体外短波热疗联合前列腺灸及哈乐治疗非细菌性前列腺炎和前列腺痛疗效观察

目的 探讨慢性非细菌性前列腺炎（CNP）和前列腺痛（PD）的治疗方法。方法 应用体外短波热疗联合前列腺灸及α1A-肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂哈乐治疗CNP和PD患者26例，疗程8周。观察治疗前后前列腺炎症状评分（CPSI）与最大尿流率（MFR）变化。结果 有效率为80．8％。治疗前后CPSI和MFR均有显著改善（P〈0．05）。结论 体外短波热疗联合前列腺灸及哈乐治疗CNP和PD安全有效。     

Lentiviral gene transfer of SDF-1alpha to wounds improves diabetic wound healing

BACKGROUND: Chronic wounds continue to be a major clinical problem and novel therapeutic approaches are needed. We have previously demonstrated that treatment of diabetic mouse wounds with local application of stromal progenitor cells results in improved healing and increased production of stromal-derived growth factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha). We hypothesized that lentiviral-mediated increased production of SDF-1alpha in the wound environment could also improve diabetic wound healing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Full-thickness excisional wounds were created in Db-/Db- mice and immediately treated with 10(6), 10(8), or 10(9) plaque-forming units of a lentiviral construct containing GFP-SDF-1alpha or GFP alone. At 7 and 14 days post wounding, wounds were harvested for histological and molecular analysis. RESULTS: At 7 days, Db-/Db- wounds treated with lenti GFP-SDF-1alpha exhibited a decrease in wound surface area for all doses tested. Morphologically, SDF-treated wounds were more cellular with increased granulation tissue volume compared to controls (P < 0.05). GFP expression was maintained in treated tissue at 7 days post wounding, but little expression was observed at 14 days. While we did not observe a difference in the gross wound surface area at 14 days, histological analysis revealed that SDF-treated wounds were fully epithelialized (n = 6) compared to only one of six controls. CONCLUSIONS: Lentiviral-mediated overproduction of SDF-1alpha is sufficient to correct the pathophysiologic abnormalities in diabetic wound healing resulting in complete epithelialization at 2 weeks. SDF-1alpha-mediated improvement in diabetic wound healing has significant implications for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to facilitate wound closure which target progenitor cell mobilization and recruitment.     

紧密连接蛋白1与重症急性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺微血管损伤关系的实验研究

目的研究重症急性胰腺炎（severe acute pancreatitis,SAP）大鼠紧密连接蛋白1（ZO-1）随时间的变化及其与SAP微血管损伤和胰腺组织病理学评分的关系。方法将48只Wistar大鼠随机均分为假手术组（SO组）和SAP组。SO组大鼠开腹后仅翻动胰腺;SAP组大鼠开腹后,以逆行胰胆管微泵注射5%牛磺胆酸钠法制备SAP模型。2组大鼠分别于手术后6、12及24 h各处死8只大鼠,取腹主动脉血测定外周血中淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、白介素-8（IL-8）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）及ZO-1蛋白水平;取胰腺组织行HE染色,观察其病理学变化并评分;同时行免疫组化染色检测ZO-1蛋白的表达情况。结果同时点与SO组比较,各时点SAP组的血清淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、IL-8、TNF-α及ZO-1蛋白水平均较高（P〈0.05）。SAP-6 h组和12 h组的血清淀粉酶水平均低于24 h组（P〈0.05）;SAP组内大鼠的胰蛋白酶、IL-8和ZO-1蛋白水平均随时点延长逐渐升高,各时点组间两两比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;SAP组内3个时点组间TNF-α水平的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。多重线性回归模型结果显示,SAP组血清ZO-1蛋白水平与胰腺组织病理学评分（b=0.96,P〈0.05）、血清淀粉酶水平（b=0.87,P〈0.05）、胰蛋白酶水平（b=0.72,P〈0.05）及IL-8水平（b=0.69,P〈0.05）均呈正相关,而与TNF-α水平的关系无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。HE染色结果显示,各时点SAP组大鼠的胰腺组织损伤程度重于SO组,且随时间延长,SAP大鼠胰腺组织的病理学损伤加重;SAP-12 h组和24 h组的胰腺组织病理学评分均高于6 h组（P〈0.05）。SP免疫组化染色结果显示,随时间延长,SAP组大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞间及毛细血管壁的ZO-1蛋白颗粒数量减少,且在毛细血管中的表达不连续。结论在SAP的进程中,血清中ZO-1蛋白的水平上升,同时其在胰腺组织中的表达呈下调趋势,表明其与SAP时的胰腺微血管损伤有关。     

Recognition and management of phaeochromocytoma

Phaeochromocytomas are catecholamine-secreting neuroendocrine tumours arising from the chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla. These tumours may be identified incidentally, as part of a workup for multiple endocrine neoplasia or during unrelated surgery. Better understanding of catecholamine physiology and advances in preoperative preparation has significantly reduced surgical mortality from around 40% to less than 3%. Surgery is the definitive treatment in most cases and laparoscopic resection is associated with reduced hospital stay and earlier mobilisation. Phaeochromocytomas are of particular interest to anaesthetists as it presents a unique haemodynamic challenge both before and after adrenal resection. In this article we describe the physiology of these tumours, their diagnosis and perioperative management.     

雷奈酸锶治疗人工关节磨损颗粒诱导骨溶解的实验研究

目的研究雷奈酸锶治疗人工关节磨损微粒诱导骨溶解的作用,探讨防治人工关节置换术后假体松动的可能性。方法采用小鼠建立Co—Cr-Mo微粒诱导骨溶解的颅骨模型,分为4组：A组为空白组,B组为颗粒对照组,C组为低剂量治疗组,D组为高剂量治疗组。28d后取出颅骨进行HE染色观察颅骨骨溶解面积,通过EUSA方法检测TNF—α和RANKL的表达,qRT-PCR方法检测RANKL和OPG的表达并分析RANKL／OPG比率变化。结果雷奈酸锶可以明显抑制微粒诱导的骨溶解,对下调TNF-α和RANKL蛋白有确切的疗效,而且这种改变与雷奈酸锶的剂量有关。虽然其对OPG基因转录的抑制作用不太明显,但是对RANKL基因转录和RANKL／OPG基因转录比率的调节与HE染色切片上骨溶解程度相一致。结论雷奈酸锶能够抑制小鼠颅骨骨溶解模型中TNF-α和RANKL的表达,并下调RANKL/OPG基因转录比率,从而抑制了由微粒诱导的骨溶解,为临床预防人工关节置换术后假体松动提供了理论依据。     

尿N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶水平与新生儿窒息后肾损伤关系

目的探讨新生儿窒息后尿 N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶（N-acetyl-beta-D-glu-cosaminidase,NAG）、血清中α1微球蛋白（α1-microglobulin,α1-MG）、β2-MG 值水平变化以及与窒息程度和急性肾损伤（acute kidney inj ury,AKI）之间的关系,阐述其在窒息新生儿肾损伤中的诊断价值。方法选择围产期窒息新生儿40例（窒息组）,按照新生儿窒息Apgar评分标准分为轻度窒息者22例（轻度窒息组）,重度窒息者18例（重度窒息组）;根据有无发生 AKI 将40例窒息新生儿分为AKI组25例和无 AKI组15例;记录入选新生儿 Apgar评分、胎龄、日龄、体质量。另外选择20例无窒息史新生儿为对照组。所有纳入对象在出生后24 h内采取外周静脉血,同时收集尿液。采用胶乳增强免疫比浊法测定血清中α1-MG、β2-MG的含量;采用 ELISA法测定尿液中 NAG含量;同时用全自动生化仪检测尿素氮及血肌酐水平。结果（1）本研究40例窒息后新生儿 AKI 总发生率为62.5%（25/40）,并且轻度窒息与重度窒息对 AKI 影响不同,重度窒息患儿更易发生严重的肾损伤。（2）窒息组尿 NAG及血清中β2-MG、α1-MG明显高于对照组[（25.48±12.45）U/L 比（8.62±2.49） U/L,（4.82±1.32）mg/L比（2.92±0.89）mg/L,（29.85±5.59）mg/L 比（25.23±5.26）mg/L]。（3）重度窒息组尿 NAG及血清中β2-MG、α1-MG 明显高于轻度窒息组[（32.21±24.32）U/L、（5.89±1.59）mg/L、（34.32±7.64）mg/L]明显高于轻度窒息组[（17.25±7.32）U/L、（2.92±0.89）mg/L、（26.94±5.57）mg/L]。（4）AKI组尿 NAG及血清中β2-MG、α1-MG[（28.24±21.25）U/L、（5.79±1.49）mg/L、（31.32±5.28）mg/L]明显高于无 AKI组[（16.34±6.72））U/L、（2.82±0.79）mg/L、（26.49±5.52）mg/L]。（5）按照对照组尿 NAG及血清中β2-MG、α1-MG值设定在x＋2SD为对照上限值,窒息组中尿 NAG异常率达65%,明显高于血清中β2-MG、α1-MG 异常率（分别为32.5%和7     

Complications after proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in pediatric patients: A systematic review

Background/purposeColectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the standard of care for patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and refractory ulcerative colitis (UC). The rates of postoperative complications are not well established in children. The objective of this systematic review is to establish benchmark data for morbidity after pediatric IPAA.MethodsPubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library were searched for studies of colectomy with IPAA in patients ≤ 21 years old. UC studies were limited to the anti-tumor necrosis factor-α agents era (1998–present). All postoperative complications were extracted.ResultsThirteen studies met the inclusion criteria (763 patients). Compared to patients with FAP, UC patients had a higher prevalence of pouch loss (10.6% vs. 1.5%). Other major complications such as anastomotic leak, abscess, and fistula were uncommon (mean prevalence 4.9%, 4.2%, and 5.0%, respectively, for patients with UC; 8.7%, 4.2%, and 4.3% for FAP). The most frequent complication was pouchitis (36.4% of UC patients).ConclusionsDevastating complications from colectomy and IPAA are rare, but patients with UC have poorer outcomes than those with FAP. Much of the morbidity may therefore stem from patient or disease factors. Multicenter, prospective studies are needed to identify modifiable risks in patients with UC undergoing IPAA.Level of evidencePrognostic, level II.     

区域性医学装备管理质量评价指标体系的构建研究

目的建立科学有效的医学装备管理质量评价指标体系,用于评价区域内各级医疗机构在医疗器械管理工作的质量。方法设计调查问卷开展两轮专家意见征询,其中第一轮专家意见征询主要是拟定质控备选指标。在质控备选指标拟定的过程中,我们参考了卫生技术评估(Health Technology Assessment,HTA)的方法,通过三种方式收集质控指标:各类法规、文献查询和第一轮专家意见征询。当通过HTA的方式产生了质控备选指标以后,开展第二轮专家意见征询,并采用德尔菲法确定了指标体系。结果建立了质控初筛指标,然后通过Cronbach’sα确定了指标的可靠性,再通过变异系数建立了质控精选指标,并通过指标开展质控管理工作。结论通过质控指标体系建立,进一步提升了区域内医疗设备管理水平。