柴胡皂甙m和柴胡皂甙n的结构鉴定

从黑柴胡(Bupleurum smithii Wolff)根中分得二个新三萜皂甙。根据理化性质和波谱数据,分别鉴定为3β,23,28-三羟基齐墩果烷-11,13(18)-二烯-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→3)-β-D-吡喃呋糖甙,命名为柴胡皂甙m(saikosaponin m,IV),和3β,16β,23,28-四羟基齐墩果烷-11,13(18)-二烯-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→6)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→4)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙,命名为柴胡皂甙n(saikos-aponinn,IX)。     

1 H n.m.r. long-range coupling in 2,4-disubstituted-5(4H)-oxazolones and 4-alkyl-5(2H)-oxazolones generated therefrom by the action of triethylamine

Long-range couplings were observed between H-4 and 2-CCH_a of 2,4-disubstituted-5(4H)-oxazolones, and H-4 and H-2 of 4-alkyl-5(4H)-oxazolones. In the presence of triethylamine, H-4 of the latter migrates to C-2 accompanied by a shift of the double bond to give 4-alkyl-5(2H)-oxazolones which show ⁵J coupling between H₂-2 and 4-CCH_a protons.     

Tritium in [O]water containing [F]fluoride for [F]FDG synthesis

The presence of tritium in enriched [¹⁸O]water irradiated with 9.6 MeV protons used to produce [¹⁸F]fluoride by the ¹⁸O(p, n)¹⁸F reaction was inferred from the cross sections and threshold energies of the ¹⁸O(p, t)¹⁶O reaction, and the existence of tritium was confirmed experimentally. Tritium was also detected in both [¹⁸O]water recovered for recycling and waste acetonitrile solutions. The purified [¹⁸F]FDG was not contaminated with ³H. The amount of ³H discharged into the air was far less than the International Basic Safety Standard Level.     

2型糖尿病家系的建立和特征分析

目的：建立并分析一个可用于研究2型糖尿病遗传和环境危险因素的高发家系人群。方法：确定有家族史2型糖尿病家系183个，分别对其三代家族史和血统成员进行调查研究，全部非患者进行葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT），用免疫学方法排除1型糖尿病家系。结果：家系人群中2型糖尿病患病率是56．5％，高于普通人群患病率。将家系人群按年龄分组，40岁以后患病率显著增高．不同年龄组的患病率有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。本研究家系人群中母亲传递的糖尿病显著多于父亲（45．9％：26．7％，P〈0．01）。但母亲是糖尿病的子女和父亲是糖尿病子女的患病率无显著差异（43．5％：41．6％，P〉0．05）。结论：有家族史的2型糖尿病患者有明显的家族聚集性，家系人群是研究2型糖尿病发病遗传因素和环境因素的合适人群。     

Identification of the parental origin of polysomy in two 49,XXXXY cases

The parental origin and mechanism of formation of polysomy X were studied in two polysomic cases, using four X-linked restriction fragment length polymorphisms, three (CA)_n dinucleotide repeat sequences and one variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) locus as genetic markers. A nonradioactive technique based on the hybridization of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product was developed for the analysis of dinucleotide repeats. Segregation analysis using different nonradioactive approaches based on the PCR, revealed that all four X chromosomes were of maternal origin. These data provide additional evidence of an identical mechanism of successive nondisjunctions in maternal meiosis I and II.     

重复神经电刺激在重症肌无力中的临床应用研究

目的　探讨重复神经电刺激 (RNS)对重症肌无力 (MG)的临床应用价值。方法　对 3 0例MG患者的面神经、副神经、腋神经、尺神经分别用低频 (3Hz、5Hz)和高频 (10Hz、15Hz、2 0Hz)超强电流进行RNS检查 ,共检查 12 0条神经。所检神经对应的肌肉疲劳后 ,再以上述频率和电流重复进行RNS检查。结果　低频刺激阳性为 5 6.67% (17/ 3 0 ) ,高频刺激阳性为 2 6.67% (8/ 3 0 ) ,两者比较差异有高度显著性 (P <0 .0 0 1)。 10 0 %RNS阳性患者在低频刺激时即可获得阳性结果。疲劳前的RNS阳性率为 5 6.67% (17/ 3 0 ) ,疲劳后为 83 .3 3 % (2 5 / 3 0 ) ,两者比较差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。疲劳后按 4块肌肉统计RNS阳性率为 86.67% (2 6/ 3 0 ) ,而按 3块肌肉统计阳性率为 60 .0 0 % (18/ 3 0 ) ,两者比较差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　低频RNS检查在MG疾病诊断中具有重要的价值 ,对MG患者的临床分型和指导治疗具有重要意义 ,受检神经所支配的肌肉疲劳后和增加检查的神经数目能提高RNS阳性率。     

联合运用St14(DXS52)位点VNTR和 FⅧ基因内的(CA)n重复多态性诊断甲型血友病

目的　提高甲型血友病 (hemophilia A,HA)家系成员基因诊断及产前基因诊断的准确性和可诊断率。方法　采用 St14 (DXS5 2 )位点的可变串联重复序列和 F 基因第 13内含子的 (CA) n重复多态性连锁分析对 HA家系进行间接基因诊断。结果　单用上述 2个多态位点中的 1个对 9个 HA家系进行连锁分析 ,可诊断率均为 6 6 .7% ,联合 2个多态位点 ,可诊断率则提高到 88.9% ,完成了 4个家系的产前基因诊断 ,并监测到 1例单用 St14位点的可变串联重复序列多态连锁分析可能发生的产前诊断的误诊。结论联合采用上述 2个多态位点可以对近 90 %的 HA家系作出快速、准确的基因诊断和产前基因诊断。     

钙拮抗剂TMB-8抑制BHQ,NE和KCl引起的培养乳牛基底动脉单个平滑肌细胞内游离钙的升高

用ＡＲＣＭＭＩＣ阳离子测定系统，测量单个细胞内游离钙浓度（［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ），研究８（Ｎ，Ｎ二乙胺）ｎ辛基３，４，５三甲氧基苯甲酸酯（ＴＭＢ８）对培养乳牛基底动脉平滑肌［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ的作用。在细胞外钙浓度为１３ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１时，ＴＭＢ８（３０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）可明显抑制ＢＨＱ，ＮＥ及ＫＣｌ引起［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ的升高。在细胞外钙为零＋ＥＧＴＡ０１ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１时，ＴＭＢ８（１０，３０及１００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）可浓度依赖性地降低静息［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ，ＴＭＢ８（３０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）可几乎完全阻断ＢＨＱ及ＮＥ引起［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ的增加。研究表明ＴＭＢ８降低培养乳牛基底动脉平滑肌［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ的机制，主要是抑制肌浆网Ｃａ２＋的释放，或增加肌浆网对Ｃａ２＋的摄入，并由此间接地抑制细胞外钙的内流。     

On the role of the adrenergic receptors for extraneuronal amine uptake and retention in rat salivary glands in vitro

Summary The effect of an -receptor blocking agent, phenoxybenzamine, and a series of -receptor blocking agents on extraneuronal uptake and retention of radioactivity after incubation of rat salivary gland slices with ³H-noradrenaline or ³H-isoprenaline has been investigated. In some experiments with ³H-noradrenaline as substrate, neuronal uptake was prevented by adding protriptyline to the incubation medium. Phenoxybenzamine reduced extraneuronal accumulation of radioactivity after both ³H-noradrenaline and ³H-isoprenaline in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas after propranolol the levels of extraneuronally retained radioactive material were markedly increased, the efflux from the slices not being diminished. Some other nonselective and selective -receptor blocking agents with and without intrinsic activity were found to produce the same effect as propranolol upon the retention of radioactivity after incubation with ³H-noradrenaline and ³H-isoprenaline. When both phenoxybenzamine and propranolol were present in the incubation medium the effect of extraneuronally retained radioactivity after ³H-noradrenaline as well as after ³H-isoprenaline was the same as when only phenoxybenzamine was used. The metabolic pattern of the radioactivity in the slices revealed that the extraneuronally retained radioactive compounds consisted mainly of tritiated catabolites, especially 3-O-methylated ones. The relationship between the extraneuronal accumulation and adrenergic receptor mechanisms is discussed.