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21.
Paul A.T. Kelly Isobel M. Ritchie Meharpal Sangra Miranda J.A. Cursham Emma M. Dickson Brenda Kelly Fiona P. Neilson M. Jason Reidy Martha C. Stevens 《Brain research》1994,665(2)
Cerebral blood flow and glucose utilization were measured in rat neocortex, hippocampus and striatum following methylenedioxymethamphetamine injection (5 mg/kg, i.v.), using the tracers [14C]iodoantipyrine and [14C]2-deoxyglucose, respectively. In control rats, blood flow was coupled to glucose metabolism, but in methylenedioxymethamphetamine-treated rats, marked hyperperfusion was measured in frontal and parietal cortex with no change in glucose use. This suggests that methylenedioxymethamphetamine has the potential to disrupt cerebrovascular control. 相似文献
22.
The mistreatment of elderly is subject to various social constructions. On two geographically distinct Plains Indian Reservations which we call Lone Mountain and Abundant Lands, the abuse or neglect of elderly is construed as a health problem which is a dysfunction of the community as a whole. Both physical abuse and neglect are more common on the Lone Mountain Reservation, occurring in association with other indicators of community disorganization such as unemployment and substance abuse. On the Abundant Lands Reservation physical abuse was categorically denied and what neglect existed appeared to be a function of role strain, geographic dispersal, climate and terrain. We attribute differences in the prevalence of mistreatment of elders to variations in economic opportunities for younger residents. Examining the historical and present contexts of intergenerational relationships on the reservations, we discuss the implications of this study for social exchange theory and policy applications.This research was supported by the Gerontological Society of America AppliedThis research was supported by the Gerontological Society of America AppliedThis research was supported by the Gerontological Society of America AppliedThis research was supported by the Gerontological Society of America AppliedThis research was supported by the Gerontological Society of America AppliedThis research was supported by the Gerontological Society of America Applied 相似文献
23.
Michael F Grunebaum Hanga C Galfalvy C Matthew Nichols Nathilee A Caldeira Leo Sher Kanita Dervic Ainsley K Burke J John Mann Maria A Oquendo 《Bipolar disorders》2006,8(5P1):496-502
Objectives: The goal of this retrospective study was to examine factors differentiating persons with bipolar disorder who did or did not have comorbid lifetime substance use disorders (SUD) at an index assessment. We also explored the chronology of onset of mood and SUD.
Methods: We studied 146 subjects with DSM-defined bipolar disorder. Subgroups with and without lifetime SUD were compared on demographic and clinical measures.
Results: Substance abuse disorders in this bipolar sample were associated with male sex, impulsive-aggressive traits, comorbid conduct and Cluster B personality disorders, number of suicide attempts and earlier age at onset of a first mood episode. In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, male sex and aggression and possibly earlier age at mood disorder onset were associated with SUD. In those with or without SUD, the first mood episode tended to be depressive and to precede the onset of SUD.
Conclusions: In persons with bipolar disorder, an earlier age of onset and aggressive traits appear to be factors associated with later development of comorbid SUD. 相似文献
Methods: We studied 146 subjects with DSM-defined bipolar disorder. Subgroups with and without lifetime SUD were compared on demographic and clinical measures.
Results: Substance abuse disorders in this bipolar sample were associated with male sex, impulsive-aggressive traits, comorbid conduct and Cluster B personality disorders, number of suicide attempts and earlier age at onset of a first mood episode. In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, male sex and aggression and possibly earlier age at mood disorder onset were associated with SUD. In those with or without SUD, the first mood episode tended to be depressive and to precede the onset of SUD.
Conclusions: In persons with bipolar disorder, an earlier age of onset and aggressive traits appear to be factors associated with later development of comorbid SUD. 相似文献
24.
Bullying at School: Basic Facts and Effects of a School Based Intervention Program 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
《Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines》1994,35(7):1171-1190
25.
B. N. Purdue G. C. A. Fernando A. Busuttil 《International journal of legal medicine》1991,104(5):289-291
Summary An incident is reported in which 2 intravenous drug abusers died as the result of uncontrolled experimentation with intravenous injection of the common anti-hypertensive and anti-anginal drug Nifedipine (Adalatt.m. Bayer), probably in mistake for the commonly abused short-acting benzodiazepine drug Temazepam. Large quantities of Nifedipine were identified in the blood of both deceased men by gas chromatography. Apart from intense gastric mucosal congestion, pulmonary oedema and general visceral congestion, the autopsy findings were entirely nonspecific. The similarity in colour, shape and texture between capsules of Nifedipine and those of Temazepam is likely to have prompted the mistake. 相似文献
26.
本文测定了东乡族、回族吸毒者血清睾酮及促黄体生成素含量,发现血清睾酮含量吸毒组(n=40,X=340.14±101.49ng/dL)显著低于非吸毒组(n=42,X=444.50±98.83ng/dL),P<0.01。未观察到LH含量的改变。戒毒期20日以内组血清睾酮含量(n=16,X=297.93±78.22ng/dL),低于戒毒期20~60日组(n=17,X=386.29±89.45ng/dL),P<0.01。询问103名吸毒者,2月后性欲下降25人(24.27%),增强2人(1.94%),无变化13人(12.62%),不愿回答者63人(61.17%)。吸毒影响性功能,损害性健康。 相似文献
27.
Jonathan Appel Dohee Kim-Appel 《International journal of mental health and addiction》2007,5(3):248-253
Since the 1990s, there has been a rise in the availability and recreational use of a herbal plant called Salvia divinorum. Numerous internet websites have advertised it for sale as a legal herbal alternative to illegal hallucinogens. Initial data
surveying use has indicated many young adults are obtaining and using this herb for its psychoactive properties. Reported
methods of ingestion for the plant include chewing, and smoking leaves or fortified extracts. Subjective effects of the plant
include, affect changes, psychedelic-like changes in perception, and even loss of consciousness. Although the pharmacological
properties and possible antidepressant effects have been studied in recent years, little information is known about potential
negative impact resulting from recreational use, and scant information about Salvia divinorum currently exists in the psychological
and substance abuse literature. While Salvia divinorum appears to be a substance with some therapeutic potential, it also
poses some significant dangers as a substance of varying legal status with a potential for abuse. 相似文献
28.
L. LEIBOVICI W. R. GRANSDEN S. J. EYKYN H. KONSIBERGER M. DRUCKER S. D. PITLIK I. PHILLIPS 《Journal of internal medicine》1993,234(1):83-89
Abstract. Objectives. To define risk factors associated with bacteraemia caused by Staphylococcus aureus or coagulase-negative staphylococci; and to use them to define patients in need of empiric anti-staphylococcal antibiotic treatment. Design, Derivation set: observational, prospective study; validation set: retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database. Setting. Derivation set: Beilinson Medical Centre, Petah Tiqva, Israel—a 900-bed university hospital. Validation set: St Thomas's Hospital, London, UK—an 800-bed teaching hospital. Subjects. All episodes of bacteraemia detected at Beilinson Medical Centre between March 1988 and September 1990 (derivation set, n = 1410), and at St Thomas's Hospital during 1987–1990 (validation set, n = 1040). Interventions. None. Main outcome measures. Percentage of staphylococcal bacteraemia in groups of patients defined by the models. Results. The following factors were associated with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: focus of infection (whether high or low risk), haemodialysis, intravenous drug abuse and infection acquired in the orthopaedic ward. A logistic model was used to divide the derivation set into three groups with percentages of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia of 1.8%, 13.2% and 33.7% (P < 0.0001); and the validation group 2.5%, 18.2% and 53.2% (P < 0.0001). Factors associated with coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteraemia were: central or peripheral intravenous catheter as the focus of infection, a preterm neonate, the presence of a central intravenous catheter, low temperature, and a low white blood cell count. A second model including those factors was used to divide the derivation set into three groups with percentages of coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteraemia of 1.9%, 22.8%, and 43% (P < 0.0001). In the validation set, the percentages were 2.9%, 22.4% and 31.0% (P < 0.001). Conclusions. The present study defines groups at high risk for staphylococcal bloodstream infection, in which empiric treatment should include an anti-staphylococcal drug. 相似文献
29.
K. L. Preston K. L. Preston E. C. Strain G. E. Bigelow J. T. Sullivan K. L. Preston 《Psychopharmacology》1996,123(1):15-25
The present study was conducted to determine whether methadone maintenance alters the pharmacodynamic effects of single doses of cocaine. Twenty-two current users of IV cocaine who were not seeking treatment for their illicit cocaine use participated while living on a research unit. Eleven were maintained on methadone 50 mg PO daily as treatment for their opioid abuse; 11 were opioid abusers who were not physically dependent on opioids and who provided opioid-free urines throughout the study. Each subject received acute cocaine challenge doses of 0, 12.5, 25, and 50 mg intravenously in random order under double-blind conditions in separate test sessions. Physiologic and subject-rated responses were measured before injection and for 2 h after. In the methadone maintenance group, cocaine challenge sessions occurred 15.5 h after the daily methadone dose. There were significant differences between the methadone-dependent and nondependent groups: 1) baseline differences related to chronic methadone administration and not associated with cocaine administration (lower respiration rates and pupil diameter; higher skin temperature) and 2) differences in response to cocaine administration; cocaine-induced increases in subject ratings of Drug Effect, Rush, Good Effects, Liking, and Desire for Cocaine and in heart rate were greater in the methadone maintenance patients compared to the non-dependent group. These results indicate that the positive subjective effects and some physiological effects of cocaine are enhanced in methadone-maintained individuals, suggesting a pharmacological basis for the high rates of cocaine abuse among methadone maintenance patients.Some of these data were presented at the annual meeting of the Committee on Problems of drug Dependence, Keystone, Colorado, June 1992 相似文献
30.
The daily fluid intake of male Wistar rats with simultaneous access to 6% ethanol and water was determined during a baseline period (1 week), following adrenalectomy (1 week) and for 3 weeks following SC implantation of hormone pellets containing corticosterone (CORT) or dexamethasone (DEX). Ethanol consumption dropped during the first week of adrenalectomy (ADX) but increased again in the absence of hormone replacement to reach preoperative levels during the ensuing weeks. The CORT treatment, which produced plasma hormone levels similar to the 24-h mean concentration of adrenally intact rats, not only reversed the effect of ADX on alcohol consumption but also enhanced it to levels above those observed in intact rats. Water intake was not affected by the CORT treatment. DEX implants stimulated water intake, but did not enhance the drinking of ethanol. SC injections of RU 28318 (type I corticosterone receptor antagonist; 10 mg/kg) or mifepristone (RU 38486; type II receptor antagonist; 25 mg/kg) at the beginning and halfway through three daily, 6-h tests failed to affect ethanol drinking in adrenally intact rats or in ADX rats bearing CORT implants. Similarly, there was no effect of giving the two antagonists in combination. These results suggest that exogenous CORT can induce excessive alcohol intake in genetically unselected rats and that this facilitatory effect may be mediated by non-genomic cellular mechanisms. 相似文献