Diferencias en la nota del ENAM y el promedio ponderado universitario en postulantes al servicio rural peruano, 2008-2015

Introduction

The Rural and Urban Marginal Health Service (SERUMS) is a mandatory program at the end of the medical career in Peru. The promotional grade point average (PPP) and the national medical examination (ENAM) grades are used when awarding places.

神经移位治疗火器性肌皮神经和腋神经损伤

在观察和测量100个上肢解剖标本的基础上,我们设计了带血管的胸背神经和下肩胛下神经移位,一期修复一例火器性肌皮神经和腋神经损伤.术后8个月复查功能恢复甚为满意.     

Producción científica en educación médica en Latinoamérica en Scopus, 2011-2015

Objective

To describe the scientific production in medical education in Latin America in Scopus, in the period 2011-2015.

Interspecific actions of α mating pheromones on the a mating-type cells of three Saccharomyces yeasts

Summary The a mating pheromones synthesized in three Saccharomyces yeasts (S. cerevisiae, S. kluyveri, and S. exiguus) displayed interspecific actions on the a cells of all three species despite the fact that the amino acid sequences of all three pheromones are different. Mating between species, however, did not occur. The interspecifie pheromone — a cell reaction was not necessarily more effective than the interspecific one. Deceased on March 28, 1987     

Characterization of a novel α-amylase from Lipomyces kononenkoae and expression of its gene (LKA1) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

A highly active -amylase (76 250 Da) secreted by the raw starch-degrading yeast Lipomyces kononenkoae strain IGC4052B was purified and characterized. Using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), end-product analysis indicated that the L. kononenkoae -amylase acted by endo-hydrolysis on glucose polymers containing -1,4 and -1,6 bonds, producing mainly maltose, maltotriose and maltotetraose. The following NH₂-terminal amino acids were determined for the purified enzyme: Asp-Cys-Thr-Thr-Val-Thr-Val-Leu-Ser-Ser-Pro-Glu-Ser-Val-Thr-Gly. The L. kononenkoae -amylase-encoding gene (LKA1), previously cloned as a cDNA fragment, was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under the control of the PGK1 promoter. The native signal sequence efficiently directed the secretion of the glycosylated protein in S. cerevisiae. De-glycosylation of the enzyme indicated that post-translational glycosylation is different in S. cerevisiae from that in L. kononenkoae. Zymogram analysis indicated that glycosylation of the protein in S. cerevisiae had a negative effect on enzyme activity. Southern-blot analysis revealed that there is only a single LKA1 gene present in the genome of L. kononenkoae.     

Interaction of transforming growth factor β1 with human glomerular epithelial cells in culture: opposite effects on synthesis of matrix proteins and on urokinase plasminogen activator

The effect of transforming growth factor- (TGF-) was analyzed on the synthesis of fibronectin, collagen type IV, and urokinase plasminogen activator in human glomerular epithelial cells in culture. An increase in the abundance of specific mRNA was found for collagen type IV and fibronectin. Fibronectin protein synthesis was also increased in TGF- treated cells; most of the de novo synthesized fibronectin was found as an unsoluble protein associated with extracellular matrix. In the same cells the amount of plasminogen activator mRNA was found leading also to a decreased surface expression of urokinase plasminogen activator. The data support the concept that by upregulating matrix protein synthesis and downregulating the plasminogen activator system, TGF- favors the development of sclerosis.Abbreviations FN Fibronectin - GEC Glomerular epithelial cells - TGF- Transforming growth factor - uPA Urokinase-type plasminogen activator     

Effects of unilateral electrical stimulation of various thalamic nuclei on the release of dopamine from dendrites and nerve terminals of neurons of the two nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathways

The role of several motor and intralaminar thalamic nuclei in the regulation of dopamine release from terminals and dendrites of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons was investigated in halothane-anaesthetized cats. For this purpose, the effects of the unilateral electrical stimulation of various thalamic nuclei on the release of newly synthesized [3H]dopamine were simultaneously determined in both substantiae nigrae and caudate nuclei using the push-pull cannula method. The electrical stimulation of the motor nuclei was the only one to induce asymmetric changes in the four structures since [3H]dopamine release was enhanced in the ipsilateral caudate nucleus and reduced in the contralateral structure while opposite responses were observed in the corresponding substantiae nigrae. A reduction of [3H]dopamine release occurred in the four structures or only in the contralateral substantia nigra and caudate nucleus following the stimulation of the parafascicularis nucleus and the adjacent posterior part of the nucleus centrum medianum or of the nucleus centralis lateralis and the adjacent paralaminar part of the nucleus medialis dorsalis, respectively. The stimulation of the anterior part of the nucleus centrum medianum, which in contrast to other thalamic nuclei examined, receives few nigral inputs, selectively enhanced [3H]dopamine release in the contralateral substantia nigra. No significant changes in [3H]dopamine release were seen either in the substantiae nigrae or in the caudate nuclei following the stimulation of midline thalamic nuclei. These results indicate that the motor and intralaminar thalamic nuclei exert multiple and selective influences on the release of dopamine from terminals and/or dendrites of the dopaminergic neurons. They also further support a role of thalamic nuclei in the transfer of information from one substantia nigra to the contralateral dopaminergic neurons. The possible involvement of connections between paired thalamic nuclei was underlined by the observations of evoked potentials in contralateral homologous nuclei following unilateral stimulation of motor, or some intralaminar, nuclei. The present report provides new insights on the mechanisms contributing to the reciprocal and/or bilateral regulations of nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathways.     

Adhesion polypeptides are useful for the prevention of peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer

We examined the effect of adhesion polypeptides on the adhesion and invasiveness of gastric cancer cell lines. We previously reported the establishment of an extensively peritoneal-seeding cell line, OCUM-2MD3, from a poorly seeding human scirrhous gastric carcinoma cell line, OCUM-2M. Both 21 and 31 integrin expression was markedly increased on OCUM-2MD3 cells compared with OCUM-2M cells, and the ability of OCUM-2MD3 cells to bind to the extracellular matrix (ECM) was also significantly higher than that of OCUM-2M cells. The adhesion polypeptides, YIGSR and RGD, and two RGD derivatives significantly inhibited the adhesion of OCUM-2MD3 cells to the submesothelial ECM, while not inhibiting the adhesiveness of OCUM-2M cells and two well differentiated human gastric cell lines, MKN-28 and MKN-74. The YIGSR and RGD peptides also significantly inhibited the invasiveness of OCUM-2MD3 cells. The survival of nude mice with peritoneal dissemination given YIGSR sequenc e intraperitoneally was obviously longer than that of untreated mice. The survival of mice treated with RGD was also improved, and this effect was increased using the RGD derivatives, poly(CEMA-RGDS) and CM-chitin RGDS. These polypeptides appear to block the binding of integrins, which are expressed on OCUM-2MD3 cells, to the submesothelial ECM, and consequently inhibit peritoneal implantation. The peritoneal injection of adhe-sion polypeptides may be a new therapy against the dissemination of scirrhous gastric cancer, and may be useful for the prevention of dissemination in high-risk patients. © Rapid Science Ltd.     

Localisation of CEA, β-HCG,SP1, and keratin in the tissue of lung carcinomas

Summary One hundred and twenty seven cases of lung tumors were studied by the immunoperoxidase technique for the presence of CEA and-HCG. Twenty-nine of these tumors were additionally stained for keratin and SP1. CEA and SP1 could be demonstrated in 80% of the studied cases, while-HCG was found in only 9%. SP1 revealed an almost identical staining pattern to CEA and keratin was found only in squamous cell carcinomas. The tissue positivity of none of these three markers correlated with tumor size, lymphnodal involvement or histological type.This study was supported by Deutsche Stiftung für Krebsforschung - Dr. Mildred Scheel-Stiftung     

Encuesta nacional sobre valoración de la actividad de los médicos internos residentes en los servicios de urgencias españoles

Introduction

The care activity of internal resident doctors is common to practically all medical and surgical training programs; however, there are no national data available regarding the situation of this activity from the perspective of the resident. The present study has sought to collect the opinion of the resident internal physicians on the health care performance and the teaching character that links them to their corresponding emergency departments, in the following areas: overall training value, appreciation of the workload, characteristics of the morning rotation, supervision or tutoring, etc.