房颤的抗凝治疗

心房颤动(atrial fibrillation,Af)随着人口老龄化变得越来越常见。有人研究认为50-59岁房颤发病率为1．5％,而80—90岁则高达23．5％。房颤被认为是血栓性疾病的独立危险因素,尤其脑栓塞是房颤致死致残的最主要原因之一。北大人民医院胡大一等研究提示,房颤病人缺血性脑卒中发生率平均每年5％,占脑栓塞的10％～15％;患有非瓣膜病性房颤的病人,发生脑卒中的危险是没有房颤的 5—7倍,当心脏有瓣膜病时(如风湿性心脏病)发生比例更高。据国外5个大规模临床试验(房颤 ASAK,SPAE,BAATAE,C房颤A,SPWAT)的综合分析报道,合理的抗凝治疗可使非瓣膜病性房颤病人发生脑卒中的危险降低约68％,而瓣膜病性房颤患者降低得更多。     

钝性创伤致肠系膜上动脉分支假性动脉瘤一例

1病历资料患者女,46岁,2个月前因交通伤致腹部受伤,于当地医院腹腔穿刺抽出不凝血,行保守治疗后出现腹胀、腹痛、左下腹渐增性肿块。体检:贫血貌,左下腹可见一20cm×15cm包块,边界不清,有触痛,无搏动及血管杂音,肠鸣音弱。辅助检查:血红蛋白56g/L,红细胞2.3×1012/L。B超见左下腹有一不规则囊实性肿块,内部回声不均。彩色多普勒超声提示瘤腔内呈涡流的彩色血流信号,破口约0.8cm。CT提示左下腹包块,强化期包块内含造影剂血溢出,向下蔓延形成洋葱层样外观。CT血管成像(CTA)提示肠系膜上动脉分支假性动脉瘤。治疗时先采用介入方法,经股动脉…     

爱全乐雾化液雾化吸入治疗分泌性中耳炎的临床疗效观察

分泌性中耳炎（secretory otitis media，SOM）是以中耳积液（包括浆液、黏液或浆黏液）及听力下降为主要特征的中耳炎性疾病。我科自2001年1月～2005年10月采用吸入用异丙托溴铵溶液（爱全乐）雾化吸入法辅助治疗分泌性中耳炎，取得较好的疗效，现报告如下。     

在静默中享受爱的缠绵

性爱之后的续曲是什么？用5分钟的时间，在属于两个人的氛围中，用静默的眼神接触让他心扉敞开。[编者按]     

Pediatric intracranial aneurysms——clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies

Objective To assess the radiological characteristics and therapeutic strategies of intracranial aneurysms in children. Methods From our dedicated neurovascular databank of patients, we reviewed 23 consecutive children who had 24 intracranial aneurysms. There were 14 boys and 9 girls with a mean age of 9.09 years ( range 1 - 14 years ). Results Intracranial aneurysms in children ≤ 14 years constituted 1.3% of all intracranial aneurysms. Internal Carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were the most frequent sites for aneurysms. About 58.3% of the aneurysms were complex, including dissecting, pseudoaneurysm, giant and fusiform aneurysm. 1/3 of all aneurysms were located in posterior circulation. Only 1 case had multiple aneurysms in this case series. Almost half of all cases presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and others presented with mass effect. 14 cases underwent endovascular treatment. 4 patients received microsurgical therapy. 5 cases did not receive microsurgical or endovascular therapy, 2 of them whose aneurysms spontaneously thrombosed during follow up. One boy with left vertebral artery giant aneurysm died after endovascular therapy owing to gradual thrombosis in basilar artery. Another child had poor outcome because of rerupture of aneurysm before operation. Whereas the majority had a favorable outcome. Conclusions Intracranial aneurysms in children had many clinical and radiological characteristics different from those in adults : ( 1 ) remarkable male predominance; ( 2 ) ICA and MCA were the most common sites for aneurysms; (3) high incidence of large, traumatic, infectious, dissecting and fusiform aneurysms. (4)For pediatric intracranial aneurysms, both microsurgical approaches and endovascular treatment were effective. Endovaacular therapy was the best choice for complex aneurysms.     

急性淋巴细胞性白血病患儿的护理

目的让护士增加急性淋巴细胞性白血病的知识，能敏锐观察到患儿的病情变化环节，及时救治，安全护理，预防差错，减轻患儿的痛苦，促进患儿的健康。方法描述患儿的病临床症状、体征，介绍一般护理与特殊治疗过程的护理，用一些关键性化验指标提示、提醒护理人员要注意观察患儿的病情变化及预防措施，强调个人卫生及心理护理和亲属的陪护，注意营养及无菌概念，预防院内感染。结果患儿在住院期间身心快乐，得到优质护理，减轻痛苦，减少并发症，缩短治疗时间，有效地配合医生治疗，促使疾病好转。结论护士通过有计划，系统地配合医生治疗，提供优质护理，保证了医疗护理的安全，促进了患儿早日康复，促进了医疗卫生事业的健康、有序的发展，维护了社会的稳定。     

不良反应（adverse reaction）与副反应（side reaction）、毒性反应（toxicreaction）

不良反应（adverse reaction）：凡不符合用药目的并为病人带来不适或痛苦的反应统称为药物不良反应。多数不良反应是药物固有效应的延伸，在一般情况下是可以以预知的，但不一定是可以避免的。少数较严重的不良反应是较难恢复的，称为药源性疾病（drug induced disease），例如庆大霉素引起的神经性耳聋，肼屈嗪引起的红斑性狼疮等。包括副反应、毒性反应、后遗效应、停药反应、变态反应及特异质反应。     

大剂量纳洛酮治疗肝性脑病疗效观察

目的 观察大剂量纳洛酮对肝性脑病的疗效及安全性.方法 将68例肝性脑病患者进行随机分组,治疗组36例,对照组32例,均予以去除诱因,及支链氨基酸等一般治疗,治疗组在此基础上予0.8mg纳洛酮加入10%葡萄糖250ml中静滴,每天3次,观察72小时.对两组临床疗效、治疗前后血氨水平及β-内啡肽水平进行比较,观察肝肾功能变化.结果 治疗组总有效率83.3%,对照组53.1%,差异有显著性(P＜0.01),治疗前后两组β-内啡肽水平变化有显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论 纳洛酮治疗肝性脑病疗效好,安全可靠.     

眼科学纵览

视力受限,表现为孤立性动眼神经麻痹的HIV相关性大B细胞性淋巴瘤的临床、放射学及尸检观察：1例报道和文献回顾.     

中日大学生“ぁぃさつ”语言行为比较研究

以“家庭”“家庭访问”中的“ぁぃさつ”语言行为为中心，通过实证调查和具体事例进行综合性的描述和分析，探究中日两国ぁぃさつ语言行为的体系结构、共性和特性，可以加深对日本文化的理解，同时帮助日语学习者提高跨文化交际语言行为的能力。