密度普遍增     

戊四氮致癫痫大鼠脑组织形态结构及热休克蛋白70表达的初步研究

目的：探讨癫痫的不同发作级别所造成的神经元损伤及热休克蛋白70（HSP70）的表达情况及其意义。方法：采用戊四氮致癫痫模型,随机分为生理盐水对照组和模型组,模型组按癫痫发作级别又分为Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ级组。采用常规病理学染色观察各组海马区神经元的受损情况;免疫组织化学方法观察不同级别癫痫发作海马内HSP70表达的变化。结果：Ⅲ、Ⅴ级组与对照组和Ⅰ级组相比,海马结构内存在受损异常神经元,Ⅴ级组更明显（P〈0．05）。同时Ⅲ级组、Ⅴ级组海马各区的HSP70阳性细胞数亦逐渐增多（P〈0．05）。结论：戊四氮致癫痫模型中,随着发作级别的增加,海马结构内神经元损伤逐渐加重,HSP70的表达亦逐渐增加,提示海马结构HSP70的表达与癫痫发作严重程度有关。     

薄层脑横断面上的杏仁体及相关结构

目的观察杏仁体、侧脑室和海马结构在脑的薄层横断面上的表现及变化,为影像学提供解剖学依据。方法采用薄层冰冻铣切技术做颅脑标本的横切面,并用数码相机逐层照相。结果从杏仁体出现到消失,共获得72张高清晰数码照片。结论薄层冰冻铣切技术和820万相素数码照片能清晰显示杏仁体、侧脑室和海马结构的位置关系及形态变化。     

银杏叶提取物对癫癎大鼠海马结构胶质原纤维酸性蛋白免疫反应的影响

目的研究银杏叶提取物(GBE)对癫癎的干预作用及其对癫癎大鼠海马结构胶质原纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)免疫反应 的影响。方法采用锂-匹罗卡品癫癎(LPS)大鼠模型。观察动物行为改变,应用免疫组化方法观察海马结构GFAP免疫反应活性 的变化。结果GBE对该模型癫癎发作的预防有效率和治疗有效率分别为94．44％和35．48％。GBE预处理组和GBE急性给药组 各时间点海马结构各亚区GFAP免疫反应阳性细胞数明显减少;GFAP-IR阳性细胞胞浆平均光密度明显增高。结论GBE预处理和 急性给药两种给药模式均有一定的抗LPS作用,前者明显优于后者。GBE抗LPS作用的机制可能与GBE能降低其星形胶质细胞反 应性有关。     

磁共振波谱分析轻度认知功能损害患者海马区的变化

BACKGROUND: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents early status of Alzheimer’s disease. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has been used in early diagnosis and identification as well as monitoring of Alzheimer’s disease. However, little data is available concerning relationship between cognitive impairment and changes of biochemical metabolites. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between cognitive impairment and changes of biochemical metabolites as well as volumes of hippocampal formation (HPF) in MCI patients, accordingly to evaluate the roles of MRS in the diagnosis and the state monitoring of MCI. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Case-contrast observation. The study was performed at the Outpatient Department and ward of Department of Neurology, Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College between September 2006 and December 2008. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 20 MCI patients were selected and 20 elderly with normal cognition, matched in gender, age and education, were selected. METHODS: Before volumes of the left HPF were measured by MRS, mini-mentalstate examination (MMSE), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), activities of daily living (ADL), clinical dementia rating (CDR) and Wechsler memory scale (WMS) were used to examine each participant. In addition, the N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr), choline (Cho)/Cr, myo-inositol (mI)/Cr of HPF were obtained. Moreover, the correlations between the NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, mI/Cr and the volume of HPF in MCI group were analyzed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Volume of HPF, NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, and mI/Cr. RESULTS: Compared with control group, reduced NAA/Cr (P < 0.01), increased mI/Cr (P < 0.01) and reduced volume of HPF (P < 0.05) were found in the MCI subjects. No significant difference was observed in the Cho/Cr between two groups (P > 0.05). In the MCI group, the NAA/Cr remarkably correlated with MoCA, memory quotient, and volumes of left HPF (P < 0.01); Cho/Cr significantly correlated with memory quotient (P < 0.05); mI/Cr has remarkably negative correlation with MoCA and volumes of left HPF (P < 0.01), but positive correlation with memory quotient (P < 0.01). The volumes of left HPF also remarkably correlated with MoCA and memory quotient (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: An increased mI/Cr ratio, a decreased left HPF volumes and NAA/Cr ratio were observed in the MCI patients. Significant correlations between biochemical metabolites of HPF, HPF volumes and MoCA as well as memory quotient were observed. MRS plays an important role in the diagnosis and state monitoring of MCI.