慢性前列腺炎患者前列腺液IL-1β和TNF-α的检测及意义

目的 :了解IL 1β和TNF α在慢性前列腺炎患者前列腺按摩液 (EPS)中的变化及临床意义。 　方法 :应用ELISA法对 34例慢性前列腺炎 [EPS中白细胞 (WBC)计数≥ 10 /HP为A组 16例 ,WBC <10 /HP为B组 18例 ]、10例无症状性前列腺炎、12例良性前列腺增生 (BPH)及 8例健康对照EPS中的IL 1β和TNF α进行检测。 　结果 :IL 1β和TNF α在EPS中WBC≥ 10 /HP的慢性前列腺炎和无症状性前列腺炎两组检测值明显高于WBC <10 /HP的慢性前列腺炎、BPH和健康对照 3组 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 2 )。IL 1β与TNF α有显著的数列等级相关性 (P <0 .0 0 3) ,而WBC计数和IL 1β、TNF α之间的数列等级相关性无显著性意义。 　结论 :IL 1β与TNF α在伴有WBC计数增高的慢性前列腺炎患者EPS中明显增高 ,IL 1β与TNF α对传统以WBC计数为慢性前列腺炎进行分类的方法可以提供一个更准确的新分类方法。     

TNF-α、LPS、IL-6、PAF与重症胸腹损伤凝血功能障碍的相关性研究

目的 探讨肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、内毒素(LPS)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和血小板活化因子(PAF)与重症胸腹创伤后凝血功能障碍的相关性与机制.方法 收集2009年1月-2012年6月在解放军第二五三医院急诊科就诊,创伤指数(TI)≥17分,排除合并颅脑损伤及在急诊死亡的胸腹创伤患者82例,在救治同时抽血检查血小板计数(PLT)、部分活化凝血酶原时间(APPT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、TNF-α、LPS、IL-6、PAF,对检验结果行相关性分析.结果 凝血功能检验结果:PLT:(83.44±38.52)×109/L),APTT:(68.24 ±24.12)S,PT:(28.42±10.83)S;损伤因子检测结果:TNF-α:(36.41±18.09) ng/mL,LPS:(343.66±106.02) IU/L,IL-6:(393.83±143.86) ng/mL,PAF:(15765.31±4431.65) ng/L.PLT与TNF-α、LPS、IL-6、PAF之间相关系数(r)均小于-0.8811,呈显著负相关.APTT、PT与TNF-α、LPS、IL-6、PAF之间r均大于0.9142,呈显著正相关.结论 TNF-α、LPS、IL-6、PAF可能参与了重症胸腹创伤凝血功能障碍的发生过程,对TNF-α、LPS、IL-6、PAF早期干预,或可改善胸腹创伤患者的凝血功能障碍.     

脐带间充质干细胞对创伤后早期急性肺损伤作用的研究

目的：探讨脐带间充质干细胞（UCMSC）对创伤后急性肺损伤（ALI）早期的作用.方法：采用撞击后静脉注射脂多糖的二次打击方法复制创伤后ALI家兔模型.24只家兔随机分为正常对照组（正常饲养）、ALI组（复制ALI模型）和UCMSC组（伤前30 min静脉注射UCMSC 1×106个）,每组8只.各组动物于伤后0、1.5、3和6 h测定血浆TNF-α含量;伤后6 h测定PaO2,支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中TNF-α、补体C3a和C5a、白蛋白含量及中性粒细胞计数,肺湿/干重比值（W/D）,免疫组织化学法观察肺组织中TNF-α蛋白的表达,光镜下观察肺组织病理学变化.结果：与正常对照组比较,ALI组PaO2下降,其余各检测指标均明显升高,镜下见肺泡壁破坏,肺泡腔渗出和出血,肺组织TNF-α表达增强.伤前给予UCMSC能提高ALI动物的PaO2,不同程度降低外周血TNF-α及BALF中TNF-α[（0.72±0.70）μg/L比（1.82±0.60）μg/L]、C3a[（0.28±0.07）μg/L比（0.45±0.03）μg/L]、C5a[（0.08±0.01）μg/L比（0.19±0.03）μg/L]、白蛋白含量[（69.0±9.7）mg/L比（102.0±14.9）mg/L]和中性粒细胞计数[（229.0±21.4）×106/L比（298.0±36.8）×106/L],降低肺W/D,抑制肺组织TNF-α蛋白表达,减轻肺泡的损伤程度.结论：UCMSC能减少ALI时组织及血浆TNF-α的含量,减轻肺泡损伤程度,在一定程度上对早期创伤后急性肺损伤起保护作用.     

Obesity Is Associated with Increased Prostate Growth and Attenuated Prostate Volume Reduction by Dutasteride

Background

Although obesity has been associated with larger prostate volumes (PV), few studies have actually investigated whether obesity enhances PV growth, especially among men using 5α-reductase inhibitors.

Objective

To examine whether obesity is associated with enhanced PV growth measured by serial transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) measurements.

Design, setting, and participants

We conducted a secondary analysis of the REduction by DUtasteride of prostate Cancer Events (REDUCE) trial, which was originally aimed at cancer risk reduction among high-risk men with a single negative prestudy biopsy.

Intervention

Per-protocol randomization to placebo or dutasteride and mandatory TRUS-guided biopsies at 2 yr and 4 yr.

Outcome measurements and statistical analysis

Percentage change in PV at 2 yr and 4 yr from baseline. We tested its association with baseline body mass index (BMI) groups of <25, 25–29.9, and ≥30 kg/m² using multivariable linear regression. Secondarily, we tested whether BMI was associated with the likelihood of having no PV reduction among men randomized to dutasteride using multivariable logistic regression.

Results and limitations

Of 8122 participants, we analyzed 71.8% and 54.5% with complete 2-yr and 4-yr PV data, respectively. In multivariable analysis, men on placebo with BMI ≥30 versus <25 kg/m² had enhanced PV growth from baseline (at 2 yr: 17.0% vs 10.7%, p < 0.001; at 4 yr: 29.4% vs 20.1%; p = 0.001). Men on dutasteride with BMI ≥30 versus <25 kg/m² had attenuated PV reduction from baseline (at 2 yr: −14.3% vs −18.5%; p = 0.002; at 4 yr: −13.2% vs −19.3%; p = 0.001) and higher likelihood of having no PV reduction (at 2 yr: odds ratio [OR]: 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08–1.93; p = 0.014; at 4 yr: OR: 1.62; 95% CI, 1.18–2.22; p = 0.003). We found no significant interactions between BMI and dutasteride on PV change at 2 yr and 4 yr (p interaction ≥0.36). No clinical outcomes or effects of weight change were assessed.

Conclusions

Obesity enhanced PV growth and attenuated PV reduction by dutasteride. The null interaction between obesity and dutasteride for PV change implies that the effect of obesity on dutasteride-treated men is likely a combination of dutasteride-driven PV reduction with obesity-driven PV growth rather than decreased dutasteride efficacy.

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier

NCT00056407.     

糖皮质激素对记忆巩固的作用及其神经机制

背景 糖皮质激素(glucocorticoid,GC)在机体的作用范围比较广泛,对学习记忆也能产生影响. 目的 近年来关于GC增强记忆巩固的神经机制有了进一步的发展,现就近年的进展予以综述. 内容 在人体和动物的众多研究均提示,去甲肾上腺系统的激活在GC影响记忆的机制中发挥重要的作用,谷氨酸及其受体、内源性大麻素也参与其中.GC对记忆巩固的调节主要通过基底外侧杏仁核(the basolateral complex of the amygdale,BLA)及BLA与其他脑区的相互作用而实现,且不同的麻醉药物对应激反应的影响也不相同. 趋向 深入研究GC对人体认知功能的影响,有助于揭示认知功能障碍的发生机制,有利于临床工作者制定有效的预防及治疗方案.     

水肿型胰腺炎向坏死型胰腺炎进展中VEGF的表达及意义

目的：探讨在胰腺微循环障碍加重过程中血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的表达及意义。方法：将大鼠随机分为假手术对照组（N组）、急性水肿型胰腺炎组（AEP组）及急性坏死型胰腺炎组（ANP组）。于建模后6、12和24h,分别采用ELISA法检测各组血清中的VEGF、TNF-α及淀粉酶（AMY）含量,免疫组织化学方法检测各组胰腺组织中VEGF蛋白的表达情况,并分析比较。结果：AEP组与ANP组胰腺组织中各时相点VEGF染色评分均明显高于N组（P〈0．05）;建模6hANP组的评分显著高于AEP组（P〈0．05）,而12和24hANP组的评分均明显低于AEP组（P〈0．05）。ANP组和AEP组血清VEGF、TNF-α与AMY含量均显著高于N组（P〈O05）;ANP组与AEP组之间差异亦有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,但AEP组建模24hVEGF含量和12hAMY含量与ANP组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;血清VEGF与TNF-α（正相关（P〈O.05）。结论：VEGF作为相对独立的微循环影响因素与全身炎症反应呈正相关,但在胰腺微循环障碍持续加重期,胰腺组织及血管内皮细胞严重受损,VEGF表达减少,胰腺坏死病变难以逆转。     

SH-SY5Y神经细胞中α7神经型尼古丁受体基因过表达对CaMK Ⅱ和CREB的影响

目的研究SH-SY5Y神经细胞中α7 nAChR基因过表达对CaMKⅡ和CREB的影响。方法复苏稳定转染α7 nAChR-pc DNA3.1质粒及空载质粒的SH-SY5Y神经细胞后,用含G418的培养液进行筛选培养;应用实时荧光定量PCR法和蛋白印迹法(Western blot)检测α7 nAChR基因过表达组、空载质粒组和正常对照组细胞中CaMKⅡ、CREB mRNA及蛋白表达水平的变化。结果与对照组相比,α7 nAChR基因过表达细胞组的CaMKⅡ、CREB mRNA表达水平分别增加了116.8%和114.7%(P0.01);及CaMKⅡ、CREB蛋白表达水平分别增加了8.7%(P0.05)和41.4%(P0.05)。结论α7 nAChR的神经保护作用可能与上调细胞CaMKⅡ、CREB水平有关。     

Nicotine contributes to the neural stem cells fate against toxicity of microglial-derived factors induced by Aβ via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway

Recent studies have demonstrated that the molecules secreted from microglias play important roles in the cell fate determination of neural stem cells (NSCs), and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist treatment could reduce neuroinflammation in some neurodegenerative disease models, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it is not clear how nicotine plays a neuroprotective role in inflammation-mediated central nervous diseases, and its possible mechanisms in the process remain largely elusive. The aim of this study is to improve the survival microenvironment of NSCs co-cultured with microglias in vitro by weakening inflammation that mediated by accumulation of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ). The viability, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis of NSCs and underlying mechanisms associated with Wnt signaling pathway were investigated. The results showed that Aβ could directly damage NSCs. Furthermore, concomitant to elevated levels of TNF-α, IL-1β derived from microglias, the NSCs had been damaged more severely with the upregulation of Axin 2, p-β-catenin and the downregulation of β-catenin, p-GSK-3β, microtubule-associated protein-2, choline acetyltransferase. However, addition of 10 μmol/L nicotine before microglias treated with Aβ was beneficial to protect the NSCs against neurotoxicity of microglial-derived factors induced by Aβ, which partially rescued proliferation, differentiation and inhibited apoptosis of NSCs via activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Taken together, these data imply that low concentration nicotine attenuates NSCs injury induced by microglial-derived factors via Wnt signaling pathway. Thus, treatment with nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist provides a promising research field for neural stem cell fate and therapeutic intervention in neuroinflammation diseases.     

缺氧诱导因子1α诱导前列腺癌LNCaP细胞上皮间质转化的体内外研究

目的:探讨在体内外环境下缺氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)过表达对前列腺癌细胞发生上皮间质转化(EMT)并导致肿瘤侵袭能力升高的影响。方法:对已构建的稳定表达HIF-1α的人前列腺癌LNCaP细胞(LN-CaP/HIF-1α)复苏后培养,对HIF-1α过表达进行鉴定。MTT法测定细胞增殖;检测转染前后培养液上清PSA水平;软琼脂成瘤实验比较两种细胞体外成瘤能力;将转染前后的LNCaP细胞注射免疫裸鼠皮下建立皮下肿瘤模型,观察肿瘤生长情况;收集肿瘤标本进一步行免疫组化处理。结果:免疫荧光和Western印迹证实LNCaP/HIF-1α细胞中HIF-1α过表达。同LNCaP细胞相比,转染HIF-1α的人前列腺癌LNCaP细胞培养液中PSA水平明显降低;MTT法显示其更具有增殖活性,体外成瘤能力更强。体内实验显示皮下肿瘤成瘤率提高,成瘤时间提前。肿瘤标本免疫组化提示转染组E钙粘蛋白表达下调,波形蛋白表达上调。结论:HIF-1α过表达能够封闭E钙粘蛋白,上调波形蛋白表达,提示HIF-1α过表达可能通过诱导EMT增强LNCaP细胞侵袭能力。