Lipid extract from completely sporoderm‐broken germinating Ganoderma sinensis spores elicits potent antitumor immune responses in human macrophages

Ganoderma sinensis has been used widely in Oriental countries for the prevention and treatment of various diseases including cancer. Previous studies have shown that the lipid extract from Ganoderma exhibits direct cytotoxicity against tumor cells. Here, it is reported that the lipid extract from germinating G. sinensis spores, at lower concentrations that have no direct tumoricidal activity, induce potent antitumor immune responses in human monocytes/macrophages. Upon stimulation with the lipid extract, monocytes/macrophages exhibited markedly increased production of proinflammatory cytokines and surface expression of costimulatory molecules. Conditioned medium from stimulated cells effectively suppressed the growth of tumor cells. Apparently, the lipid extract triggered macrophage activation via a mechanism different from that associated with LPS. Moreover, it was observed that the lipid extract could partially re‐establish the antitumor activity of the immunosuppressive tumor‐associated macrophages. These results indicated that in addition to its direct tumoricidal activity, the lipid extract from G. sinensis spores could exert antitumor activity by stimulating the activation of human monocytes/macrophages. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

灵芝菌合剂中灵芝多糖含量的测定

目的：探讨灵芝菌合剂中灵芝多糖含量的检测方法。方法：采用分光光度法，以无水葡萄糖为对照品，检测波长为490nm。结果：此方法在0～120μg范围内线性关系良好，灵芝多糖的平均回收率为99．09%。RSB为1．14％。结论：本法简便快捷，准确度高，重现性好，可作为本制剂的质控方法。     

赤灵芝的致突变性试验

使用赤灵芝的水提取液、乙醇（３０％）提取液进行鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复、小鼠骨髓多染红细胞微核和雄小鼠精子畸变等三种致突变试验。剂量为１０００μｇ．皿＾－１和５０００μｇ／皿＾－１的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复试验的结果为阴性。小鼠在服用７５００ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１的水提取液或２５００ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１的醇提取液时，微核试验和精子畸变试验结果均为阴性。     

Significance of sampling height of airborne particles for aerobiological information

Pollen and spore counts from Burkard traps for routine pollen and spore sampling placed at 15 m above ground and at ground level were compared. Daily counts of most pollen types were higher on the ground than at roof level, but the counts were significantly correlated. The ratios of pollen frequencies at high and low levels varied between 1.0 and 11.5. The most prominent differences were recorded for herbaceous pollen (e.g. Artemisia counts 11.5 and Poaccae counts 4.4 times higher at ground level) and in Botrytis and Ustilaginales spores. Tree pollen grains and basidiomycetous spores were more equally distributed. Wind speed did not affect the variation of pollen frequencies at either height. Large spores are not so unevenly distributed as previously supposed. Artemisia and grass pollen was detected 1 to 2 weeks earlier at ground level than on the roof. It is therefore concluded that especially the beginning of flowering should be monitored at a low level.     

生孢梭菌孢子作为生物指示剂用于残存概率灭菌工艺验证的可行性

测定并分析生孢梭菌孢子在不同介质及不同温度下的耐热参数，评价生孢梭菌孢子的耐热特性及其作为生物指示剂在残存概率湿热灭菌工艺验证中的应用。     

赤灵芝对小鼠非特异性免疫功能的影响

目的 :探讨百色灵芝对正常小鼠和免疫抑制小鼠非特异性免疫功能的影响。方法 :用不同剂量赤灵芝液给正常小鼠和环磷酰胺免疫抑制小鼠灌胃 ,检测小鼠免疫器官重量和巨噬细胞吞噬功能。结果 :赤灵芝水煎剂对正常小鼠非特异性免疫功能无显著影响 ,但能显著增加环磷酰胺免疫抑制小鼠的胸腺和脾脏重量及胸腺指数和脾指数 ,增加巨噬细胞吞噬功能。结论 :赤灵芝对正常小鼠免疫功能无显著影响 ,对环磷酰胺免疫抑制小鼠的非特异性免疫功能具有正调节作用。     

富锗灵芝菌丝体氨基酸及超氧化物歧化酶含量的测定

目的:测定富锗灵芝菌丝体氨基酸及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的含量,探讨培养基中GeO2的最适加量。方法:高效液相色谱仪分析氨基酸,氯化硝基四氮唑蓝(NBT)光化还原法测定SOD的含量。结果:培养基中添加400 mg.L-1的GeO2,灵芝菌丝体中氨基酸含量比对照提高54.34%,SOD提高16.73%。结论:为富锗灵芝菌丝体的应用奠定基础。     

灵芝孢子粉与环磷酰胺联合使用抑瘤作用的实验研究

目的　探讨灵芝孢子粉与环磷酰胺合用对小鼠移植性动物肿瘤的抑制作用。方法　按药物体内抑瘤作用常规筛选方法进行,试验动物用NIH小鼠。瘤株为小鼠肝癌 (Hepatoma)。小鼠随机分成 4组,每组 10只。阴性对照组以 0. 5%羧甲基纤维素钠 20ml·kg-1 /d灌胃。第一实验组以环磷酰胺(CTX)20mg·kg-1 /d灌胃。第二实验组:灵芝孢子粉 4g·kg-1 /d灌胃。第三实验组:灵芝孢子粉 4g·kg-1 /d+环磷酰胺20mg·kg-1 /d灌胃,各组均于接种后 24小时开始灌胃给药,连续 10天。均于末次给药后 24小时处死,计算抑瘤率。结果　各组抑瘤率分别是:第一实验组 (CTX)为 63. 5% ~66. 1%,第二实验组为 63. 0% ~64.7%,第三实验组为 77. 8% ~79. 1%。各实验组的抑瘤作用与阴性对照组比较,差异均有非常显著性意义(P<0. 001)。孢子粉与CTX联合用药组与单用灵芝孢子粉组或单用CTX组比较,前者的抑瘤率均明显高于后两者单独用药的抑瘤率(P<0. 05)。结论　灵芝孢子粉与CTX两者联合使用具有协同抑瘤作用,灵芝孢子粉可减轻CTX的副作用。     

中药色谱指纹图谱相关性研究方法初探

目的：探讨中药色谱指纹图谱相关性研究方法以及相关性研究对中药生产控制的应用。方法：根据目前我国公布的中药指纹图谱研究技术要求规定，对某发酵菌粉注射液及其原料的色谱指纹图谱进行相关性研究，对应规定相对峰面积的共有峰，计算了原料与注射液相对应共有峰的相对峰面积，以及相应峰相对峰面积比值及其相对标准偏差（RSD）。结果：应规定相对峰面积的共有峰，它们的相对峰面积比值的相对标准偏差均小于8%(n=10)。结论:认为可以通过制订共有峰的相对峰面积比值及其相对标准偏差来体现原料与注射液指纹科谱之间的量相关性，建议把该比值的RSD定为不得过10％（n≥10)，据此可通过严格控制原料的质量及工艺的稳定来控制成品的指纹图谱。