Outcome of anaemic monochorionic single survivors following early intrauterine rescue transfusion in cases of feto-fetal transfusion syndrome

Objective  To evaluate the outcome of severely anaemic monochorionic (MC) twins surviving the death of their co-twin following early intrauterine rescue transfusion in cases of feto-fetal transfusion syndrome (FFTS).
Study design  We reviewed all MC pregnancies complicated with FFTS following primary management, in which a single intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) was diagnosed with certainty within 24 hours between January 1999 and December 2006. We included MC survivors who presented ultrasound or Doppler features of fetal anaemia following the death of their co-twin. Intrauterine transfusion (IUT) was given to all survivors who were anaemic.
Results  Nineteen MC twin pregnancies presented a single intrauterine death (IUD) associated with an anaemic co-twin. Median gestational age at IUD was 23 [20–28] weeks. The median interval between IUD and IUT was 12 [8–24] hours. There were 58% (11/19) healthy survivors. Perinatal death rate was 26% (5/19) including 16% (3/19) intrauterine and 10% (2/19) neonatal deaths. Abnormal prenatal cerebral findings developed in 21% (4/19) cases, always within 1 month after the death of the co-twin. Considering occlusive techniques and other management separately, there were 64% (7/11) and 50% (4/8) healthy survivors, respectively, and perinatal death occurred in 36% (4/11) and 12.5% (1/8) of fetuses, respectively. Prenatal fetal cerebral lesions developed in 9% (1/11) of cases following occlusive techniques and in 37.5% (3/8) of fetuses when managed differently. The median gestational age at delivery in the survivors was 31 [25–38] weeks.
Conclusion  In cases of FFTS with single anaemic survivors, early IUT could be offered following extensive counselling and close follow up.     

双胎妊娠47例临床分析

目的　通过对 47例双胎妊娠资料进行回顾性分析 ,找出双胎妊娠的高危因素 ,以正确防治并发症 ,提高婴儿生存率。方法　分析 47例双胎妊娠资料中胎先露类型与分娩方式 ,分娩方式与围生儿窒息及死亡的关系 ,并发症的发生情况等。结果　剖宫产 2 5例 ,阴道分娩 2 2例。阴道分娩窒息率明显高于剖宫产窒息率。并发症中以妊高征为最多 ,其次为贫血、产后出血和早产。结论　对于双胎妊娠 ,应早期行B超及其它检查 ,以达到早期诊断并及时防治并发症 ,并应放宽剖宫产指征     

双胎与单胎产妇蛛网膜下腔阻滞后血流动力学变化特点比较

目的比较双胎与单胎产妇在接受蛛网膜下腔阻滞（spinal anesthesia, SA）后剖宫产术中的血流动力学变化特点。方法纳入同期行择期剖宫产手术的双胎与单胎产妇各40例,通过无创心输出量监测仪（NICOM）测定SA前后以及剖宫产术中不同时间点的心输出量（cardiac output, CO）、每搏量（stroke volume, SV）、心率（heart rate, HR）、总外周血管阻力（total peripheral vascular resistance, TPR）和平均动脉压（mean arterial pressure, MAP）,同时比较2组低血压发生率、平均血管活性药物的用量及最高阻滞平面等。结果双胎组产妇的CO和SV在SA后持续下降,不同时间点均低于单胎组（P<0.05）,而2组的HR在SA后均上升,但组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。SA后2组的TPR均开始下降,但与基础值差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,单胎组的TPR在SA后的几个时点显著低于双胎组（P<0.05）。2组MAP在SA后均下降,在第10分钟时双胎组显著低于单胎组（P<0.05）。双胎组SA后的低血压发生率、血管活性药用量和最高阻滞平面均显著高于单胎组（P<0.05）。结论SA对双胎产妇的血流动力学有显著的影响,尤其心输出量和血压降低均较单胎产妇明显。     

牛GDF9、BMP15、FSHβ和FSHR基因遗传变异与多胎性状的关联性研究

排卵数是决定牛生双胎或多胎的关键因素,研究牛GDF9、BMP15、FSHβ和FSHR基因与牛多胎和生殖激素水平相关性。筛选影响牛多胎性状的候选基因为揭示牛多胎分子遗传机理提供参考。本研究以有血缘关系的产双胎母牛和产单胎母牛为试验牛,以GDF9、BMP15、FSHβ和FSHR基因外显子区为候选基因,采用测序技术,对8头产双胎鲁西黄牛的DNA样本和60头正常产单胎鲁西黄牛的混合池DNA样本的四种基因的编码序列进行测序,并对产单、双胎牛血清中GH、LH、FSH和P4四种激素水平在孕前分布关系进行分析。结果显示,8头产双胎牛在FSHR基因的第11外显子共找到FSHR-G1109C、FSHR-G1153A和FSHR-A1327T三处共同突变位点;除孕酮(P4)激素单胎牛较双胎牛略高外,产双胎牛孕前GH、LH和FSH三种激素水平高于产单胎牛,且接近产单胎牛2倍;并没有在BMP15上找到共同的突变位点,可能不是控制牛生双胎的主效基因。     

Long‐Term Leisure Time Physical Activity and Properties of Bone: A Twin Study

Effects of physical activity on bone properties, when controlled for genetic effects, are not fully understood. We aimed to study the association between long‐term leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and bone properties using twin pairs known to be discordant for leisure time physical activity for at least 30 yr. Volumetric BMD and geometric properties were measured at the tibia shaft and distal end using pQCT in 16 middle‐aged (50–74 yr) same‐sex twin pairs (seven monozygotic [MZ] and nine dizygotic [DZ] pairs) selected from a population‐based cohort. Paired differences between active and inactive co‐twins were studied. Active members of MZ twin pairs had larger cortical bone cross‐sectional area (intrapair difference: 8%, p = 0.006), thicker cortex (12%, p = 0.003), and greater moment of inertia (I_max, 20%, p = 0.024) at the tibia shaft than their inactive co‐twins. At the distal tibia, trabecular BMD (12%, p = 0.050) and compressive strength index (18%, p = 0.038) were also higher in physically active MZ pair members than their inactive co‐twins. The trends were similar, but less consistently so, in DZ pairs as in MZ pairs. Our genetically controlled study design shows that LTPA during adulthood strengthens bones in a site‐specific manner, that is, the long bone shaft has a thicker cortex, and thus higher bending strength, whereas the distal bone has higher trabecular density and compressive strength. These results suggest that LTPA has a potential causal role in decreasing the long‐term risk of osteoporosis and thus preventing osteoporotic fractures.     

双胎输血综合征宫内治疗后供血胎和受血胎预后的比较

[目的]评价双胎输血综合征(TTTS)经不同治疗方式,包括羊水减量术(SA)、双极脐带电凝减胎术(BCC)和胎盘吻合血管激光凝固术(LCPV)后,供血胎和受血胎的临床结局.[方法]回顾性分析2008年1月至2013年12月在我院诊断治疗的双胎输血综合征93例,追踪妊娠结局和新生儿情况,分析比较供血胎和受血胎的临床结局.[结果]不同治疗方式组中严重的TTTS(TTTSⅢ期及以上)所占比例分别是:羊水减量术组50.0％(27/54),脐带电凝减胎术组93.9％(31/33),胎盘吻合血管激光凝固术组83.3％(5/6),P＜0.001,因此,3种治疗方式妊娠结局比较时仅纳入TTTSⅢ期及以上病例.SA组、BCC组和LCPV组双胎总体存活率分别是53.7％、24.2％和60.0％,P=0.002.SA组、BCC组和LCPV组分娩孕周中位数分别是31e(20+3～38+2)、28+5(20+2～38+6)和27+6((23+3～37+4)周,其差异无统计学意义(P=0.204).SA组胎膜早破的发生率是29.6％而BCC组和LCPV组胎膜早破的发生率分别是32.3％和60.0％,P=0.410.LCPV组28周前分娩的比例较SA组和BCC组高(分别是60.0％、18.5％和48.4％;P=0.033).TTTS双胎中受血胎存活率是44.1％(41/93)而供血胎存活率是46.2％(43/93),P=0.768;受血胎神经系统发育迟缓发生率是2.4％(1/41)而供血胎神经系统发育迟缓发生率是11.6％(5/43),其差异无统计学意义(P=0.202).[结论]胎盘吻合血管激光凝固术可提高TTTS的总体存活率;TTTS受血胎和供血胎的预后无明显差异.