学习投入对农村订单定向医学生核心能力的影响及专业承诺的调节作用

目的：探索学习投入、专业承诺对农村订单定向医学生核心能力的影响,为提升基层卫生人才队伍的质量提供理论参考。方法：通过多阶段整群抽样方法,抽取S省两所医学院校的520名农村订单定向医学生作为研究对象进行调查。采用分层回归法分析学习投入对农村订单定向医学生核心能力的影响,简单斜率检验分析专业承诺对前述两者关系的调节效应。结果：S省农村订单定向医学生核心能力总体平均得分为(3.39±0.549);学习投入对农村订单定向医学生核心能力存在显著正向影响(β=0.358),且专业承诺对前述两者关系存在调节效应,该调节效应使得学习投入对核心能力的影响变强(β=0.206)。结论：完善农村订单定向医学生培养政策,严把录取质量,加大基层基地的建设与投入,重视学生职业素质教育,提升核心能力。     

小学教师心理健康与职业倦怠研究

目的:分析影响小学教师心理健康水平和职业倦怠的主要因素,评估小学教师心理健康以及职业倦怠现状,探讨提高小学教师心理素质的方法与途径,为小学教师心理健康和综合素质提高提供参考和科学依据.方法:采用心理测评和结构式访谈的方法对某小学114名教师作为样本进行研究,选用SCL-90症状自评量表(90题)、和教师职业倦怠量表MBI-ES(22题)施测.结果:小学教师SCL-90各因子与全国常模比较,在强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁三个维度上高于全国常模,值得关注;根据MBI量表的计分和测量标准,小学教师职业倦怠问题有一定的普遍性;小学教师职业倦怠三个维度与心理健康9因子均呈正相关.结论:小学教师在强迫、人际、抑郁方面得分偏高,并可能是引起职业倦怠的影响因素之一,应提高心理健康水平以改善其职业倦怠现状.     

Effectiveness of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model for improving the care knowledge,skill, and sense of competence in mothers of preterm infants

ObjectiveThis quasi-randomized controlled trial was performed to evaluate the effects of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model (PPM) in enabling mothers of preterm infants to develop care knowledge, skill, and a sense of competence.MethodsAmong 116 mothers of preterm infants, 60 received traditional discharge education (control group) and 56 received PPM discharge education (PPM group). Improvement in knowledge and skills was transformed into the mothers’ routine daily care of infants. The primary outcome was knowledge of preterm infant care. The secondary outcomes were preterm infant care skills and a sense of competence, routine intervention compliance among mothers, and the readmission rate of infants 6 months after discharge.ResultsSix months after discharge, the mean knowledge score and mean skills score were significantly higher in the PPM group than in the control group. The mothers’ sense of competence with respect to both self-efficacy and satisfaction was also significantly better in the PPM group than in the control group. Moreover, intervention behavior compliance and the readmission rate were significantly better in the PPM group than in the control group.ConclusionCare knowledge, skills, and sense of competence in mothers of preterm infants improved after implementation of the PPM.     

SHEL模式下基层医院护理人员高警示药品安全管理培训的效果

目的:探究SHEL模式下基层医院护理人员高警示药品安全管理培训的效果。方法:选取2020年7月—2021年6月在医院从事临床护理工作的80名护理人员,随机将其分为观察组与对照组各40人。对照组实施常规培训模式,观察组实施SHEL模式培训,比较两组护理人员高警示药品相关知识及技能掌握程度、意外事件发生率及核心能力。结果:培训后观察组护理人员理论及操作得分分别为(86.75±6.18)分及(93.19±4.28)分,核心能力得分为(228.98±8.37)分,均明显高于对照组(P<0.05),同时观察组护理人员在护理过程中出现给药前未双人核对、药品分类不清及交接记录不全的概率分别为0.95%、0.95%及1.90%,明显低于对照组(P<0.05),且未出现药物外渗及滴速有误等情况。结论:对基层医院护理人员实施SHEL模式下高警示药品安全管理培训,能够有效提高护理人员高警示药品理论、技能掌握程度及核心能力,同时有助于降低护理工作中意外事件的发生概率。     

基于安宁疗护理念的医学生职业素养教育学习体验的质性研究

目的 探讨医学生对基于安宁疗护理念的职业素养教育教学模式的学习体验。方法 采用质性研究中描述性质性研究方法对参加本选修课的12名医学生进行半结构式深入访谈,运用Colaizzi 7步分析法对资料进行整理分析,提炼主题。结果 对参与培训医学生的学习体验提炼出5个主题,即利他主义增强、职业价值观增强、增加知识和提高学习能力、死亡观念的再认知、培养共情能力。结论 基于安宁疗护理念的职业素养教育有利于提高医学生的职业价值观、增强学习能力和主动性,进而提升医学生的职业素养。     

"老年护理学"教学中用师生换位法培养学生学习能力

采用师生换位教学法，在教师的指导下进行教学，体现了“以学生为主体，以教师为主导”的教育方法。增强了学生学习的参与意识，培养了学生的学习能力。收到较好教学效果。     

影响男护生实习质量的因素及对策

[目的]针对男护生在临床实习中存在的问题,提出相应的对策,确保男护生的实习质量。[方法]对男护生在临床实习期间出现的问题及特点进行分析,提出要加强男护生的心理调适,选择合适的带教模式,加强带教老师的选择与培训,实施人性化管理等对策。[结果]所有男护生均能顺利完成实习任务,对病区带教质量满意。[结论]男护生在实习中承受了更多的压力,积极采取对策,可确保男护生的实习质量。     

Comparison of Endemic and Epidemic Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Lineages in Culicoides sonorensis Midges

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) primarily infects livestock and is transmitted by direct contact and vectored by Culicoides midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Endemic to Central and South America, specific VSV lineages spread northward out of endemic regions of Mexico and into the U.S. sporadically every five to ten years. In 2012, a monophyletic epidemic lineage 1.1 successfully spread northward into the U.S. In contrast, the closest endemic ancestor, lineage 1.2, remained circulating exclusively in endemic regions in Mexico. It is not clear what roles virus-animal interactions and/or virus-vector interactions play in the ability of specific viral lineages to escape endemic regions in Mexico and successfully cause outbreaks in the U.S., nor the genetic basis for such incursions. Whole-genome sequencing of epidemic VSV 1.1 and endemic VSV 1.2 revealed significant differences in just seven amino acids. Previous studies in swine showed that VSV 1.1 was more virulent than VSV 1.2. Here, we compared the efficiency of these two viral lineages to infect the vector Culicoides sonorensis (Wirth and Jones) and disseminate to salivary glands for subsequent transmission. Our results showed that midges orally infected with the epidemic VSV 1.1 lineage had significantly higher infection dissemination rates compared to those infected with the endemic VSV 1.2 lineage. Thus, in addition to affecting virus-animal interactions, as seen with higher virulence in pigs, small genetic changes may also affect virus-vector interactions, contributing to the ability of specific viral lineages to escape endemic regions via vector-borne transmission.