Psychosocial Effects of Physical and Verbal Abuse in Postmenopausal Women

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the psychological effects of physical and verbal abuse in a cohort of older women.METHODS This observational cohort study was conducted at 40 clinical sites nationwide that are part of the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) Observational Study. We surveyed 93,676 women aged 50 to 79 years using the mental health subscales and the combined mental component summary (MCS) score of the RAND Medical Outcomes Study 36-item instrument.RESULTS At baseline, women reporting exposure to physical abuse only, verbal abuse only, or both physical and verbal abuse had a greater number of depressive symptoms (1.6,1.6, and 3 more symptoms, respectively) and lower MCS scores (4.6, 5.4, and 8.1 lower scores, respectively) than women not reporting abuse. Compared with women who had no exposure to abuse, women had a greater increase in the number of depressive symptoms when they reported a 3-year incident exposure to physical abuse only (0.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.21 to 0.60), verbal abuse only (0.18; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.24), or both physical and verbal abuse (0.15; 95% CI, −0.05 to 0.36); and they had a decrease in MCS scores when they reported a 3-year incident exposure to physical abuse only (−1.12; 95% CI, −2.45 to 0.12), verbal abuse only (−0.55; 95% CI, −0.75 to −0.34), and both physical and verbal abuse (−0.44; 95% CI, −1.11 to −0.22) even after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics.CONCLUSION Exposure to abuse in older, functionally independent women is associated with poorer mental health. The persistence of these findings suggests that clinicians need to consider abuse exposure in their older female patients who have depressive symptoms. Clinicians caring for older women should identify women at risk for physical and verbal abuse and intervene appropriately.     

血清痩素对老年男性骨质疏松的影响

目的 探讨血清瘦素水平对老年男性骨质疏松的影响。方法 选取年龄在60-92岁的158例老年男性，采用双能X线法（DXA）检测骨密度，并根据测值将受试者分为骨质疏松组与非骨质疏松组，用放射免疫法（RIA）检测两组空腹血清瘦素浓度，进行比较研究。结果 血清瘦素测值在不同年龄组间的差异无统计学意义，而在肥胖组与非肥胖组间有显著差异（P〈0．01）。在老年男性骨质疏松组血清瘦素测值明显低于非骨质疏松组，两者具有显著差异（P〈0．05）。结论 血清瘦索测值并不随老年男性的年龄而变化。但与老年男性的体重指数呈正相关，血清瘦素对老年男性骨质疏松有较好的预示及保护作用。     

老年疝环充填式无张力疝修补术的应用

目的：探讨老年人疝环充填式无张力疝修补术的近期疗效。方法：对35例次老年人疝环充填式无张力疝修补术的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：平均手术时间40min，住院天数3-7d。术后8-30h均能下床活动。全部未使用镇痛药物。并发症：急性尿潴留1例，恶心呕吐1例，术后低热2例。切口感染率及近期复发率均为0。结论：疝环充填式无张力疝修补术具有操作简便、创伤小、恢复快、无张力、低复发率、适应症宽的优点而成为老年腹股沟疝的理想术式。     

长寿老人主观幸福感及其相关因素研究

目的:了解长寿老人主观幸福感及其影响因素。方法:采用横断面整群抽样调查方法,对732例都江堰市90岁以上老人进行费城老年中心信心量表(PGCMS)、家庭关怀度指数(APGAR)、中文版简易智能状态检查(MMSE)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)及社会支持量表(SSRS)调查。结果:PGCMS在90-108岁老人中呈负偏态分布,PGCMS总分为1-23分,M(QL-QU)为17(13-19)。各年龄组间PGCMS的差异无统计学意义,PGCMS与SSRS中的主观社会支持、客观社会支持及APGAR、MMSE、ADL中的躯体生活自理分量表的相关有统计学意义。结论:PGCMS在90-108岁老人中呈负偏态分布,分值不随年龄的增加而变化。对90—108岁长寿老人主观幸福感有影响的因子及强度依次为主观社会支持、客观社会支持、认知功能状况、家庭关怀情况及日常生活中躯体生活自理能力。     

Three Year Health Outcomes Among Older Women at Risk of Elder Abuse: Women's Health Australia

BACKGROUND: Older women are at increasing risk of various forms of familial violence, yet detection is poor and very little is known of the long-term health effects of this psychosocial problem. The effectiveness of the 'Vulnerability to Abuse' Screening Scale (VASS) in predicting three year health outcomes was investigated among women enrolled in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, now known as Women's Health Australia. METHODS: The sample comprised a cohort of 10,421 women aged 73-78 who completed the 1996 and 1999 postal surveys (attrition rate 19.5%). The Time 2 sample had a small bias towards lower risk for elder abuse at Time 1 and better health on SF-36 and self-rated health. The VASS is a 12-item self-report measure with 4 factors: vulnerability, coercion, dependence and dejection. RESULTS: Overall, physical health (PCS) declined while mental health (MCS) increased over the three year period. Decline in physical health was predicted by only the dejection factor, but not by factors which seem to more directly measure abuse. The predictive validity of the VASS for three year mental health outcomes was given partial support. Three of the four VASS factors (dejection, vulnerability, and coercion) predicted decline in mental health at the univariate level, however, after adjusting for confounders, only one VASS factor (dejection) independently predicted decline in mental health. CONCLUSIONS: While the VASS shows some promise as a marker of health risk in older women, only the dejection factor proved consistently predictive of declining health status. Further research is needed to determine longer term predictive validity of the scale and to gain a clearer picture of how abusive experiences impact on older women's health.     

老年高血压患者血压昼夜节律对左室肥厚的影响

【摘要】 目的 研究老年高血压患者的血压昼夜节律变化对左室肥厚的影响。方法 选取我院126例高血压患者,根据心脏彩超提示左室肥厚情况分为肥厚组（n=52例）和非肥厚组（n=74例）。比较两组动态血压指标及血压变异性,进行多因素分析探讨血压变异性对左室肥厚的影响。 结果 高血压肥厚组24h平均收缩压（24hSBP）、白天平均收缩压（dSBP）、夜间平均收缩压（nSBP）、24h收缩压标准差（24hSSD）、24h舒张压标准差（24hDSD）、白天收缩压标准差（dSSD）、夜间收缩压标准差（nSSD）均高于非肥厚组,差异有统计学意义（P＜005）。Logistic回归分析显示,24h SBP 与dSSD、nSSD为左室肥厚的独立危险因素（P＜005）。结论 老年高血压患者的24h SBP 与dSSD、nSSD是影响左室肥厚的独立危险因素,平稳控制血压对防止左室肥厚的发生有一定影响。     

老年2型糖尿病患者自我管理行为与睡眠质量现状及相关性研究

【摘要】 目的 调查老年2型糖尿病患者自我管理行为与睡眠质量现状及相关性。方法 选取2017年6月~10月成都市某三级甲等医院200例门诊老年2型糖尿病患者为调查对象,采用基本资料问卷、2型糖尿病自我管理行为量表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表（PSQI）分别进行调查,并对结果进行分析。结果 老年2型糖尿病患者自我管理标准得分为（6018±1456）分,睡眠质量指数量表总分＞7分者124例（62%）。相关性分析显示,睡眠质量与自我管理水平呈正相关（P＜005）。结论 老年2型糖尿病患者睡眠质量指数得分越高,睡眠质量越差,自我管理行为越差。医务人员应针对老年2型糖尿病患者自我管理薄弱环节进行个体化健康教育时应注重其睡眠状态的评估,改善其睡眠质量,进而提高其自我管理行为。     

髋关节置换治疗老年移位股骨颈骨折的术式选择

目的 探讨老年(＞65岁)移位股骨颈骨折人工关节置换术的适应症及术式选择.方法 2003年1月-2008年6月共收治108例移位股骨颈骨折患者,年龄65～90岁,平均76.8岁,全部骨折为Garden Ⅲ或Ⅳ型.全髋关节置换(THA组)62例,人工双极股骨头置换(BH组)46例,随访36～60个月,平均45.6个月.分...     

生活习惯及社会心理因素对广州市社区老人认知功能的影响

目的 探讨生活习惯及社会心理因素对广州市社区老人认知功能的影响.方法 采用蒙特利尔量表（MoCA）对广州市某社区≥60岁老年人进行认知功能评定,收集一般人口学及躯体疾病资料,完成生活习惯调查表、生活事件量表、社会支持评定量表等,并行相关统计分析.结果 以MoCA总分为因变量,以生活习惯、生活事件为自变量,单因素分析显示坚持运动与否与MoCA得分差异有统计学意义[（20.75±4.88）, （17.37±6.63）,P＜0.01],余组间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,MoCA总分与客观社会支持、主观社会支持、支持利用度、社会支持总分均相关（r分别为0.201,0.280,0.092,0.266,均P＜0.01）;考虑性别、年龄、受教育年限、躯体疾病等因素,采用多元回归分析,进入回归方程的因素有性别、年龄、受教育年限、社会支持总分、支持利用度评分（偏回归系数分别为：-0.220,-1.530,0.313,1.654,0.503）.结论 社会支持及对社会支持的利用是老年人认知功能的保护因素,而生活习惯、生活事件对认知功能影响不大.     

七氟烷吸入麻醉和丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉对老年患者肝肾功能的影响

目的 比较七氟烷麻醉和丙泊酚麻醉对老年胃肠手术患者肝肾功能的影响.方法 择期胃肠手术患者55例随机分为七氟烷麻醉组、丙泊酚麻醉组.监测术前和术后1d、3d患者血清天冬氨酸转移酶、丙氨酸转氨酶、血尿素氮和肌酸酐水平.结果 与术前相比,两组患者AST术后1d、3d均升高,S组患者BUN在术后3d有升高,肌酸酐术后1d和3d均增加（P＜0.05）.两组患者ALT及T组患者BUN和肌酸酐手术前后无显著变化（P＞0.05）.结论 低剂量七氟烷吸入麻醉和丙泊酚静脉麻醉对老年患者肝肾功能的影响无显著差异.